mohammad vazin karimian

The management style that is formed based on the conscious and voluntary participation of employees in order to achieve the goals of the organization is called Participative management. One of the most important issues that hinders the achievement of the organization's goals is the occurrence of illegal actions and corruption within the organization. In such a situation, it is necessary to find out the occurrence of a crime or violation, and identify the criminal or the violator. Employees, as one of the most important stakeholders of the organization, are more aware of the events of the organization than others. Therefore, creating a platform for the participation of employees can lead to the reporting of illegal actions by employees; a process called whistle-blowing. This research, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way, by studying library sources and related laws and regulations of Islamic Republic of Iran, with the aim of investigating the effect of participative management on the development of whistle-blowing in administrative organizations, has shown that Participative management has results, such as: developing knowledge and information, facilitating intra-organizational communication, increasing commitment and responsibility, enhancing culture of participation, increasing motivation and activating marginal employees and empowering them, can be effective on the development of whistle-blowing. Nevertheless, investigating the laws and regulations of the subject in our country indicated the necessity of development of them.

The aim of this paper is to explain the legal nature of state companies in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Analyzing the various definitions of state companies, as enacted in different statutes demonstrates the historical trend of cumulative ambiguities that were synergicly enhancing the ambiguity of the nature these companies. The meta analysis of these ambiguities has shown that these definitions were not based on a theoretical system regarding the substance, goal, and the quality of the legal institution; therefore the legal  nature of a state company is not clear. Moreover, the solution cannot be based on an interpretative act by the parliament; rather the first basic step is establishing a theoretical system of the substance, goal, and the quality of the legal institution of state companies. This system can be the basis of a comprehensive act on state companies. The preposition is a set of principles as the basis of the system.

The duty of the member of the administrative organization is obeying the order of his or her managers. This duty is conditioned and limited. The most important condition is based on this rule that the order must not be in contrast with the law, and the most important limit is this rule that the order must be within the limits of administrative affairs. There are some legal problems about these conditions and limits. The subject of this research is analyzing the articles of the laws of our country about the duty of the employee for obeying the order of his or her boss, and the object of the research is proposing some ways for solving the problems of ambiguity of these articles. This research, according to the object is applied and according to the subject is descriptive-analytic and prescriptive. Information collecting is based on the library method. Analyzing the information is based on the modern legal logic. In this direction, based on the fact that the order not accorded with the law, may be an order to commit a behavior against the disciplinary standards or to commit a crime, these states will be analyzed too, and based on the laws of our country, the duty of the employee will be reviewed. Potential actual problems will be discovered, and finally, a solution is proposed on the base of the results.

Enacting a comprehensive and contingent law must be based on a theorematic system of the subject of that law. According to this scientific principle, the basic problem of this research is searching the theorematic basis of the Law of Investigating Administrative offenses in Islamic Republic of Iran; specially, the basis of the recognizing some of the behaviors as the administrative offenses. The research, from the view of the aim, is applied, and from the view of the method, is descriptive – prescriptive. In this research, related knowledge and information has been collected from the laws, scientific books and papers and related documents; and analyzing information is according to the logic of the law; specially administrative law. The Law of Investigating Administrative offenses, 1372, without an explicit definition for the correct administrative behavior and standards of it, has a list of administrative offenses (article 8). Analyzing this shortage and searching the negative effects of it, has revealed the necessity of a thorematic system for the subject and reforming and completing the law.

reviewing the trend of legislation for the definitions and planning comprehensive legal system for the designation of Nongovernmental Public Institutions and Organizations reveals that passing act after act, has increased the ambiguity of the legal nature of this title. Iran’s legislature invented and defined this title, in the Public Auditing Act, 1366 )Article 5 (. In the continuing this legislative trend, Iran’s legislature has invented and has defined the title of Nongovernmental Public Organization or Institution in the Public Services Administrative Act, 1386 (Article 3). In this paper the advisory view of the Office of Legal Affairs and Codification of Acts - one of the organizational units of the Judiciary Power in Islamic Republic of Iran - has been analyzed and the conclusion of this analysis is that the view increased the actual ambiguity in the course of the implementation of the acts governing the subject. The prescription of this article is planning and regulating the theoric legal framework for defining and classifying the public Organizations of the country and based on this framework, planning a comprehensive act for the subject.

