فهرست مطالب mohammad reza mohammadi

The necessity of using ozonated oil and water for treating infections such as gonorrhea and meningitis which their treatment by common antibiotics is sometimes difficult and it is becoming more apparent every day.  In this study, the antibacterial effect of ozonated oil and water against Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) and N. meningitidis were investigated using Broth microdilution methods at zero, 24 and 48 hours after incubation at 37°C. The results were determined by culturing bacteria on their specific culture medium and using an ELISA reader to determine minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC, respectively). The results showed that ozonated oil with PI=500 had an expressive effect on N. meningitidis. The concentration of 0.09PI was determined as MIC and the concentration of 0.19PI was determined as MBC. The ozonated oil with PI=1000 had an expressive effect on N. gonorrhoeae. The concentration of 3.12 PI was determined as MIC and the concentration of 6.25 PI was determined as MBC. Ozonated water containing 2.5 mg/L of ozone had no significant antimicrobial effect on the studied bacterial species. The results of this study showed that ozonation of oil may improve its chemical properties. In addition, by increasing the incubation time to 24 hours, ozonated oil showed a favorable antibacterial effect against N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis.

There is no doubt that with the normalization of relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia after a long period of tension, one of the most key results of this agreement, that is, its impact on the security relations between Iran and the Arab world, and at the center of it, Iran and the Persian Gulf, is of particular importance. will be. Yemen, Lebanon, Syria and Iraq, during the past years, have always been the scene of indirect confrontation between these two regional powers. But the question is, what is the reason for these tensions? What effect has the agreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia had on the continuation of this cold war, and more importantly, what effect will this informal understanding have on the economic, political and security-military dimensions of Iran and other Persian Gulf countries? Some believe that the tensions between the two countries are caused by the endangerment of the oil-economic interests of these countries, some believe that this fear is caused by the possible increase of Iran's influence in the region, and in the opinion of others, the Arabs are worried about America's tendency towards Iran and perhaps attention less the United States to them. But perhaps these reactions can be explained in the form of defensive realism and according to "Taliaferro" one of its four main assumptions, i.e., the "security enigma", by means of which, every action of a government to increase its security, on the part of governments The competitor is considered as a hostile action. The following article tries to answer this question by assuming that the agreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia, as a factor that caused the security puzzle in the relations between the Arab world and Iran, both before and after it was achieved.

Investigating multidrug resistance and TEM and SHV broad-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infections is very useful to improve the treatment of infection and prevent the failure of treatment of urinary tract infections.The aim of this study was to investigate multidrug resistance and TEM and SHV broad-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infections.

In this study, 188 strains of Escherichia coli, which cause urinary tract infections in Alborz province, were studied. Urine samples were cultured on EMB and Blood Agar media. Differential tests were performed for final identification. ESBL-producing strains were identified, PCR was performed to survey the abundance of ESBL-producing genes.

Based on the results of the disk diffusion and Double-disk synergy testS, 82 (43.6%) strains were determined as the final producer of ESBL. out of these isolates, the frequency of SHV, TEM, and CTX genes measured 64.3%, 55.9%, and 21.4%, respectively. These results showed that 12 (14.28%) of Escherichia coli isolated have all genes, 26 (30.95%) had 2 genes and 36 (42.85%) had one gene.

According to the results, it was found that imipenem with the lowest resistance is the best drug in the treatment, and carbapenems are the best drug for treating diseases caused by Escherichia coli. The results of the current study may be useful in replacing ESBL enzyme resistance screening with more modern sensitivity measurement methods such as MIC and Etest.

Christianity emerged six centuries before Islam by Christ in Palestine, and Christians gradually dispersed in the Arabian Peninsula. Considering the monotheistic background of Christianity, the inevitable contact of Muslims with Christians and the emergence of Islam as the last Abrahamic religion in Ḥijāz, it was unavoidable to confront and discuss Christianity and its followers in the Quran. During his prophet hood, Muhammad dealt with Christians based on the teachings of the Qur'an and the concept arising from the verses related to Christianity and Christians, and in the type of communication with Christians, depending on the time and place, measures from dialogue to confrontation such as migration to Abyssinia, Individual and group discussions with Christians, communication with Christian rulers through letter writing, peace treaty with Christian tribes or military treatment with them. These measures are in the framework of the concept presented in the Quran. In this article, an attempt has been made to achieve the Prophet's reading of Christianity and Christians and the formed concept of the prophetic life about Christianity and Christians by using the method of historical context and Conceptual History taking into mentioned reports about interactions, conversations, and encounters.

