mohammad piri

The intensification of Russia's economic presence in the east and southeast of Iran is an issue that knowing its reasons can determine the strategies of that government in the neighboring countries.The purpose of this article is to focus on Russia's economic activity in Sistan and the authors try to answer this question with a descriptive-analytical approach and using library and documentary methods "What factors caused the increase of Russia's economic presence in the western borders of India and Sistan". It seems that in addition to the strategic importance of Sistan in the political and military competition between the colonial powers at the end of the Qajar period, Sistan had a potential economic capability that attracted the attention of extra-regional powers. The results of this research show: Sistan always had an economic attraction due to agricultural products and trade routes; but the special global conditions of the "armed peace period" turned this region into a field of competition between Russia and England.

The expansion of colonialism in the world took place in different ways. Sending religious missionaries to establish cultural influence has been one of the effective methods of the colonialists. Iran was noticed by Western countries from the first years of colonialism, and the religious missionaries who went to Iran at the beginning of the Safavid era, were active in an unprecedented manner during the Qajar period, and prepared the ground for the presence of more Western countries. This article answers the question with a "descriptive-analytical" approach and a "library method", what effects did the presence of religious missionaries have on the Iranian society during the Qajar period? It is assumed that their presence caused disturbances in the social situation and the results of this research show that the religious missionaries, by fueling ideological conflicts, caused the disruption of social balance and order and the emergence of disputes, which provided the basis for the colonists' further influence. Another aspect of her presence was the establishment of schools and hospitals that introduced Iranians to new sciences and changes in the cultural foundations of Iranian society.

One of the most important and influential areas, both in terms of its impact on the economic sector and marketing potentials, and considering the socio-cultural effects, is the development of communication technologies and, consequently, the expansion of digital dimensions such as economics. This wide range of ICT-based e-marketing and its subset, e-commerce, along with algorithmic decision-making in marketing, collectively called algorithmic economics, covers the use of automated digital technologies in production. In this study, the impact of the digital economy on marketing, export development, and economic growth of Hamedan during the years 1391-1399 (2012-2020) has been investigated. According to the results of this study, there is a positive relationship between the digital economy and economic growth, as well as between the digital economy and exports in Hamedan province. In other words, there is a transmission effect. Regarding the first hypothesis, the digital economy index shows a positive and significant relationship to the economic growth of the province. This indicates that with increased investment in the digital economy, the province's exports will also increase. In addition, the second hypothesis suggests that any economic boom influenced by digital technologies affects the province's export development. Regarding export dependence and the digital economy, it can be said that a capillary analysis was chosen, which describes the asymmetric dependency structure effectively.

Extensive Iran-India trade relations declined on the eve of the constitution but these small relationships were also reflected in Iranian society and were effective in creating new ideas in politics and culture. The main issue of the research is the how new capitalism was born in Iran and the role of merchants in creating a social movement. The purpose of this article is recognizing the status of trade with India and its impact on Iranian society for about twenty years before the start of World War I. This has a qualitative and "descriptive-analytical" approach and has been done with the "documentary" method and based on "library" sources. It is assumed that the developments in Iranian society were influenced by the arrival and departure of merchants to India and Research findings also show: Increased trade activity between the two countries paved the way for social modernization but after the constitution and with the outbreak of civil war and social unrest, trade with India declined and However, these relations helped Iranians become familiar with some of the methods of agricultural and industrial production but with the arrival of the occupying countries in World War I, it faced a deadly challenge

To investigate the association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy and maternal and neonatal outcomes.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 115 pregnant women referring to an academic center. Demographic data, maternal outcomes (vaginal bleeding during pregnancy, preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, placental abruption, and premature rupture of membrane), and neonatal outcomes (birthweight and Apgar score) were evaluated. Domestic violence against pregnant women was ascertained by a validated domestic violence questionnaire. Finally, the association between domestic violence and maternal and/or neonatal outcomes was investigated.