“Law” can be defined as a set of the rules for regulating the behavior of the legal persons and their communication, according to the equity, with the sanction. The Law from its inception, and through its development, had relation with mathematics in several different ways. The simplest and the most applied area of the relation is the area in which the mathematics is applied for solving the actual problems of legal and judicial substance. This level of relation cannot be regarded to as a scientific interdisciplinary system, because the application of the mathematics is a normal method in different areas of human life. In the context of the relation of mathematics and the law, the aim of this research is searching the potential effects of the mathematics on the sources of the rights and obligations, and on the legal doctrine. Information collecting is from library and information analizing is based on a combination of the legal logic and the methods and formulas of the mathematics and the methods of statistical inference. The effectiveness of the science of mathematics in the sources of right – obligation, like the acts and the statutes, can be regarded as the basic step for the constitution of the science of [Mathematics – Law]. The science of [Mathematics – Law] will be in the trend of development, through the research and regulation of the effectiveness of the law. This leads to the enhancement of the sources of the right and obligation in the course of the dynamic equity. The prescription of this paper is planning a disciplinary science for the interaction between the mathematics and the law: [mathematics – Law].

The aim of this research was to identify the relationship between organizational silence and careerplateau of office staff with the mediating role of managerial supervision in the judiciary of Tehran province.The statistical population of the study included all office staff of the branches of judicial complexes in Tehran province,numbering 6,000people.The sample size was 361,according to Morganchr('39')s table.The"cluster sampling"method used to select the sample individuals.Data were collected through three standard questionnaires of Van Dynechr('39')s Organizational Silence(2003),Bardwickchr('39')s CareerPlateau(1986)And Supervision and Control of Anthony et al(1989).The obtained data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient,simple and multiple regression tests.The results of testing the research hypotheses showed:There is a positive and significant correlation between organizational silence and careerplateau of the office staff and the variable of organizational silence can explain25.5%of the changes in the variable of career plateau;There is no significant correlation between managerial supervision and careerplateau of the office staff,and the managerial supervision variable can explain0.6%of the changes in the career plateau variable,which is a very small amount;There is a significant negative correlation between organizational silence of administrative staff and managerial supervision and the effect of mediator variable(managerial supervision)on the relationship between the two variables of organizational silence and careerplateau is not significant.

In the comprehensive Plan for Prevention and fighting against administrative corruption, comprehensive definition of administrative corruption must be foundation of the plan. We can say administrative corruption is the corruption of administrative system. Administrative organizations are subsystems of administrative system of the country. Administrative corruption is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon and has several levels. Nevertheless, the basic description in plans and statutes for prevention and fighting against administrative corruption in Iran, is individual – oriented and the principal approach is behavioral - on the level of person and not completely. The approach is not system – oriented and is not on the interaction between structural – behavioral –environmental dimensions. This paper, based on the theoretical necessity of comprehensive definition for administrative corruption, analyzed and evaluated the definition of most important statutes and statutory rules of fighting against administrative corruption. The result is that this definition are not comprehensive. This description leads us to basic prescriptions.

The structural capacity is a necessity and has the priority; the incomplete bases and lack of appropriateness and transparency in the structure is the determinate obstacle in the course of achieving the goal. The principal problem of the research is lack of objective criteria for the justice and equity in the Law of the Organization of the Medical System of Islamic Republic of Iran and there is not a special investigation method for the equity. The importance of the justice and equity for evaluating the structural capacity of the system of investigating the disciplinary violations of the medicines verifies the importance of the research. The aim of this research is evaluating the structural capacity of the system of investigating the disciplinary violations of the medicines in Iran, from the perspective of justice and equity. So the question of this research is that how is the structural capacity of the system to implementing the justice and equity and if the structure of this system is not complete and correct, what is the way to solving the problem?

The information is collected from the related books and papers and from the related documents. The collected information is analyzed according to the system approach, with the emphasis on the dynamism and a combination of the principal logic of the administrative law, with the emphasis on the professional system and the principal logic of the criminal law is applied.

Ethical Considerations:

 In the research and writing this paper, legal principles has been observed and in each quoting, the resors is mentioned.

The results of this paper are: The necessity of the reform of article 28 of the law of the organization of the medical system of I.R. of Iran; the necessity of the explicit rule for investigating of disciplinery court, and judicial court in the case of the behavior that is crime and disciplinary violation; the necessity of organixational posts for assistant prosecutor and prosecutor; the necessity of cpmpliting the procedural system of the disciplinary prosecution - especially objective definition for "justise" and "equty".

The analysis has leaded to this result that the mentioned structure must be reformed, completed and updated, in order to reaching the justice and equity and a proposition has been submitted for the way of accomplishing this goal.

 

Corruption affects people's lives in many ways. When a budget is allocated to a topic or a plan is made for public health, abuses can be exploited. It seems that corruption can exist in all walks of life in today's society, while in today's world, citizens are one of the most important sources of urban management, and most governments are contributing to the stability and fulfillment of their goals. So, emphasis is always placed on empowering citizens to participate and contribute in the process of policy formulation and implementation. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to provide mechanisms for empowering citizens to encourage them to participate more actively in reducing corruption.

Considering that the present study was conducted on one of the major urban problems at present, it is an applied type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is documentary via using existing sources such as books, internal and external articles, academic dissertations and reviews of related reports.