At least in some individuals, the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) appears to be significantly influenced by neuroinflammation. Microglia, which are situated within the brain, represent a type of immune cell that exhibits the capability to transform into a reactive state in response to inflammatory attacks. This unique ability substantiates the critical role microglia play in the initial stages of neuroinflammation. Empirical studies have revealed that microglia are proficient in discerning infections or damaged cells, thereby instigating a cytotoxic response that exacerbates the damage inflicted on brain cells. However, microglia display a wide range of reactions to injury and may potentially contribute to the process of recuperation and the reinstatement of impaired tissues. It is possible that changing the phenotype of microglia through the regulation of inflammatory pathways is essential in order to harness neuroinflammation in MDD. This study examines potential new treatment paths for modulating neuroinflammation in brain disorders by analyzing canonical proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic mechanisms in microglia.  the primary focus is on the major depressive disorder (MDD), but will also discuss other brain diseases.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common infectious bacterial species and one of the agents of community-acquired infections (CAIs) and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Aminoglycosides are potent antibactericidal agents often used together with Beta Lactams or Glycopeptides, especially in treating Staphylococcal endocarditis. The present research aimed to determine the frequency of the aac (6 ́)-le-aph (2 ́ ́) gene that encodes Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes using PCR on clinical isolates of S. aureus. 115 clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected at educational hospitals in Karaj during 12 months. They were first identified by using standard biochemical and laboratory methods and, following CLSI principles and procedures, antibiotic sensitivity patterns of all isolates were obtained using the disc diffusion method. Moreover, using agar dilution, the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the antibiotic powder Gentamycin. Finally, gene frequency was measured by employing PCR. The highest levels of resistance to Aminoglycosides were observed in Kanamycin (47.8%), Gentamycin (46.9%), and Tobramycin (46.9%), and Doxycycline and Ciprofloxacin with 50.4 and 49.5 percent respectively, were the non-Aminoglycoside antibiotics to which the highest levels of resistance were exhibited. The frequency of the aac (6 ́)-le-aph (2 ́ ́) gene was 39.1 percent. Rapid and timely detection of resistant strains seems to be necessary in selecting suitable treatment options and in preventing the spread of resistance. Furthermore, rapid identification of genes that encode AME enzymes using PCR enjoys special advantages such as high levels of precision and speed.

There is a global threat of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus or MRSA), which has been regarded as a priority pathogen by the world health organization (WHO). Livestock and its products are the sources of MRSA which can often occur in poor breeding conditions. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of MRSA and the rate of antibiotic residue in pasteurized and raw farm milk.

This was a cross-sectional study conducted from April to July 2020. 250 samples (200 samples of raw milk in farms around Tehran and 50 samples of pasteurized milk) were cultured to evaluate the occurrence of S. aureus and its antimicrobial susceptibility profile to 7 antimicrobial panels. Hansen Kit was used to monitor antibiotic residue in milk.

63 S. aureus isolates (25.2%) were detected from 250 milk samples. Among 200 raw milk samples, 48 (24%) S. aureus isolates were detected and no strain of S. aureus was isolated from pasteurized milk. The highest rates of resistance belonged to ampicillin (95.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (87.5%), tetracycline (50%), and cefoxitin (45.8%). Moreover, 43 (17.2%) out of 250 milk samples had antibiotic residue in the antibiotic residue test using Danish Hansen kit.

The present study indicates a high prevalence of subclinical S. aureus in dairy herds in Tehran, Iran. The milk contaminated with S. aureus and MRSA, posed a risk to public health owing to the presence of a phenotype resistant to very common antibiotics

Considering that personality disorders and parents' social capital are two important factors that can affect the social health of children and adolescents, therefore, the present study aims to examine the relationship between personality disorders and parents' social capital with the social health of children and adolescents in Yazd.