The prevalence of domestic violence against pregnant women was 67.8%. Psychological violence obtained the highest prevalence (64.3%), followed by economic (34.8%), sexual (18.3%), and physical (12.2%) violence. Regression analysis showed that there was a significant association between domestic violence and preterm labor (P = 0.048, r = 0.385) and between economic violence and placental abruption (P = 0.040, r = 0.391). Also, there was a significant relationship between vaginal bleeding and sexual violence (P = 0.022). Educational level significantly and inversely correlated with economic (r = -0.21) and physical (r = -0.19) violence.

The results of this study indicated that intimate partner violence was commonplace during pregnancy and affected neonatal and maternal outcomes. It is suggested to implement educational programs for healthcare workers and screen all pregnant women for exposure to intimate partner violence to reduce maternal and neonatal complications.

The emergence and advancement of new communication technologies in the present era along with the developments that have occurred in cyberspace have caused many of the functions of families to get impaired and threatened. In the subjects of damage to the family institution, one of the important themes is the study of the damages of family developments. Developments those themselves are the source of profound and fundamental changes in the type of relationships and family values. Many of these changes are imposed on the family from the outside. Since the entrance of the Internet, despite all its merits and benefits, it has imposed some concerns and concerns on families. A subject that is not limited to a particular community or minority in all societies. Due to the special features of cyberspace and because this phenomenon is new, many parents have not gained the opportunity, possibility or ability to accurately understand this space and its applications And their lack of proper familiarity with this space and against the everyday use of teenagers and young people and even children from this space has caused a private and private space indoors for children, and they have accessed various sites in this space without any concern and without feeling the presence of an external observer, and sometimes due to their age and personality characteristics and curiosities affected by unhealthy spaces. Therefore, this important issue has been discussed in this study.

The insecurity of Iran's western borders during the Qajar era had various factors, and religious prejudices were one of the reasons for the instability of Iran and Ottoman border areas. The aim of this research is to identify the religious contexts that cause crisis in the western borders of Iran, and the article, using the method of "historical description" and "documents", seeks to answer this question: What effect did religious beliefs have on the occurrence of insecurity and instability in the border areas between Iran and the Ottoman Empire? It is assumed that two groups of factors caused these unrests: firstly, local factors whose political and religious dimensions were reflected in Iran and Ottoman relations, and other external factors that were completely dependent on the actions of the European colonial powers. The findings of the research indicate that: the existence of holy places and the movement of pilgrims have been one of the crisis-causing challenges between Iran and the Ottomans, which led to a war between the two neighbors after the killing of Iraqi Shiites by the Wahhabis. In the meantime, the European countries, on the one hand, by supporting the Wahhabis and on the other hand, by interfering in determining the border lines, did not allow these differences to be completely eradicated.

Today, whatever, organizations try to maintain their capable human resources, they have been able to maintain their human capital and succeed in achieving . The success of any organization depends on the proper allocation and use of tools, equipment, raw materials and human resources in the organization's programs, and this will be possible if organizations can develop the skills, abilities and individual and collective characteristics of their employees. They are used in line with the goals of the organization, so maintaining the human resources of organizations is of particular importance .This research has been done to find the ground and discover the factors of employee maintenance. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the maintenance of staff in the Disciplinary police headquarters of West Azerbaijan province. The method used in this research is a questionnaire tool with the opinions of experts and experts. The statistical population of the research is the experts of the Disciplinary Command Headquarters of the Police Force of West Azerbaijan Province, which consists of 12 experts and was selected as the research sample; Demetel approach has been used to analyze the data. The results showed the motivation criterion, the most effective, and the criterion of attitude to learning is the most impressionable criterion. Also, motivation, organizational commitment and appreciation are also causal, respectively, and their effectiveness is greater than their impressionable. Criteria for leadership skills follow of procedures, development of job reduction programs and attitudes to learning are the most impressionable criterions

International economic sanctions (IES) influence a country’s economic development and the overall welfare of a nation’s population.

