mohammad kheirkhah

Investigating the potential global warming, greenhouse gas emissions and energy flow is one of the methods for comparing the agricultural systems in terms of environmental hazards. This research examines the energy flow and greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O and CH4) in rapeseed in North khorasan province of Iran.

This research was studied separately in three regions of East, West and South in North Khorasan Province. Energy input values of rapeseed fields were collected using a face-to-face questionnaire in the 2020-2019 crop years.

The results showed that the total input energy was 33.33178 MJ.ha-1 and the total output energy was 128545.05 MJ.ha-1. Energy use efficiency was 3.87 and energy productivity was 0.06 kg/MJ.ha-1. Direct and indirect input energies were 61.77% and 38.23%, respectively, and renewable energies was 11.02% and non-renewable energies accounted 88.98% of the total energy input. The study of greenhouse gas emissions showed that CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions were estimated to be 1417.04, 3.09 and 1.90 kg.ha-1, respectively. The global warming potential was calculated as 2413.38 kg equivalent of carbon dioxide per hectare, with the share of CH41%, CO2 58% and N2O 41%.

The best area for rapeseed production in this province is the western area and the southern area is not a suitable area for the development of this crop. However, by managing energy consumption, planting date and managing the use of chemical fertilizers, energy efficiency in canola production in the southern region of North Khorasan province can be improved.

Sugar beet is one of strategic products to supply sugar in water limited areas of Iran. Thus, proper managements to supply enouph water in production of sugar beet is very important. To evaluate the effects of some anti stress substances like salicylic acid, tyuful and glycine to irritigate the effect of early water deficit on suger beet, an experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at the Research Farm of Fariman Sugar Factory in 2013. Treatments consisted of control (without using anti stress substances), with three concentration of salicylic acid (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM), tyuful with three concentration (0.5, 1 and 1.5 liter per thousand) and glycine with three concentration (1, 2 and 3 liters per thousand). The results showed that the effects of anti-stress materials significantly affected the sugar content, root yield, white sugar yield and harmful nitrogen. Highest sugar content (15.65%), root yield (83.82 t.ha-1) and white sugar percentage (11.15%) were obtained by using tyuful 1.5 lit/1000. While, the lowest levels of these characters were obtained from control (not using anti stress substances). Maximum harmful nitrogen was produced in control treatment (4.38) and highest level of alkalinity with mean of 3.49 was observed by using 3 lit/1000 of glycine. Our results showed that all of the anti stress substances had positive effects on sugar beet under drought stress condition.