فهرست مطالب mohammad mojalli

Achillea Millefolium is used as one of the herbal remedies for dysmenorrhea. Due to the existence of its various forms and the lack of studies comparing them, this study was performed with aim to compare the effect of Achillea Millefolium teabag and capsule on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea.

This randomized clinical trial study was conducted in 2020 on 60 female students living in the dormitories of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. The research units were randomly allocated into two groups of 30 individuals receiving Achillea Millefolium teabag and extract capsules.  Data were collected from demographic and fertility characteristics form of the research units and visual pain scale. Pain intensity in both groups was measured and recorded in the pre-intervention cycle and at the end of the first, second and third days of the two intervention cycles. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and Chi-square, Independent t and U-Man-Whitney tests. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The results of this study showed that the mean pain intensity in the first cycle in the two groups was not statistically significant (P=0.69), while in the second cycle, the mean pain intensity was significantly lower in the group receiving Achillea Millefolium extract capsules (P=0.006).

The use of Achillea Millefolium capsules had a greater effect on reducing pain intensity than Achillea Millefolium teabag.

Hemodialysis is a common treatment for end-stage renal failure, and cannulation causes considerable pain. Topical lidocaine gel and aromatherapy as a complementary medicine are used to relieve the pain. Aromatherapy is associated with fewer side effects than medication, so, the present study was conducted to compare the effect of aromatherapy with Salvia officinalis and topical lidocaine gel on pain intensity during insertion of vascular needles in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

A clinical trial with before and after study design was conducted. Sampling was done using convenience sampling and 23 patients were selected and studied at three stages: pre-intervention, intervention I (topical lidocaine gel 2%, 2 mll or 2 gr in an area of 5 cm2 over the fistula), and intervention II (aromatherapy with 3 drops of leaf extract of S. officinalis 10%). Pain intensity was measured by visual analogue scale and data were analyzed in SPSS V 14.5 applying repeated measures ANOVA.

Mean scores for pain intensity were 6.09±1.28, 4.30±2.36, 4.13±1.98 at pre-intervention, intervention I, and intervention II phases, respectively. LSD Post-Hoc test showed significant differences in mean scores for pain intensity between pre-intervention and the two intervention phases (P<0.001), while these phases were not found to be significantly different in mean scores for pain intensity (P=0.7).

According to this study, the aroma of S. officinalis could be used in reducing pain before insertion of vascular needles in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Intravenous (IV) catheter insertion is the most common invasive hospital procedure and its related complications are costly for both patients and the healthcare system. Phlebitis or inflammation of the vein is an important cause of premature catheter failure.

This study aimed to determine the effect of IV administration with body temperature on indwelling of peripheral venous catheter.

This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted among 106 patients who required IV administration and were admitted to internal wards of Imam Ali Hospital in Sarayan, Iran in 2016. The patients were randomly divided into an intervention (n = 53) and a control (n = 53) group via permuted block randomization with four blocks. The solutions and medications were infused by infusion pump SN-1500SERIAL at body temperature (37 ℃) in the intervention group and at a mean temperature of 24 ℃ in the control group. The insertion sites were observed every two hours for evidence of phlebitis according to the Infusion Nurses Society. The indwelling of the peripheral vein catheter was also recorded every two hours. The data were collected using an information sheet and were analyzed by t-test and chi-square test using the SPSS 16 software. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, sex, education level, marital status, underlying diseases, addiction, Body Mass Index (BMI), and the mean received volume of infused fluids. The results also showed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of occurrence of phlebitis (P = 0.28). Despite the increase in the indwelling of the peripheral vein catheter in the two groups, the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.13).

Although IV administration with body temperature has been reported to be slightly effective in indwelling of the peripheral venous catheter, this study showed no significant evidence. Thus, further studies are recommended to be conducted on lower and higher degrees than body temperature (37 ℃).

Performing Benson relaxation technique by the mother improves the labor and affects neonate. This research investigated the effect of Benson relaxation technique for mothers on infant’s umbilical arterial blood gases.