This is a descriptive_ correlational study that was done in the province of Yazd in which 1035 children and adolescents between the ages of 6 to 18 participated. These participants were selected on the base of multi-stage random cluster sampling. The social capital questionnaire and parents' personality disorders (Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory - Third Edition (MCMI-III) which parents completed and the lifestyle questionnaire was completed by children and adolescents. Data analysis was done by applying descriptive statistics and calculation of odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval.

A total of 1035 parents children and adolescents were enrolled, participants (44.1%) were males and (55.9%) were females. Millon's test of fathers demonstrates a significant correlation with the average scores of structural social capital, cognitive social capital, communicative social capital, and total social capital (P-value < 0.001). Millon’s test of fathers had a significant relationship with total social capital in all age groups (P-value < 0.05). On the other hand, Millon’s test of mothers had a significant relationship with total social capital in fathers aged 19-34 years (P-value < 0.001).

Family social capital improves children and adolescent’s social health. Consequently, caregivers have a significant impact on the social and psychological well-being of young individuals. Enhancing the level of social capital and promoting mutual understanding among parents is imperative to achieve this goal. It is necessary to strengthen the level of social capital,  and mutual understanding between parents. In addition, it can be suggested to pay more attention to the psychological characteristics of parents in the process of diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of children and adolescents.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is a virus in the coronaviridae, has caused a global pandemic with various symptoms and complications. Among the groups affected by this virus are individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the primary central nervous system (CNS). Understanding coronavirus disease 2019’s (COVID-19) impact on MS patients is crucial for optimizing patient management and developing targeted therapies due to the challenges it presents.

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the respiratory and neurology symptoms of COVID-19 in patients with MS in comparison to the non-infected group. Furthermore, this study examined how age and gender might affect the symptoms of contracting COVID-19 and the mortality rate in patients with MS.

The data were collected from six hospitals within the Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD) between March 2020 and July 2021. A total of 63 individuals diagnosed with MS were examined, with 30 testing positive for both COVID-19 and MS; however, 33 individuals were positive only for MS. These individuals had presented at the hospital experiencing respiratory symptoms, including rhinorrhea, difficulty breathing, and cough. Various clinical aspects were evaluated, including age, gender, and the presence of COVID-19 symptoms. Statistical analyses included the Mann-Whitney t-test, Fisher’s exact test, and odds ratio calculations using SPSS-27 and R 4.2.3.

The study encompassed 63 MS patients, with 29 (46%) and 34 (54%) males and females, respectively. Of these patients, 30 individuals were positive for COVID-19. Most subjects were from Tehran province, Iran. Patients in the case group were significantly younger than those in the control group. Notably, dizziness, breath shortness, and vomiting were significantly more prevalent in MS patients following COVID-19.

This study highlights the distinct clinical presentation of COVID-19 in individuals with MS. Dizziness, breath shortness, vomiting, and increased mortality were significantly associated with MS patients with COVID-19. The aforementioned findings underscore the importance of tailored management strategies for this unique patient population following the disease.

COVID-19 had a destructive effect on human’s life. People with COVID-19 experienced high levels of depression, anxiety, and low Quality of Life (QOL). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the cognitive-behavioral intervention package on reducing stress, depression, and anxiety, as well as improving the QOL of patients with COVID-19.

In this randomized controlled trial, 60 patients with COVID-19 who entered the isolation ward were included and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group entered the intervention sessions once a week for 45 minutes for eight consecutive weeks. The intervention consisted of 8 sessions of CBT which was implemented for the experimental group. Patients in the control group received routine care during this period. DASS21, the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and WHO-QOL were used to measure patients’ mental health and QOL. Data analysis was performed with ANCOVA using SPSS24 software.

There was no significant difference between groups in terms of DASS21, SCL-90 and QOL before intervention (p<0.05). After intervention, depression symptom and QOL were significantly improved in the experimental group compared to control group (p< 0.05). Accordingly, the findings stated the session of intervention was effective in improving the QOL (p<0.05) and mental illnesses (p<0.05) in patients with COVID-19.

