mohammad taghi sheikhi

In this paper, we employ a critical approach for studying the informal life and try to offer a comprehensive framework for understanding this phenomenon at the present time. Our main claim in studying this phenomenon is that against the common belief, the informal life is not just a domain issue and it is not possible to assess it by emphasizing geographical domain. It is important the cultural and socio-economic layers of the informal settlements be studied since the reason behind forming the informal settlements maybe at the national and international scales. In this paper, we study our assumption by doing a field study in the Ouzoon Tapeh, Bumehen and try to enrich and modify our conceptual theory. We focus on study of two concepts namely as seizure security and quality of life in a limited geographical domain in order to limit our study. We think that with focusing on the security of seizure and the quality of life which are two of the fundamentals in the informal life, we can precisely assess the aspects of informal life. The results of this research help us to offer a comprehensive theoretical frame for understanding the informal life. In the end of this paper, we also offer some suggestions for further researches. Urban issues are not benign, and they can not be solved simply by technical and engineering methods. Urban issues are very complex, and facing them requires a multi-faceted and equally complex approach.
The issue of social exclusion and space that has been mentioned in titles such as marginalization, informal economics, informal settlements, slumming, problematic textures, worn-out texture, etc. are one of the urban issues that are well understood by the common sense of The concepts of city and space collapse.
We know that, despite the laws, plans, plans and studies that have been carried out over the past decades, we are witnessing the expansion and intensification of social and spatial exclusion. Urban fringes, which are increasingly widespread, are no longer physically marginalized, but can also be seen in urban centers.
Capital accumulation at one point is necessarily accompanied by impoverishment at another point. These are interconnected internally. Consequently, poverty and urban inequality are not phenomena like what we usually know. Poverty and spatial inequality are inevitably the inevitable phase of the capitalist mode of production.
Today, urban issues, as a result of the powerful process of capital, have a decisive role in everyday life of humans. The global urbanization process, as its global trait identifies, is no longer limited to some cities in some countries. Now all countries and cities are involved in this process.
Meanwhile, the growth of urbanization and the fear of its maladaptive phenomena in different areas, especially in large cities, especially in metropolises, has led urban planners to new social orientations and trends, and the need to strengthen social considerations in urban studies has been strengthened further. Made One of these tendencies, which had a tremendous impact on the evolution of the views and methods of urban planning in the second half of the 20th century, was social theory and attention to the quality aspect of development, which today has consolidated its position in terms of quality of life and social welfare .
One of the main goals of addressing the quality of life is to achieve human security in its general sense. The general approach of this research is descriptive-analytic. Research method is library and field. In order to formulate theoretical basis of articles and researches, to introduce the scope of the study, available statistics and documents (statistics in urban plans related to the Ouzoon tapeh neighborhood and population census statistics and housing) and to collect data from the field study area a questionnaire has been used. The questionnaire was developed in the research process based on the goals and theoretical framework. For data analysis, statistical analysis of confirmatory factor analysis (for statistical structuring and determination of superior factors), scaling (for questionnaire items), and Pearson correlation and regression statistical techniques were used. While private-sector private equity is the key provider of housing for most people, government action is needed to support such activities: Providing roads, sewage, water, regionalization controls, public transportation, and environmental standards. Government action also regulates what makes housing: construction standards, health and safety regulations, height restrictions, planning controls. However, the government also intervenes cautiously in regulating the profitable private financing. Now that the political counteraction to housing is in the strongest position and housing and economic conditions are deteriorating, there is an opportunity to cultivate a progressive housing movement that can bring low-income and middle-income tenants and landowners around their shared interest in desirable housing. Unite in affordable and satisfactory neighborhoods ... What we need is a plan that can change the current state of the current debate on housing. A program that challenges the nature of housing commodities and their role in our economic and social system, and demonstrates how the needs of people's legitimate housing can be met through an alternative approach.
The purpose of such an alternative program can be stated as follows: providing affordable housing, with appropriate proportions and desirable quality, with security, and located in a supportive neighborhood for all individuals, along with the recognition of specific housing problems facing oppressed groups Are located.
A second strategy for the commoditization of housing can be an attempt to limit the role of profit in decisions that affect housing, instead of replacing the fundamental principle of social need.
Another point is that the ideological core of the discourse of the new housing policy is that all income groups have their own segments in the housing market.

Self-immolation is the death of a life. It is seen in women who have suffered greatly in life for long years, lost patience totally and found no way out except self-immolation.
The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiologic pattern of women's self-immolation in Ilam Province, Iran during the period 2011-2016.
This was a descriptive study in which data were collected based on the files of women who had immolated themselves during the period 2015-2016 and analyzed using the SPSS software, the statistical tests being descriptive statistics.
A total of 129 women, within the age range 11-95 years (mean 24 years), had immolated themselves during the 5-year period (53.5% in the age group 20-35 years), 73.6% of them being married and 77.5% housewives. The average body surface burn percentage was 70%, the range being 15-99%. Most cases of self-immolation had occurred in autumn and spring, mostly in the afternoon. The most common cause of self-immolation had been reported as unknown (38% of the cases), followed by mental disease and depression (30.2%) and family conflicts (17.1%), specially husband and wife conflicts.
Self-immolation is the unusual ending of a life. Young married women are more likely to get exposed to hardships and confusion in the course of family and community life. Depression is one of the most important causes of suicide, a consequence of issues such as violence and harassment by spouse and family, poverty, deprivation and destitution.

The purpose of this study is to identify the experience of women from one -child with emphasis on its reasons and consequences. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with 20 women with one child over 5 years of age in Shahriar city in 2017. The findings showed single-child experience is synonymous with a process for balancing between the individual domain, such as the mental-physical condition of the mother and the child; the family domain, such as financial position of the family and relations with the spouse, social domains, such as the work environment. Having one - child is the result of delayed marriage and childbearing, avoiding dangers and social harm, feeling the lack of family and social support, The difficulty of balancing work and family and attitudinal changes in the values and goals of childbearing. Despite the benefits of providing more opportunities for the child, having more time for mother and less discussion in the family, one-child is not considered a good model for Iranian families by respondants. In their opinion, the negative consequences of one-child are lesser skills in problem solving, less discretion, excessive independence and dependency, individualism, selfishness, jealousy, shyness, isolation of the child, early parents' loneliness in middle age and aging and early emptying of the family space from children.

The present study assesses the level of satisfaction of migrants’ families to the city of Tehran. It aims to study the effects of social, cultural, life-facility, and attitudinal factors on their levels of satisfaction. In this regard, functional and classical theories of migration were utilized as the theoretical framework of the study. The research population consisted of families who had migrated to Tehran of which 200 migrant families residing in districts three, six, and twelve who had children above ten years of age were studied. Needed data were collected via a questionnaire which had face validity and its reliability was assessed via Cronbach’s Alpha. Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a statistically significant relation between satisfaction of migration and usage of life-facilities (r=0.289) and also between satisfaction of migration and the status of children (r=0.235), meaning that to the extent that migrants could make use of urban facilities and to the extent that the situation of their children had improved, their satisfaction of their decision to come to Tehran was higher.

In this research, the author seeks the common aspects of widohood which women usually face during the later years of their lives. Through thise experience, they lose their previous roles, and eventually new roles emerge. As a result, widows are involved with psychological difficulties, stress, loss of self-confidence, skepticism, etc. Generally speaking, widowhood appears differently in various societies and cultures. The method of research used in this paper is the survey method conducted through exmination of existing literature, questionnaires and interviews. The paper is also seeking to find out how to integrate success, improvement and happiness into the lives of today’s and tomorrow’s widows.