mohammad shahbaziyan

Palestine" holds a special place in ancient historical texts and sacred religions, and it has been mentioned extensively in reports related to unrest and upheavals. The "Al-Aqsa Storm" has provided a pretext for end-time views to emerge among religious scholars, in addition to political and humanistic perspectives, prompting them to analyze verses and narratives related to this region. Among these, verses from Surah Al-Isra regarding the corruption of the Children of Israel and their punishment, the claim of the Iranians' entry into the land of Palestine on the verge of the appearance, and a report attributed to the Commander of the Faithful with the content of the entry of people from the East to Palestine to destroy Israel have garnered more attention than other matters among religious speakers and those interested in comparativism. This research seeks to clarify the distortions that have taken place in the use of the mentioned verse and previous reports with the "descriptive-analytical" method, illuminating the non-documentary aspect of the reconciliatory approach to the Palestinian issue and its inconsistency with an analysis based on divine traditions. The conclusion of this research is that the verses of Surah Al-Isra and the mentioned narrations do not prove a connection between the liberation of Palestine and the appearance, and the issue of Palestine, like other topics related to the groundwork for the appearance, should be analyzed based on traditions and divine rules.

One of the most important studies about deviant currents is the analysis of the methods and techniques of attracting and managing the use of resources and documents to satisfy the audience of sects. The necessity of dealing with this issue is because being satisfied with the analysis of one deviant sect and current, introduces the society to a specific group and is not effective in analyzing and identifying other currents. In the following analysis, it has been tried to explore the methods of reference to deviant currents and some sects by using the descriptive-analytical method and citing library sources and some sources of deviant groups in cyber space, so that the affected and endangered society can identify the currents and by teaching a few rules, protect itself from their trap. The results of the research suggest that the most important methods in deviant currents are using weak sources, reference to Sunni sources without rules, adherence to weak narratives that are against the certainties of religion, interpretationism, forgery, scansion and distortion

The analysis of Islam and its teachings has a scientific appeal for Orientalists, and especially after the Islamic Revolution of Iran, attention to the teachings of Islam and Imamia grew to the point where some researchers equate the term "Oriental Studies" with "Islamic studies". Of course, the examination of religious teachings requires a method and a style that is called "methodology of religious studies". Eastern scholars seek to use these methods in the analysis of Mahdiism teachings, but in studies of the religion and especially the attitude towards the religious teachings of others, it is necessary to observe their accepted style and principles. In other words, a researcher is obliged to observe minimum standards in researching the teachings of others. The present paper aims to answer these questions with a descriptive-analytical data processing method first, what is the method of Islamic studies in the West? Second, what harm is there in the theories of Orientalists in some teachings of Mahdiism? The authors believe that due to the increase of Islamic studies and Imamiyah in the West, it is necessary to know the method of their studies, and by knowing the harms of the method in Western Islamic studies, it is easy to criticize the views of the Orientalists and then determine that what are the basic problems in analyzing the teachings of Imamiyah from their side? The findings suggest that most of the Orientalists have used the historiography method and their research suffers from damages such as "generalizing an event", "ignoring the validity of texts", " Taking teachings from other people's books", "not mastering the Arabic language", "confusion between Islam and the Muslim community" and "ignoring the rules of taking teachings from religious sources".

Knowledge learning and referring to people of knowledge are two concepts embedded in human nature, which have existed among people in the form of the doctrine of "Ijtihad and Taqlid" since the time of Imams. This is an important matter based on the verses of the Qur'an, hadiths, the lifestyle of the jurists and the intellect, and it is a necessary introduction to the knowledge of religion. Over time, this doctrine has been attacked by deviant currents. With a wrong understanding of the meaning of "Ijtihad", a wrong view of the validation of ancient texts such as al-Kafi, and a lack of correct understanding of the Usul rules, they suspect the invalidity of this doctrine. The authors are seeking to re-examine the claim of contemporary currents in this issue through a descriptive-analytical method and continue to criticize. The findings suggest that what is meant by "reprehensible ijtihad" is the comparison and approval found in Sunni jurisprudence (Fiqh). Considering the writing style and the way of the mujtahids (religious scholars) during the minor occultation era, using the Usul principles is a necessary task and in accordance with the order of the Ahl al-Bayt for the correct understanding of the religion, and the need to examine the narratives in the ancient books has led the Usul scholars to the term ijtihad.