An electronic search of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science was conducted until July 31, 2019. Additionally, a list of references to related articles was reviewed. Key search terms were “Economics”, “Health”, “Sanction”, and their equivalents with no language or time restriction.

Totally, 8624 records were identified of which 2869 duplicates were deleted. Finally, 24 papers met the inclusion criteria and were selected for drafting. The number of papers included for evaluating each factor included healthcare (n=16) and pharmaceutical industry (n=10). Nine and eight studies examined the effect of sanctions imposed on Iran and Iraq, respectively. France, Haiti, Serbia, Cuba, Syria, and other areas such as Africa were also evaluated. Sanctions lead to a decrease in immunization rates and government health care expenditures. Sanctions increase infant and under-five mortality rate, road traffic injuries and fatalities, severe malnutrition, infective diseases, neurologic and visual disorders, as well as shortage of medical or dental instruments and a variety of medicines. Sanctions have adverse impacts on female labor and are associated with disabling hospitals, dispersing medical workers, and facilities for radiation therapy.

The health status of sanctioned nations in terms of healthcare, and pharmaceutical industry was adversely affected in targeted countries.

Human resources, including employees and managers, are the most valuable assets of any organization and the mission of the organization should be to provide a good opportunity to grow and increase their productivity. One of the best strategies for manpower training is structural empowerment and training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between structural empowerment and human resource productivity in order to improve human resource productivity. This research was prepared in terms of applied purpose and in terms of descriptive method and in terms of collecting statistics and information in the field with a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study included all managers and senior officers of the command headquarters of West Azerbaijan province and 110 people, 86 of whom were selected as a statistical sample of the research using a simple random sampling method and standard structural empowerment questionnaires with They completed the reliability coefficient of 0.82 and human resource productivity with a reliability coefficient of 0.87. SPSS statistical analysis software was used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a direct and positive relationship between structural empowerment and productivity of human resources in the police headquarters of West Azerbaijan province. The results also indicate a positive and direct relationship between the dimensions of structural empowerment and organizational maturity with the productivity of human resources in the police headquarters of West Azerbaijan province.

In Kerman governments trying to promote of agriculture and taking water and water sharing, have a stable income. Geographers have reported that in Kerman in early Islamic centuries, agriculture prospered and achieved various agricultural product. But trade was booming for lack of proper roads, cities that were far, Natural barriers such as mountains and Government's inability to provide security. Kerman Seljuks changed the economic structure and put your trade on the region's economy. The present article is descriptive-analytical approach and relying on library resources study to Seljuk stance on economic issues and changes in the Seljuk period in the economic structure than ever before appeared Kerman. According to the result achieved which Seljuks features tribal and pastoral damaged agriculture in Kerman but they could earn huge revenue and greatly change the economic model Kerman with take over the trade routes.

Different social classes, each with their own motives, participated in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution.  Workers were one of the emergent classes in Iranian society.  They differed from the old tradesmen and guilds in terms of their participation in production processes and their ownership of the means of production; moreover, they did not resemble their European counterpart because they lived in a tribal context and in a society based on agricultural and livestock economy. Due to the pressure of the ruling class and poverty, many of these workers were forced to leave their home and migrate to more prosperous areas or neighboring countries. They were impressed by the political, social, and economic situation in these areas. Since most of them were seasonal workers, after returning to Iran, they shared what they had observed with their compatriots. The purpose of this article is to explore the contribution of workers in shaping the Iranian constitutional movement. Using a historical methodology, the author tries to address how the working class was formed in Iranian society and what role workers played in the emergence of social modernization. It is proposed that the working class was formed in Iran much later than in European societies, and it constituted only a small section of the productive forces. The awareness of Iranian workers of their political and social rights was influenced more by leftist ideas in the Caucasus than by endogenous causes and industrial development. Therefore, despite its involvement in modernization and the constitutional movement, this spectrum of society could not play its historical role as it did in the great European revolutions in Britain, France, and Russia.    This study shows that before the development of the constitutional movement, some workers participated in the revolutions in the Caucasus and became acquainted with its revolutionary ideas. These workers, in union with other compatriots, joined the Iranian liberation movement and fought against tyranny by distributing leaflets, participating in rallies, and appearing on the battlefields, and thus paved the way for future revolutionary movements.