Our designed cognitive-behavioral intervention package can enhance the awareness and mental health of patients with COVID-19. This package as an auxiliary treatment can reduce anxiety/depression and improve QOL in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, our intervention package can serve as a useful solution for clinical settings to reduce mental health problems during crisis.

Intraoperative fluoroscopy systems are widely used nowadays, where their use allows a shorter duration of procedure time and better anatomical localization. The current study aims to investigate the most common challenges of C-arm fluoroscopy systems application.

This mixed-method study was carried out in February and March 2022. After the literature review, a qualitative study was designed using semi-structured interviews to find important themes and subthemes required to design a web survey. The web survey was completed by the Persian Orthopedic Trauma Association (POTA) event’s international presenters.  

Nine orthopedic surgeons participated in interviews and 27 participants filled out the questionnaires. Five main themes including Physical Aspect, Mechanical Aspect, Software Options, Image Quality, and Radiation Exposure were extracted. Generally, over 80% of the web survey participants agreed that the size and shape of the base of C-arm fluoroscopy systems, C-arm diameter (space between tube and detector), and maneuvering and positioning of the C-arm fluoroscopy systems can interfere with surgical procedures. 100% of the participants agreed that providing two different views (e.g., AP and lateral) from the surgical site with one shot can be beneficial. The effectiveness of real-time visualization of radiation exposure on exposure rate was acknowledged by more than 92% of the participants.  

Although the C-arm fluoroscopy systems are widely used in surgical procedures, there are considerable issues regarding the application of this imaging modality in the operation room, and medical equipment companies should pay more attention to these issues to facilitate the use of these systems.

Psychosis is one of the most vital disorders in children and youths. The definite pathophysiology of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in the growth period has remained ambiguous. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the predictive value of parental psychiatric disorders and the mediator role of comorbid disorders of children and youths.

The sample, consisting of 29884 individuals aged between 6 to 18 years old from the Iranian population, were selected by multistage cluster sampling during September 22, 2016 to January 3, 2018. Parents were requested to complete a survey around their potential psychiatric disorders, based on their Millon’s Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). The Semi-Structured Interview (Kiddie-SADS-Present, Lifetime Form (K-SADS-PL)) was utilized to analyze psychiatric disorders concurring to the DSM.

The fit indices of the model show that the research model has a good fit and the psychiatric disorders of parents directly and indirectly through comorbid disorders are effective on the psychosis symptoms of children and adolescents (RMSEA=0.06, CFI=0.89, PGFI=0.75, PNFI=0.75).The incidence of Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Anxiety, Bipolar Spectrum Disorder, PTSD, Schizophrenia Spectrum and Delusional Disorder were statistically higher in parents of psychotic children and adolescents. However, Borderline Personality Disorder was more frequent among their mothers while Alcohol Dependency and Drug Dependency were significantly more prevalent among their fathers.

The outcomes of our study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of each scale assessed by Millon’s inventory between parents of psychotic versus non-psychotic pediatric cases. In addition, psychiatric disorders were more common among children and youths with psychosis spectrum in comparison with the general population.

The most important hypothesis of this research was based on the fact that the mechanism of the effect of omega-3 on depression and obesity is formed through its accumulation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), especially in women. Accordingly, we investigated the omega-3 intake and the concurrent stimulation of the DLPFC by tDCS and hypothesized that the synergy of these two treatments can increase the obtained effect size in patients with depression and overweight.

