mohammad reza hafez niya

Conception or apprehenssion of countries geopolitics toward geographical spaces is among relevant discourses in political geography and geopoletics.Geographical spaces having diverse value and resourses shows natural and functional of divrse conception to countries and political actors. Mental conception of actors and countries fromenvironment and the way of its apprehension has major role in decision and their behavour. Geographical spaces and places appears as understood values fromcountries, nations and political actors and finds political meaning and certain desirability for them. Geographical values finding certain desirability possesed geopolitical nature. These values have no stability and according to different condition during times will be changed. Governments and staes as the great political actors shape their policy,politics and habitual patterns toward other geographical spaces according geographical conceptions and undestood apportunities and threats and create differen habitual patterns like interaction, convergence, contest, conflict and so on. By studying the specialist views of political geography science can say the important factors and resourses influencing geopolitical conception among country relationship including value and resourses distinguished with geographical and regional nature. This study bydescriptional-analitical approach tries to detemine these imporatan values with geographical and regional of fourfold dimentions like natural, economical, social-cultural and political-military bases in habitual model.

Life and security are natural human rights that the basis of other human rights and fundamental freedoms. Security as a fundamental condition of human life is understandable in all places of the world and the constitutions of countries. Security moved away from the traditional aspects such as the physical and military dimensions and it encompasses more features of human life. In the meantime, sustainable citizen security is a new concept that, while having the previous dimensions, encompasses various aspects and is directly related to human quality of life and dignity. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors that contribute to sustainable citizen security. The main issue of this research is to identify the factors and indicators which lead to shape sustainable citizen security and then distinguish synergistic relationship between the factors by using of interpretative structural modeling. This research in terms of purpose is an applied one and in order to obtain information, descriptive and library method is used. Factors affecting the formation of sustainable citizen security have been determined based on reviewing previous international literature and documents as well as interviews with experts. Then by using of ISM methodology, the relationships between factors was analyzed. Finally, the factors were analyzed with regard to their effectiveness and impact on other factors via MICMAC analysis. The results show that political and economic factors are the main drivers in the formation of sustainable citizen security and any action to create and improve sustainable citizen security requires to reform in these two factors. Linkage factors including social, health, dietary, and environmental ones also play a vital role in this system. The personal factor in this system is passive and is influenced by other factors in relation to the concept of sustainable citizen security.

geopolitical capacities dose a more effective role in developments in the region devel-opment. The main objective of this study is to identify the most important Turkmeni-stan's geopolitical factors affecting on the Islamic Republic of Irans defensive strategy condification that uses descriptive, analytic applications, the questionnaires set in two stages and the sample of 92 people offering and using SPSS software to process data is sent. Statistical analysis of the Cronbach alpha coefficient carcass, KS and Friedman test was used to study the theoretical and Mhyt¬Shnasy to recognized Turkmenistan's geo-political factors and continue with field studies and obtaining the opinion of the elite in the development and action and do something to change the geopolitical factors men-tioned in 58 operating areas of sextet(physical, human, economic, domestic and interna-tional political and military) and recognized based on the conceptual model of supply and to obtain community Statistical and was designed in the form of a questionnaire. On the question of research, the most important factors affecting the development of Turk-menistan's geopolitical defensive strategy Islamic Republic of Iran are there? Resulting in a factor 58 in six areas based on the degree of importance and the ratings were con-firmed.

Geographical space and space values play an important role in the behavior of countries and create different behavioral patterns such as cooperation, interaction, competition and disputation. This research is intended to examine the role of geographical space of Central Asia in Powers Rivalry. The research methodology adopted is descriptive- analytic and the data- gathering procedure is library and field finding. The finding of the current research based on library and field finding reveals that the geographical space of Central Asia and the values of this space are influential in the rivalry of powers in this region. The most important geographical values which are the subject of rivalry are: Geographical Situation, Energy Resources, Energy Transmission Lines, Human Structure and the Consumption Market of Central Asia.

In 1985-86, the European office of World Health Organization (WHO) proposed the health promotion program under the theme “Healthy Cities Projects”. With the aim of securing individual and collective welfare, the staffs of healthy city in Tehran also began their official activities at 13th Aban Street at Rey (Tehran’s 20th municipal district) along with community participation and intersectoral coordination. Since, the “Healthy Cities Projects”, emphasised on intersectoral coordination, self-awareness and community participation; the issue of the current research is whether or not there is any specific difference of opinion among people and officials regarding this project? For this purpose, people’s viewpoints on the activities was conducted through 424 samples from 13th Aban Street coincidentally with 46 officials of the “Healthy Cities Projects” and thus analytical study was carried out keeping in view level of differences between people and officials of “Healthy Cities Projects” and their viewpoints regarding community participation in the physical and mental health, individual security, environment and utmost to sports and training. The results indicate that with reference to the satisfaction level on “Healthy Cities Projects”, there isnt a significant difference between people's and officials viewpointsBut, with respect to their viewpoints about the level of community participation, there exists significant differences between people's and officials viewpoints in the fields of “Healthy Cities Projects” physical and mental health, individual and social safety, environment and utmost sportive and educational activities. The obtained results from officials, therefore, are more than those obtained from people.