Indian style poets, especially Saeb Tabrizi, have been very influential in Hazz's sonnets. The most obvious form of the deliberate influence of any poet on the other is to go to the poetry of their poetry and to put poetry on the weight, rhymes and rows of the poems. In only thirty-two sonnets, Sa'eb expresses that he has welcomed Hafez, but has written a total of about thirty sonnets in the land of his sonnets. It is expected that Sa'eb in these poems will be among the ghazal-style loyalties imitated by Hafez and Indian style in walking, but this is not the case, and each of these ghosls has a relatively odd way that is different from the rest, and of course, Hafez's sonnets have something to say, closer to the features of the personal style of Saeb and Indian style. The present article examines the style of six ghazals that Saeb has expressed in the sermon of the famous sonnets "If This Left Shirazi Has Delivered Us", by showing that the intellectual, linguistic and literary features of that ghazal of Hafez And then the features of it will examine six sonnets and their similarities and differences with the Hafez sonnets. The differences in these appearances also reflect the diversity in the style of the welcoming and portrayal of the Indian poet.

The financial decisions made by students during the student period have a great impact on their financial situation after graduating from university. Also, the financial position of students in the university can affect their academic performance and affect their ability to complete the university course. This study sought to examine the knowledge, attitude and financial behavior in students' literacy.

This study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study was Malayer University students in three bachelors, masters and doctoral degrees in the academic year of 2018-19, of which 415 samples were selected by staged classification method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software at a significance level of 0.05 using Spearman correlation tests and logistic regression, UM Man Whitney and Croscalwalis.

The results of the relationship between knowledge with financial attitude and attitude with financial behavior had a positive correlation and these dimensions have a direct effect on the level of students' financial literacy. The influence of gender was also confirmed as a factor of differentiation in the level of literacy and in the dimensions of students' knowledge and financial behavior (P <0.001).

Based on the results, there is a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude, as well as attitude and behavior, but there was no correlation between knowledge and financial behavior. These results suggest that financial knowledge alone cannot improve students' financial behavior

Territory of Digiche Environmental Assessment Plan for warm water culture in Geographic Coordinates ″ 49 ″ 55 ° 54 ″ 14 ′ 56 ° 54 East Longitude and ′ 7 ′15 ° 37 ″ 48 ′ 19 ° North Width Gonbad Kavous city (Golestan province) is located. The number of ponds exceeds 47 with a total area of over 380 ha with a net surface of about 324 ha, including carp farming. Implementation of the project will result in various changes and impacts on environmental resources (physical, biological, social, economic and cultural), so understanding how these effects are created will help to prevent or reduce these negative effects. The Leopold Matrix along with a checklist has been used to assess the environmental impacts of the Digiche area design. Using the above method, the effects of each of the construction and operation phases are predicted based on the matrix of activities and their effects. Based on the results, the construction phase (-46) has a negative score and the exploitation phase (+10) has a positive score on the physical environment and the construction phase (-29) has a negative score and the operational phase (+13) has a positive score on the biological environment also, the construction phase (+ 137) has a positive score and the operational phase (+ 327) has a positive score on the social, economic and cultural environment. Therefore, the implementation of modernization and optimization of other fishery systems has some adverse effects on the environment, but it seems that considering management strategies to mitigate the negative effects of the project on the environment, implementation of management plan and environmental monitoring and considering the positive impacts of the project on the area, the overall implementation of the project has positive and beneficial consequences for the local people, fishermen and fish farmers in the area. Also improved by implementing problems such as water scarcity due to loss of water in the canals, overall status of fish farming activity in the area, migration from rural areas to urban areas, lack of employment and consequently lower income and welfare of the people. There will be a positive trend. Therefore, implementation of the project is recommended and emphasized with regard to environmental measures.