This research was a double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a factorial design consisting of four treatment and control groups. The participants were females with depression and overweight on an outpatient basis. They received 5 ml/day omega-3 syrup (545 mg DHA, 620 mg EPA) or placebo adjunct with 12 sessions sham/tDCS stimulation administered for 3 weeks with anode-left/cathode-right protocol in the prefrontal cortex (1.5 mA, 15 minutes’ stimulation / 15-20 minutes’ rest intervals/one visit per week, 4 stimulations per visit).

tDCS or omega-3 alone did not significantly improve the executive functions, depression, food cravings, and weight in the experimental groups compared to the control group (P > 0.05). However, tDCS adjunct with the omega-3 had a significant and positive effect on improving weight change (P = 0.011; df = 1; F = 1.27; Eta = 0.108) with a power of 0.73 compared to the control group. Furthermore, their interaction led to an improving trend in executive functions and a decreasing trend in food cravings which are clinically important.

tDCS could strengthen the omega-3 mechanisms of effect through stimulating its accumulation site in the brain (i.e., the DLPFC) and the synergistic effects of these two treatments result in weight control as well as an improvement trend in the executive functions and food craving in women.

Foreign policy serves as the guiding compass for countries within the intricate international arena and stands as one of the most critical functions of political systems. The involvement of multiple actors, escalating societal divisions, diverse perceptions of friendly, rival, and adversarial entities, structural ambiguities in international politics, historical legacies, political cultures, internal governance structures—all contribute to the intricacy of formulating and implementing a country’s foreign policy. Consequently, achieving successful foreign policy implementation necessitates building consensus among a broad spectrum of domestic actors and elites, all within the context of an inherently ambiguous global environment.
One of the most critical subjects in the study of countries’ foreign policy is the structure, influencing variables, and decision-making processes. Economic development, as well as the political culture of the actors, which is mostly rooted in their history, affects the way and influence on foreign policy. Hereditary rule or patrimonialism is a term coined by the German sociologist Max Weber. Patrimony comes from the Latin word “pater,” meaning father, and it refers to inherited property or assets passed down from fathers or ancestors.
On the other hand, an issue that has received less attention in Iran is the position and internal structures shaping foreign policy decision-making processes in Saudi Arabia. In this regard, the current research states that foreign policy decisions in the countries of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council, with Saudi Arabia at the head, revolve around three concentrated circles.
 The first circle exclusively includes the head of state, main members of the royal families, close relatives, and political elites. This group encompasses senior positions such as the foreign minister and advisors to the head of state. Neopatrimonialism plays a direct role in shaping the foreign policy decision-making body of the Cooperation Council, particularly concerning the Persian Gulf.
The second group comprises other members of the executive branch, specifically the Council of Ministers. It involves bureaucrats responsible for policy design and implementation. Standard decisions typically follow hierarchical principles, while during crises, the inner circle or the head of government takes charge.
Influences from outside government institutions on foreign policy design are limited. Businessmen and owners of commercial interests, who wield significant influence in foreign policy in some countries, have restricted access to decision-makers. Other institutions of society have limited influence on the design of foreign policy. However, the role of domestic politics over foreign policy in the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council cannot be generally ignored. In the upcoming article, the focus is on unit-level variables, particularly decision-makers comprehension of the internal and external environment. In essence, various internal factors of the system (independent variables) influence decision-makers' understanding - namely, human factors - shaping foreign policy as a dependent variable. This view effectively helps to explain the formation of Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy. The present study believes that the lack of recognition of the political-historical culture of Saudi Arabia has become one of the major challenges for the foreign policy apparatus of the Islamic Republic of Iran when dealing with the regional and international approaches of this country.