Preventive strategies to tackle corruption through empowering citizens include empowered management skills, accountability, increased negotiation and persuasion, planning participation, establishing autonomy through setting boundaries, sharing information among citizens, engaging people, setting goals, delegating authority, specifying the future outlook, raising public awareness, supporting witnesses, reporters and informants, and trusting citizens.

The aim of this research is to study the relationship between intentions to e-government with organizational agility in Tehran province Gaz Company. For this purpose a primary and five secondary hypotheses were formulated. The statistical society of this research is the gas company staff of Tehran province which among them using sampling formula of limited population, 120 people were selected. To collect the data, the intentions to e-government standard questionnaire of Torres et al and self-designed questionnaire of organizational agility were used. The validity of questionnaires was confirmed by professors and experts. Also using Cronbach's alpha test, the reliability of e-government questionnaire equal 87/ and organizational agility equal 92/ was determined. Collected data analyses took place in the SPSS software environment. Pearson correlation, Friedman and binomial tests respectively were used to hypotheses test, ranking of organizational agility dimension and review variables situation. Findings of the study indicated that intentions to e-government have a relationship with all agility dimensions (organizational leadership, organizational change, organizational culture, customer service, performance management) and as a result with organizational agility.

In democratic systems, according to constitutional structures, people can ask clearer responses from governments against fulfillment of their civil and social responsibilities. The main question of this research is Iranian administrative transparency. In this research the effective factors of the administrative transparency (article 18 of general policies of administrative system) are studied perfectly. The completion process of this research can be considered in two steps: The first step includes determining factors and variables influence on information transparency of administrative system and in the second step, the researcher tries to use ARAS multi criteria decision making technique to determine the priority for the main and effective criteria on transparency of administrative system (main criteria ranking). This research is applicable and classified research. The results of data analysis of this research show that the national factor is considerable factor in information transparency of administrative system.

This article investigates the literature of knowledge management at the world level, focusing on the necessity and importance of knowledge management in developing cuntries; introduces the most important problems of implementing knowledge management at national level. It also introduces policies and methods which are used for supporting knowledge management at national and regional levels. Based on the mentioned exploration, the National Services Management Law is examined and practical suggestins are made for implementation of its rules in the field of information technology and knowledge management at national level. These suggestins include: design and implementation of national comprehensive electronic information system, assessment and review of websites of all organizations involved in the mentioned law, designing Iranians’ expert database, networking inside and outside the administrative system, introducing positions for knowledge management in organizations, designing knowledge sharing systems inside and between organizations, creating national computerized suggestion system, identifying retired experts and documentation of their expertise and experiences to be used in organizations.

The goal of this paper is to address the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics of staff and human resource productivity. Several topics are presented for characteristics of staff and human resource productivity. The research method is a field study and data was gathered by questionnaires. Statistical society consists 466 staffs in Tehran Fallat Gharreh Oil Co. and sample size is 170 employees. Spearman Correlation Coefficient and Freedman Grading Test Methods were used. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. The results show that there is a significant relationship between componens of risk-taking, locus of internal control, succsess achievement, and tolerance of ambiguity, with human resource productivity. But, there is no significant relationship between creativity and human resource productivity.

According to the constitutional law of Islamic Republic of Iran, "family is the constituent unit of the Islamic society; so, the law and plans must facilitate the formation of family, to guard its sacredness and to stabilize family relations, according to Islamic law and ethics" (Principle 10). In the direction of the principles of the constitutional law, one of the characteristics of the society in the vision of 1404, will be that the society has stable family institution. The main policies of the regime planned the road of implementing the principles and realizing the vision. So, this question is in how much is the bill of guarding family, that is submitted to the parliament by the president- July 2007, in the direction planned in the mentioned principle; and can it lead to the stability of the family (mentioned characteristic in the vision)? This paper has shown systematically the characteristics of the family in the constitutional law, the vision, and the main policies; and compared the content of the bill with them. The study has shown that the bill has some destructive procedural errors and incompleteness; and has some substantive conflicts with the criteria of the basic documents. Finally, some procedural and substantive ways and methods are proposed.

people's «description» of phenomena depends on their approaches. In other words, various approaches lead to different descriptions from a single phenomenon. From the juridical point of view, a «proper» behavior is the one which is accorded to «legal rule»; However, managerial approach emphasizes on «efficiency» and «effectiveness» and although the law must not be broken, «informal organization » is considered as a natural phenomenon which has also positive features and effects. This difference in approaches is one of the most underlying theoretical issues in inspection and control. The practical emergence of this theoretical issue is that sometimes inspectors and controllers face this practical issue-which has the potential to be worsened to a challenge and crisis-that organizations, offices or agents or lacked the needed efficiency and did not posit organizational objectives, nevertheless, no legal violation can be attributed to them, or the managers, have apparently developed efficiency and effectiveness, although they have broken the regulations unintentionally.