Trade relations between the two countries during Qajar period until the end of the last years of Mozaffar al-Din Shah (1896-1907) are studied to explore the impact of imports on the economy of Iran. Method and Research Design: Data was collected and analyzed from library resources and archival records of the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Tehran. Findings and Conclusion: A wide variety of goods was traded between the two countries. European products imported from India into the Iranian market led to the closure of many newly established industries of Iran. However, as the result of such imports, Iranians became familiar with modern agricultural and industrial technologies as some government officials sought to import such technologies to the country.

Assessing students' satisfaction with the quality of academic services is very important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate students' satisfaction with the quality of educational, research, student, financial and university support services. The research method was descriptivecross-sectional. The sample of this study was 419 students of Malayer University selected through multistage cluster sampling. To collect the data, Satisfaction Quality Questionnaire of Standard Services (Jafari Rad et al., 1393) was used to analyze the data. Chi-square, Yu Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon statistical tests were used to analyze the data. used. The results showed that students' satisfaction with appropriate educational services and inappropriate and generally unsatisfactory in research, student, and administrative services was moderate and low; undergraduate students had a lower degree of mastery than doctoral and lower satisfaction than university services. However, there was no significant difference in the level of satisfaction of students in terms of gender. Therefore, it is suggested that the quality of academic services should be evaluated according to the students' viewpoint and plans to improve the quality of university services, especially research, student and administrative services in this regard.

The presence of Russia remarkably increased in Central Asia in the 19th Century. This presence not only led Iran to be exposed to invasion but also created the challenges for the relations between Russia and England. The available studies, related to the relations between Russia and England, mainly discuss about the military events; however, the diplomacy of Russia is scarcely targeted. This study endeavors to present a new analysis of Russia's military and political policies in Central Asia with its effects. In fact, such study aims to determine precisely the foreign policy of Russia in Central Asia based on primary resources, treaties and historical correspondences with descriptive – analytical approach. Therefore, the main questions of such study are: How could Russia impose its sovereignty on the districts of East Caspian Sea? What were the reactions of Iran and England against Russia's policies? It is assumed that the military actions of Russia had not been the sole concern of Russia and the authorities of Russia had a considerable role in Russia's progress. The outcome of this research demonstrates that not only the colonial rivalries between Russia and England had effected on political geography of Caspian Sea's coasts but also Russia employed effective means such as economical relations, political methods, field studies, informational influence and military actions to maintain its sovereignty on Central Asia totally.

At the beginning of the Qajar government Balochistan was caught in the chaos caused by the conflict of local Khans. A large part of this region that has always been a part of the historical geography of Iran finally broke through the intervention of the United Kingdom. The researcher is trying to find an appropriate response to the question whether at the beginning of the Qajar rule could they consolidate the central government in Balochistan? Another question is during the reign of Fath Ali Shah and Mohammad Ali Shah who had a role in the political scene of the government? The assumption is that local conflicts in Balochistan that were rooted in the middle history of Iran, did not give the chance of consolidation of Iranian sovereignty over the region after the collapse of the Safavid and Afshari Dynasty, and the British government also tried to take the advantage of the political uncertainty for its the imperial greed. The present study by using “historical descript and analyses” method shows that Balochestan was the center of different unrests at the beginning of the Qajar period, and the British government tried to use the opportunity to increase the chaos with sectarian. Qajar because of the conflict with Russia and the UK government and the incompetence of some officials failed to fully establish Iran's sovereignty over these areas.