The central question of this article is about finding the roots of the formation of Saudi Arabia's foreign policy and the main internal factors influencing it. Previous studies on this topic have often not focused on the decision-making processes within this country. Examining the internal structure of one of the important governments in the region, namely Saudi Arabia, provides a more realistic picture of the country's foreign policy approaches. In this study, to enhance precision and narrow down the research focus, only the structure of power transfer in this country will be discussed in the context of neo-patrimonialism, and the impact of the succession processes on Saudi policy-making will be investigated.
 Accordingly, with the assumption that the adoption of different approaches in the foreign policy of Saudi Arabia is based on the element of the king as the main core of power from the beginning of its formation, it answers the question: What is neopatrimonialism and its impact on the foreign policy of this country? The findings of the research indicate that the reason for adopting different approaches in the foreign policy of Saudi Arabia is related to the power structure in this country, the concepts of identity, succession structure, and political culture, which have been based on the element of the king as the primary core of power since its inception. The behavior of the government in the foreign sphere has always been a function of the status and conditions of the king's power in the political system, succession processes in this country, and its subordinate systems. The research also shows that while the foreign policymakers of the previous generation of Saudi Arabia considered caution, conservatism, and patience important in foreign policy, the transfer of power in the form of neo-patrimonialism to the new generation of Saudi political elites has led to new and aggressive policies.
Saudi Arabia feels insecure and lacks stability in all internal influencing components. At least until King Salman came to power in 2015, Riyadh had always adopted a conservative foreign policy. However, the increase in threats from Riyadh’s point of view prompted Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy to abandon conservatism and embrace a more assertive approach in regional affairs. The seizure of power by Mohammed bin Salman, the Saudi crown prince, further intensified the country’s foreign policy aggressiveness. Saudi Arabia’s involvement in the war in Yemen, interference in the Syrian crisis, and closer ties with China are all indicative of shifts in Saudi foreign policy positions. . Of course, at the same time as the last days of 2021 passed, it seemed that Mohammed bin Salman had a serious will to reverse the trend of hostile and aggressive policies of Saudi Arabia and instead, take a conciliatory process based on several regional initiatives. This issue also serves as an example of a central individual in the foreign policy of Saudi Arabia, which is affected by the structure of neo-patrimonialism in this country. In fact, with a little precision, it can be seen that Alvin Toffler’s theory of power displacement and the three characteristics of power—money, and knowledge—can be appropriately matched with the change of the Ahadi regime in Saudi Arabia.
In this way, Muhammad bin Salman emerged as the first theoretician of the Yemen war, a key figure during the Qatar crisis, and the central tension creator in the Riyadh-Tehran political conflicts. He is also considered one of the most significant supporters of addressing the Syria and Iraq crises, even before assuming the Ahadi governorship.
On the other hand, if we examine Muhammad bin Salman’s economic plans using financial tools, we observe that Saudi Arabia’s Economic Development Document 2030 holds a prominent place among his political measures. As power transitions from traditional monarchs to the young generation symbolized by Mohammed bin Salman, pragmatism within Saudi Arabia has broadened and become more inclusive over the past one or two years. Within this framework, Saudi Arabia’s new foreign policy aims to strike a balance and diversify sources of political and economic support.
It is very important to develop a relationship with China, a country that has been a pioneer in prioritizing economic development in the developing world. Over the past five decades, China has successfully lifted its people out of poverty and hunger, positioning itself on the brink of becoming the world's largest economy. Strengthening relations with China, which both imports oil and provides capital and technology, can indeed play a crucial role in shaping the trajectory of this region.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a neurological condition that often occurs in children.

