فهرست مطالب mohammad noormohammadi

Among nanostructured materials, magnetic nanowires have been heeded because of their high shape anisotropy and their easy fabrication methods. Electrochemical deposition on the anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) is one of the best methods to grow different nanowires. In this paper, the AAO was fabricated on the 1100 Al alloy substrate by hard anodizing in 0.3 M oxalic acid solution. Then, barrier layer thinning process was carried out for electrodeposition process. Pulsed electrodeposition process was used to fill the nano-pores. According to this method, cobalt nanowires were grown in the nano-holes. Structural, crystalline and magnetic properties of the samples were evaluated using field emission scanning electron micr (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Vibrating Sample Magnetom (VSM) respectively. The results showed that nanowires have a diameter of 87 nm and crystalline structure with crystalline plates in directions (100), (002) and (110). A coercivity value of 600 Oe were obtained for nanowires, which is several times larger than cobalt bulk.

The oil industry needs solid and reliable materials in almost all processes. By making nano-scale materials, lighter, more robust, and more robust equipment than today's products can be produced. Nanotechnology in the field of oil industry and its related industries, in addition to reducing the environmental hazards of this sector and the possibility of saving from harvesting of underground reserves, will provide the basis for the growth of the country's major industries. Oil and gas industry in Iran is a long time and enjoyed. From these enormous resources, it has created a special place for the country. The effort to achieve technology and improve the status of these industries is something that should be given special attention. For this reason, the oil, gas and petrochemical industries have not gone away far beyond the penetration of nanotechnology, and nanotechnology has also entered this area.

Nowdays, AAO (Anodic Aluminium Oxide) films obtained by anodizing, have vast  applications in different fields of nano. In this study, AAO films production by mild and hard anodizing of 1100 aluminium alloy was investigated in three different conditions, and the characteristic parameters of these films were studied. Results showed that AAO films produced in oxalic acid and sulfuric acid mixture as an anodizing electrolyte needs to lower voltage compared with films produced in oxalic acid electrolyte alone. Mixture of oxalic acid and sulfuric acid generated AAO films with smaller interpore distance and pore diamaeter without any reduction in oxide film quality. Thickness of the barrier layer which is an important parameter for the growth of materials, was also reduced from 155 nm to about 110 nm. Phase analysis results using XRD patterns showed amorphous-crystalline structure of AAO films. EDS results showed the presence of sulfur in these films with addition of sulfuric acid to the anodizing electrolyte, and the more sulfuric acid was added to the solution, the amount of sulfur was increased. This shows high acidic potential of sulfuric acid and its peneteration into the film during anodizing process.

Generally, the drilling mud is divided into three groups of oil (gas oil) and gas based on its base (the main phase), which is often mixed drilling mud from two or more times a mixture of all three fluids that are present at the same time. In this paper, we first investigate the types of drilling flowers, and then we study the pollution of the types of drilling flowers that are said to be any material (solid, liquid or gas) that has a decisive influence on the physical and chemical properties of the fluid. . The components that cause the pollution of a flower type are not necessarily contaminated in other types of flowers and then provide solutions for the treatment of mud flowers.

The quick conquest of Persia by the Arabs, which took place in many cities and regions, at least after the defeat of Nahavand, without serious and organized resistance, is one of the the most interesting issues in the history of Iran and Islam. Meanwhile, the study of the motivations that made Iranians compromise Muslim conquerors in many cities is of a high significance. Searching in treaties and peace agreements that were concluded between Iranians and Arabs in the first century A. H. would be very useful for achieving these motives. The study of these treaties shows that the incentive to obtain economic benefits or to repatriate material losses, as well as efforts to achieve Life and financial security, has had the largest share in the Iranian desire for reconciliation with the Arabs. As in most treaties, the maintenance of the benefits and the dispossession of material property was the first and most compelling demand of Iranians, and the preservation of Zoroastrian religions and beliefs had a smaller share. This article, by examining the existing treaties between Iranians and Arabs in the first half of the first century A. H., aims to study the contribution of each of the Iranian economic and religious motives to compromise them, and ultimately provide the reader with the possibility of comparing these two types of motivation.

Justice is one of the most important issues of human life, and also a prominent religious teaching which, when well-observed, could not only soothe most human sufferings, but also meet most human innate needs. However, to exercise justice involves both knowing its different aspects and, at the same time, explaining it from the religious point of view. The present paper attempts to explain the concept of justice through induction, and reference to the text of Quran and Muslim traditions in 18 different sections. Among the sections dedicated to our discussion are a) the denotative and connotative meanings of justice b) justice in the structure of creation c) justice in legislature and Islamic Sharia d) justice as an intrinsic attribute f) justice as one of the principles of the holy messengers g) consistency between justice and human nature h) the sources of the arguments among Islamic sects (Ashaere and Motazele) upon the meaning of justice j) God's justice from Quranic view k) the justice of leaders, judges and witnesses l) justice in family and economic affairs m) justice in afterlife reward, n) grounds for oppression and obstacles on the way of justice o) conditions and necessities of justice, and finally p) the results of justice when executed. Justice, being put into action, might have some social and individual effects as well, for example, spiritual and physical well-being, as a social outcome, and deceny, condonation, virtue, and finally the ultimate salvation both in this world and the other, as an individual outcome..