In this randomized clinical trial study, 60 eligible pregnant women were selected through convenient sampling, and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data collection instruments were mother’s demographic information form and neonatal information form. Benson relaxation technique were instructed to the experimental group using videos and slide presentations, and after admitting to hospital, they were encouraged to implement the noted technique. Benson relaxation technique will not be instructed to the control group. After delivery, umbilical cord of neonate was clamped at two sites, and 0.5 ml of umbilical arterial blood was collected by a trained nurse in a syringe containing heparin (< 0.1 ml), kept in an icebox, and sent to the laboratory for testing partial pressure of oxygen (PO2</sub>) and carbon dioxide (PCO2</sub>). Statistical analysis were performed using SPSS software.

There was a statistically significant difference in terms of mean oxygen (P < 0.001) and carbon dioxide (P < 0.001) pressure in the umbilical artery between the control and intervention </em>groups; the markers of the umbilical arteries of the neonate were improved in intervention group.

 Using Benson’s relaxation technique by mothers improves neonate’s arterial blood gases; and can be recommended to the healthcare system as an effective method to improve neonatal outcomes.</div>

Surgery of inguinal hernia has complications such as postoperative nausea and vomiting. Regarding the unpleasant side effects of anti-nausea and anti-vomiting drugs, as well as prolonged hospital stay, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of acupressure PC6 and REN 12 points on nausea intensity of patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery. This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial study performed on 60 patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair in two groups of intervention. After the surgery and full patient consciousness, acupressure was applied on PC6 and REN 12 points separately in each group for 5 minutes; 2, 4, and 6 hours later, acupressure was repeated on those points. Two hours after each acupressure, severity of nausea were determined using a visual analog scale (VAS). Data were analyzed using t, chi-square, and Fisher’s tests via SPSS software. In PC6 intervention group, recorded scores were as 16.17 ± 0.63, 8.83 ± 0.49, 2.97 ± 0.23, 0.50 ± 0.11, and 0.00 ± 0.00in without, mild, moderate, sever, and very sever nausea, respectively, whereas in REN12 intervention group, these scores were as 18.70 ± 0.80, 14.53 ± 0.64, 6.67 ± 0.42, 2.47 ± 0.37, and 0.50 ± 0.47, respectively. Generally, acupressure particularly on the PC6 point reduces severity of nausea in patients after inguinal hernia surgery; these results are better compared to the REN12 point.

Constipation is one of the most common digestive problems in patients undergoing hemodialysis. It has a negative effect on quality of life in these patients. As routine treatments are not effective in this regard, complementary therapies may help to overcome this condition. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acupressure on constipation in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This was a randomized double- blind placebo- controlled clinical trial conducted in 2014.A convenience sample of 70 patients undergoing hemodialysis was selected from hemodialysis units of three hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran. Patients were randomly assigned to intervention or control group. Intervention group received acupressure in acupressure points three times a week for four weeks during hemodialysis. In control group, acupressure was delivered in false points. We assessed the frequency of defecation in the two groups before and after the study. The study instruments consisted of a demographic questionnaire, and a data sheet for documenting constipation frequency. The results indicated a significant difference between intervention group (13.73±3.63) and control group (10.06±3.77) in frequency of defecation during the fourth week of intervention (p<0.001). Regarding quality of stool, there was a meaningful difference between the groups in the fourth week in a way that the stool in the intervention group was more natural and in the control group, it was thicker and more adhesive. Acupressure seems to be an effective complementary treatment for constipation in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Job burnout is common in caring professionals; and high levels of the same are registered in healthcare professionals, especially, nurses in intensive care units. The purpose of this study was to determine the burnout among nurses working in intensive care units affiliated to educational and therapeutic centers of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, which was undergone through a census sampling method in hospitals related to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (n = 80) in the year 2011. Data were collected by Maslach Job Wear Inventory (MBI). The data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software.
The mean of severity of depersonalization, emotional analysis and lack of individual success were 9.20 ± 5.25, 25.32 ± 12.57, 35 ± 8.27 respectively. In addition, age (r=-0.49) and work experience(r=-0.48) have a reverse linear relationship with the severity of the lack of individual success (p = 0.001).
The results of this study indicate that there is a high level of occupational burnout, especially in the aspect of individual inefficiency among nurses in special departments. Due to the high importance of these departments, more attention must be paid by the authorities to this workforce. Moreover, nurses should also be allowed to participate in organizational decision-making, which can prevent burnout and its complications to a high degree.