The purpose of present research was to develop and validate internet neuropsychological training program and investigate its effectiveness on response inhibition and impulsivity of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The program was compiled in a meta-synthesis method from data sources articles within 1982 to 2021 and was approved by professors of clinical psychology and psychiatry, Then, in quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design, 21 children aged 5 to 6 years with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Alborz province in 2022-2023 were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly allocated into the experimental and control groups. The internet neuropsychological training program was held in 16 sessions for children and in 8 sessions for parents. Children's Raven Colored Progressive Matrices scales (1938), the Conners Parent Rating scale (1978) and Go/No go test (1984) were used to collect data. The program was analyzed by thematic analysis and the data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS version 20.

The results showed that the content validity index of the parents' program was 0.87 and the children's program was 1, and the content validity ratio of the parents' program was 1 and the children's program was 0.75. The measured F-values showed significant changes in response inhibition (P<0.01) and impulsivity (P<0.00).

The results of the research showed that the internet neuropsychological training program was effective on impulsivity and response inhibition; Therefore, this program can be used as an effective program in improving response inhibition and impulsivity of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Foodborne diseases are a global problem that is spreading day by day. These diseases are one of the most common causes of death in children and the elderly. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of water and foodborne diseases in Kurdistan province for six months from April to September 2022. Stool samples from patients were collected in the laboratory in a special container containing 10% formalin preservative. 134 stool samples from 28 food outbreaks from Kurdistan province were analyzed for the type of infected bacteria. The research results were analyzed in SPSS-19 software. Among the 28 outbreaks in Kurdistan province during the two seasons of spring and summer, the highest number of outbreaks was in the summer season with 20 and then in the spring season with 8 outbreaks. The dominant age group was children under 10 years (%21) old and people between 20-30 years old, and the dominant gender group was men. The most common clinical symptoms were nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea and non-bloody diarrhea. It is important to know the type of bacteria that cause water and foodborne diseases in reducing outbreaks and treatment costs and applying necessary measures for control and prevention.

The Middle East is one of the sensitive and strategic regions of the world. Huge reserves of energy, seas and communication routes, as well as its large size and large population, have turned this region into a focal region in political and geopolitical equations. Ethnic and religious differences, historical tensions left over from the colonial era, environmental problems and the desire of regional and extra-regional powers to exploit the capacity of the identity forces in order to strengthen their position in geopolitical conflicts, lead to the intensification of this crises. In response to the question: "What is the most important security crisis in the Middle East and where will these crises go until the horizon of 2035?"; the article presents the following hypothesis: "The intersection and entanglement of crises currently in the Middle East, the rise of sub-national and transnational identity forces, economic issues, the structural weakness of the nation-state and finally the geopolitical competition of regional and extra-regional powers, as well as environmental problems, are the main geopolitical crisis of the Middle East, which some of they will be intensified in the next 15 years." The method of this research is quantitative-qualitative.

Micronutrient interventions for Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity (ADHD) could be helpful. We used a naturally processed whole wheat grains supplement containing higher doses of micronutrients named Nutrition Bio Shield (NBS). We aimed to determine its effects on ADHD symptoms in adults. 

Fifty-two medication-free adults with ADHD were randomly assigned to receive 5 g of NBS supplement or placebo daily for eight weeks. 

Twenty-three participants in the NBS group and 24 participants in the placebo group completed the study. After 8 weeks, compared with the placebo, the ADHD scores significantly decreased (mean difference 95%CI): -4.9 (-8.6 to -1.1); p=0.01; Cohen’s d=0.74), and quality of life significantly improved (mean difference 95%CI): 5.6 (0.12 to 11.3); p=0.04; Cohen’s d=0.59) in the NBS group. The observed side effects were minimal and did not differ statistically between groups. 

Quality of life increased during consumption of the NBS supplement, compared to the placebo. However, despite the statistically significant findings, these changes in ADHD symptoms were small and the clinical significance may be low (about 5%).

Lawfare is a strategy of misusing law as a tool to achieve national and security interests which pursues the goals of an armed conflict without resorting to force. The lawfare actor misuses the existing gaps in international law to inflict the most damage to the targeted party, while there is no specific legal system to confront these actions. In lawfare, the rule of law is distorted. The complexities of lawfare have given the initiative to strong states that have appropriate legal infrastructures. In this way, the United States has been able to misuse this tool to put pressure on Iran and reach its hostile goals. The study of the US approach and practice towards the lawfare against Iran is the subject of this article. Recognizing the US practice in this regard shows that Iran has been the target of the most difficult lawfare that has been pursued through international institutions and also using domestic various strategies and initiatives.

This study aims to investigate the role of Iran's geopolitical power in aligning and normalizing relations between the United Arab Emirates and Israel. The findings show that Iran's growing power and threats in the Middle East geopolitics over the past decade have played an important role in normalizing UAE-Israel relations. Although the convergence and unification of the two countries have been done for the purpose of power balancing, the UAE, due to the lack of serious and immediate security threats, simply out of concern for Iran's hegemony and growing power in the region, aims to establish a policy of closeness with Israel. This is correlated to the fact that the Zionist regime has felt a severe and immediate security threat due to the increase in regional power, as well as Iran's influence near its borders and the rise of the Resistance Front over the past decade, and thus aimed at creating a balance of threat against Iranian threats, therefore striking alliance with the Gulf states, including the UAE, has become a foreign policy priority.