One of the challenges with which the post-Constitutional Revolution governments faced was establishing security and fixing national sovereignty. The revolutionaries did not trust the military forces of previous dictatorship and their inefficiency, particularly after Mohammad Ali Shah's coup, made it inevitable to revisit military-security forces. By reassessment of the reasons for formation of gendarmerie, this article tries to respond the following questions by using descriptive-historical method and referring to first-hand documents and sources: What were the factors of emerging gendarmerie in Iran? What was the background for formation of Iranian modern army? The results of the study indicate that due to the emergence of many insecurities in different parts of Iran after the Constitutional Revolution and the existence of some factors that made it difficult to raise taxes, the Iranian Parliament decided to vote for the formation of a military force in order to provide political stability and assure tax revenues, that in turn, culminated in many developments in future. Formed by the European officers and methods in Iran, gendarmerie was not only a prompt need of Iranians for establishing security but also provided the background for establishing Iranian modern army through impacting the structure of forces remained from dictatorship era.

Indian people's struggle against the British took different forms. One of the Indian Muslims’ measures to avoid cultural invasion of the colonialism was foundation of religious schools.The purpose of the present paper is to establish familiarity with the Deobandi School and its influence on Iranian Baluchistan.Therefore, by using descriptive – analytical method and taking advantage of original sources in Urdu, Arabic and Persian, we have attempted to illustrate the historical context of the Deobandi School of Thought.The given historical period begins from the early 19th century and extends to the recent decades.The question is that: Have religious schools in Baluchestan been influenced by Indian Deobandi School of Thought? And what have pioneer founders of Deobandi Schools in Baluchistan done in this regard?The assumption is that educational reforms in Baluchistan have been formed under the influence of Deobandi thinking, and this trend has continued since then.The study showed that Iranian Baluch students who returned to Baluchistan after being educated in Indian Deobandi School caused changes in religious schools and in the currents of thought in Baluchistan, and the current propagation groups conduct their activities, inspired by Deobandi Dar-ul Olum pattern.

With the beginning of Qajar period, the competition between European powers for acquiring world resources increased, and inevitably, Iran was also dragged into the political circle of the world. British settlements in India and the expansionist policies of Russia and France (the most important colonial competitors of Britain) opened a new chapter in Indo-Iran relations and for a few decades transformed the Indian sub-continent into the main centre of Iran’s relations with Europe. Iran, situated in the neighborhood of India, augmented the greed of Russia and France on the one hand by encouraging them to establish political relations with Iran, while on the other hand, it convinced the British to pursue a more active diplomacy towards Iran. The revolt of Indian people against the British under the leadership of Tipu Sultan, the support of Afghan Emir, Zaman Shah, for this revolt and the French attempt to instigate Iran in the matter related to the developments in India made the political situation of southwest Asia more complex. In this article various aspects of Iran’s relations with the British government in India have been assessed.

The matter of Iran's governing over the Eastern states faced many obstacles caused by the death of Nader Shah, the formation of the Dorrani's dynasty in Afghanistan and the occupation of the these regions such as Sistan by Ahmadkhan Abdali Dorrani in 1774. After the murder of Nader Shah, Iran's central government became weak which resulted in the extension of fragmented systems in Iran. The struggles of Nader's successor and the Zands family helped this significantly. This motivated Sistan's governors in continuing to establish tighter relations with Abdali, the ruler of Afghanestan, their semi-independent life were compromised during this period. These governors centralized their power according to political situations. In order to prevent internal and external threats from the Afghan rulers either they received protection from the Afghani central government or they paid taxes and tolls to survive. The matter of Sistan's state changed into the most difficult problem that the newly established Qajar dynasty faced. At first the Qajarid's attempted to solve their internal and external problems so that later they could extend their power over Sistan. This paper aims to discuss the matter of Sistan's governors from the beginning of the establishment of the Qajar dynasty up to the obedience of the central government by Alikhan Sarabandi during the reign of Naser al-Din Shah.