Background and Constipation is one of the most common digestive problems in hemodialysis patients that has negative effects on quality of life in these patients. Non-medical treatments have more benefits compared to medical treatments. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acupressure on fecal impaction in hemodialysis patients.
A double blind clinical trial was conducted in 60 hemodialysis patients suffering from constipation. They were randomly assigned into either intervention or control group. In intervention group, one minute acupressure was applied three times a week for four weeks during hemodialysis in acupressure points while in control group it was done in false points. Fecal impaction was measured before and after the intervention.
There was a significant difference in fecal impaction between the two groups in week four after the intervention (P Acupressure has a positive effect on fecal impaction in hemodialysis patients with constipation. Therefore, it could be used as a complementary treatment of constipation in hemodialysis patients.

The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is rising in industrial and developing countries. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the most common cardiovascular disease. Thus, understanding the signs and risk factors of CAD from the patients’ perspective and their ways of dealing with this disease is of vital importance.. This qualitative study aimed to explore the Iranian patients’ viewpoints about CAD and how they dealt with it in their first encounter..Patients and This study was a qualitative content analysis conducted on 18 patients with CAD. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Initially, purposeful sampling was performed followed by maximum variety. Sampling continued until data saturation. Then, all the interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. After all, the data were analyzed by constant comparative analysis using MAXQUDA2010 software.. The themes manifested in this study included “invasion of disease” with subthemes of “warning signs” and “risk factors” and “confrontation strategies” with subthemes of “seeking for information”, “follow-up”, and “control measures”.. The results of this study described the patients’ perceptions of CAD and how they dealt with this disorder in early encountering. Based on the results, physicians and nurses should focus on empowerment of patients by facilitating this process as well as by educating them with regards to dealing with CAD..

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death around the world. The coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common diseases in this category, which can be the trigger to various psychosocial complications. We believe that inadequate attention has been paid to this issue. The purpose of the present study was to explore the psychosocial complications of CAD from the Iranian patients’ perspective. Patients and A qualitative design based on the content analysis approach was used to collect the data and analyze the perspective of 18 Iranian patients suffered from CAD, chosen by a purposeful sampling strategy. Semi-structured interviews were held in order to collect the data. Sampling was continued until the data saturation. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis approach by MAXQUDA 2010 software. This study revealed the theme of the patients’ challenges with CAD. This theme consisted of: «primary challenges,» including doubting early diagnosis and treatment, and feeling being different from others; «psychological issues,» including preoccupation, fear of death and surgical intervention, recurrence stress, anxiety and depression; «problems of life,» including financial problems, work-related problems, and family-related problems; and «sociocultural issues,» including change in perspective of people towards the patient, and cultural issues. Although the management of physical problems in patients with CAD is important, psychosocial effects of this disease is more important. Thus, health care personnel should pay ample attention to identify and resolve psychosocial problems of these patients. Results of this study can be used to empower these patients.

Development of nursing profession is faced with new challenges. Role of education is important for advancement of nursing. Faculty members are experienced in education, and they are authentic sources for determining of the educational challenges in nursing. The aim of this study was to determine the educational challenges in nursing from the viewpoint of faculty members of nursing and midwifery in University of Mashhad. This study is a cross- sectional study conducted on 31 cases from faculty members of nursing in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences by using census method in 2010 2011. A combination of data collection methods was used for collection of data in two phases: preparation of assessment tool (questionnaire) and survey of the desired construct among the samples. After determining the validity and reliability, a questionnaire was given to the samples to answer. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 11.5 using statistical tests. The most important threats in nursing include “Separation of fields such as anesthesia and operating room from nursing” (%93.6), “Increasing gap between clinical practice and education of nursing due to the increase in education of students and instructors” (90.3), “Being Theoretical courses in master’s and PhD program” (%77.5), “Decreasing the students’ motivation” (%77.5) and “Establishing new schools of nursing” (%64.5). The most important opportunities in nursing include: “Need to informatics education in education of nursing” (93.5), “localizing resources based on new issue and problems” (%84), and “Paying attention to evidence- based education in nursing education” (%83.9) and “adjusting the educational content according to ideals and standards of nursing” (%80.6). Based on the results, Returning of anesthesia and operating room branches to nursing after bachelors’, “Revising of educational content based on needs and localizing resources”, “Using new methods in nursing instruction”, “continuing the training based on clinical experiences” and “Using applied research in clinical environment” are suggested.