Organizations today face an unprecedented level of competitive change and challenge that is constantly increasing. The models, methods, and tools used in the past to manage change are valuable tools, but they are not enough to help the organization keep up with internal and external change. One of the newest organizational forms to deal with these changes is the agility of the organization's supply chain. In this regard, the strategic navy of the army in order to achieve its missions and goals aims to develop an agile supply chain in its extensive naval operations. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the factors affecting supply chain agility in Ndaja. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of implementation method. In order to collect information in this research in two phases and interview tools and questionnaires have been used. The statistical population in the first phase of the research is the major commanders and elites in the field of supply chain in the Navy and the qualitative research method (Foundation Data Research) has been used. In the second phase, preparedness experts in the areas and bases of this force are considered. T-test and Friedman test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the six dimensions of process integration, flexibility, sensitivity, improving the level of responsiveness, meeting the need regardless of the volume of need and adapting to fluctuations are effective on supply chain agility .

Protein is an important component of life. Protein modification after translation enriches the diversity of protein, regulates the structure and function of a protein, and participates in more life processes. Recent studies have found that post-translational modifications of proteins can regulate the occurrence and development of tumors. The human immune system should be able to eliminate cancer cells through an acquired immune response executed by T cells. However, clinical detection of cancer cells often results from the failure of immune surveillance. Therefore, relieving immune suppression and restoring antitumor immune response provides the possibility for tumor therapy. Tumor immunotherapy refers to exogenous intervention of the body's immune system, restart and maintain the "tumor-immune" cycle, restore and improve the anti-immune response of the group, strengthen the recognition and killing ability of tumor cells, so as to achieve the therapeutic effect of controlling or even clarifying the tumor specifically. Here, we review current knowledge of the current status of tumor immunotherapy and the types and effects of post-translational modifications of proteins, hoping to improve new ideas for the types of therapies.

In this paper, a non-isolated current-fed high step-up soft-switching converter, is presented. In proposed converter are used of 2-stge switched capacitor and a soft switching active cell. Compared to its high step-up counterpart, the proposed converter has a higher voltage gain. In this converter, an active clamp circuit is used to absorb the energy of leakage inductor, therefore, the ZVS for switches. Also, voltage stresses on the switches are low. In this paper, the operational principle and characteristics of proposed converter are presented, and in order to verify the proposed converter, a 20-400V, 200W prototype converter is simulated and implemented and experimental results are provided.

Personality disorder is a type of mental disorder in which a rigid and unhealthy pattern of thinking, functioning, and behaving may be seen. A person with a personality disorder has trouble perceiving and relating to situations and people. Limited research has been done on the prevalence of personality disorders in Iran. This study aims at investigating the prevalence of personality disorders among males and females between the ages 15 and 65 in Yazd, Iran.

The dataset for this cross-sectional study was extracted from a dataset of a national survey conducted on personality disorders of Iranians. The contents relevant to Yazd City were included here with a sample of 1827 people. Among the participants, 852 males and 975 females answered the personality disorders questionnaire (MILON).

Findings indicated that except histrionic and narcissistic patterns, the high rate of the rest of patterns was greater among females, which indicated that in most cases females significantly suffered higher clinical-related personality disorders. Moreover, personality disorders were more prevalent among females (29.8) compared to males (24.3).

This area requires extensive investigation. More evidence is needed regarding the differential impact of personality disorders regarding men and women in other areas of Iran.

"Islamic Law" is a relatively new concept for Muslims. This concept provides a new formulation of Islamic jurisprudence. One of the main platforms for the formation of this concept is the ideas of the Orientalists. Joseph Schacht is one of the orientalists who has specifically explained what "Islamic law" is. What Schacht has done is the creation of "Islamic law". "Islamic law" in Schacht’s thought is the product of reappraisal of jurisprudence in the framework of historical sociology. The question of the current article is: What challenges does this new formulation face in terms of validity and reliability in explaining jurisprudence? The present article is an attempt to explain the development of this new matter in the three areas of methods, sources and issues in Schacht’s thought (theory, approach and research processes) and a glance at some of its weaknesses in explaining jurisprudence. To seek answers, the present paper has used the descriptive-analytical method.