One of the features of divine hujjas is having special knowledge about Imamate, and Shiite theologians and narrators have defined areas for Imam's knowledge. What all Shiites agree on is the Imam's knowledge of what is haram and halal by Allah and the teachings of the Qur'an, among which is the knowledge of the correct recitation of the Qur'an and the grammar of Arabic literature. Meanwhile, false claimants such as Ahmad Ismail Basri, after the scandal in the incorrect recitation of the Qur'an, have tried to deny the necessity of correct recitation of the Qur'an and reject the knowledge of grammar of Arabic literature and have examined some verses and hadiths in this regard. This current study with the combined method of descriptive-analytical data processing, by mentioning the background of such claims, while explaining the claim of this current, has reached the conclusion that first, the knowledge of Quran recitation and knowledge of Arabic literature are the requirements of Imamate claim. Second, the verses claimed by the false claimants about the lack of eloquence of Prophet Moses do not indicate the mistakes of this prophet in the incorrect recitation, but rather is the lack of eloquence in communication. Thirdly, the claimed narrations - which are weak in terms of the document and the sources of narrations - refer to the excesses in Arabic literature and the change in the Qur'an with ijtihads without reason.

The word “Qaem”(The Riser) is one of the most frequent words that is reflected in the Mahdavi traditions. In the periods after the eleven Imams, it can only be applied to the Imam of the Time (A.S). Ahmad Basri movement tries to apply this word mentioned in the traditions to him. With reference to some similar and dissimilar traditions and interpretations, they have tried to prepare the ground for the placement of Ahmad Basri instead of Imam Mahdi (A.S) by creating teachings such as “the first Qaem”, and “the Qaem before the Appearance”, in a way that they consider a huge volume of traditions specific to Imam Mahdi (A.S) to be in honor of him. The following paper, written with a descriptive-analytic method, has criticized the documents of this movement. The reference to weak traditions, the cuts in the traditions, the contradiction of their reasons with the accepted principles are some of the methodical criticisms of them. Most importantly, in the determination of the example, they have only claimed the recognition of the example and applied it to Ahmad Basri, which is a kind of fallacy of irrelevant reason.

The book of “Nour-Al-Anwār” is one of the books written at Qajar era and by a clergyman in Tehran. The book is about Imam Mahdi and one of the main sources for the books of this subject such as “Mazhar-Al-Anwar” by SheykhAbolhasanMarandie, “The Signs of Appearance” by Nazem-Al-Islam Kermānie, and “Waghaye-Al-Zohour” by Abbas-Ali Gourtānie. Beside the strong aspects of the book, there are topics about the signs of appearance written which have no evidence and are originated from the uncommon sayings and wrong perceptions. Thus, it is necessary to correct some of the perceptions’ deviation and their narrations in messianic space which are currently present in the general public. The research follows a descriptive-analytic method and its aim is to investigate the documentaries and reasons of his views (Ali AsgharBoroujerdie) in the field of messianic signs.

This article has been written with the goal of a complete and new research on the narrations about the life of the Mother of the Imam of the Agea.s..After investigating the narrations available in Shai’a and Sunnah authentic sources, and gathering all the historical reports and narrations whether the weak or strong ones, the results of the studies shows that she was of a high merits and spiritual qualifications servant and was the most beloved servant in the house of the Lady Hakimeh Khatoon- the daughter of Imam Javada.s.- and was under direct religious trainings. Also it can be deduced from the sources that the Lady had a special role in defending and protecting the Imam of the Agea.s. and she was alive after the martyrdom of Imam Hasan Al-Askari and lived for more than thirty years. In this article we have not focused on the authenticity of the narrations and have just concentrated on the narrations whether they were opposite the facts in order to find out the chosen view.