Nursing as a profession focuses on the provision of help to people to achieve the maximum health. Nursing education is crucial to supply the necessary work force to meet the needs of the society through educating and training efficient graduates. To ensure the achievement to this goal, there is a need to provide feedbacks on the results of education. The purpose of this research was to assess the achievement of nursing students to the goals of the fundamental of nursing course. To assess the cognitive domains related to of the course syllabus and objectives, multiple-choice questions were selected. To assess the psycho-motor domain, a set of skills using the Likert scale was devised. To assess the emotional domain, an attitudes’ questionnaire was developed. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data gathering. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used for data analysis. It was shown that in the cognitive domain (68.2%), emotional domain (71.4%) and psycho-motor domain (52.4%), the students were in a relatively condition good. None of the students were in the bad condition in the psycho-motor and cognitive domains. In addition, none of them was in the very good condition in the emotional domain. There is a need to the curriculum revision in order to meet students’ emotional needs during education. Opportunities should be provided for students to improve their knowledge and skills to reach the desired educational condition.

The aim of this review study was to describe psychosocial problems in patients with coronary artery disease and determine strategies to prevent and deal with. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is rising in industrial and developing countries. According to the report of World Health Organization، cardiovascular diseases are accounted for a large percentage of mortalities. The most common cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease that produces problems for people and worries in community. A systematic search was conducted on studies published in the last 20 years by using databases such as OVID، PROQUEST، SCIENCE DIRECT، GOOGLE SCHOLAR، EBSCO، SID، MAGIRAN and IRAN MEDEX with keywords such as problems، patients، coronary artery disease and related keywords. Because the aim of this study was describing the psychosocial problems of patients after coronary artery disease، physical problems was excluded. About 70 article in English and 20 articles in Persian were found about psychosocial problems after coronary artery disease. Patients'' problems were categorized in three categories: educational needs of patients with coronary artery disease، consequences of psychosocial outcomes of coronary artery disease، and different consequences for men and women with coronary artery disease. Because the heart is a sensitive organ، any heart disease can jeopardize patient identity، and psychosocial effects of heart disease is more prominent than physical effects. So، it is necessary to inform patients about the nature of disease and its causes، and how to implement secondary prevention and rehabilitation to return to work and normal life. Accordingly، continuous care for self-care is of great importance. This can be established by community-based clinics for secondary prevention. Especial attention to issues of women with coronary artery disease is essential.

Breastfeeding has the main role in the health of mothers and infants, and the instruction of mothers is essential in this context. This project aimed at comparing the effectiveness of instructional environment (Hospital versus Home) and other related factors to breastfeeding of mothers in hospital with home in Gonabad city. In this quasi-experimental study, the research sample included 162 mothers who were admitted to 22 Bahman hospital of Gonabad, they were residents of Gonabad and were divided into two groups randomly. One group was instructed with instructional package of film in hospital and another group was instructed by the same package at home. The data were analyzed through SPSS software version 11.5 applying descriptive statistics, independent t-test and ANOVA at the 0.05 level of significance. The results of this research showed that the highest percentage of research units constitute mothers who were 30-45 years of age (40.7%), were residents of the city (74.7%), had a personal house (75.9%) and had more than one child (55.6%). After instruction, there were significant statistical differences between the averages of total grades of breastfeeding function of mothers on the basis of location of residence (p<0.001), location of instruction (p=0.04), education (p=0.006) and age (p=0.01) so that breastfeeding function was better in mothers who were residents of the city, were instructed at home, had higher education and were older. The results showed that instructional package of WHO film at home had more effects on breastfeeding function of mothers in comparison to hospital setting. Mothers were more relaxed at home, complications after delivery decreased and the condition of learning was better.