mohammadhassan kazemi galougahi

  There are very limited studies about the relationship between the presence of autoimmune disease and the patients’ outcome with Covid-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of various autoimmune disorders in patients with Covid-19 and its relationship with the prognosis of this group of patients.

 In this retrospective cohort study, the sample size included 264 patients with autoimmune disease who were hospitalized in Tehran Army hospitals due to Covid-19 disease. Moreover, 283 patients with non-autoimmune disease were considered as the control group. Patients' information was achieved using their hospital records. Demographic and information about disease history and their ultimate outcome were recorded. Finally, descriptive statistics indicators of mean and standard deviation were used to describe data. Furthermore, data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 through independent t-Test and K2.  

In the group with autoimmune diseases, the mean age of patients was 55.32 ±7.63 years old. The most common disease was rheumatoid arthritis (21.2%) followed by psoriasis (12.9%). Mortality rates were significantly higher in the group with autoimmune disease compared with patients in the control group (18.9% vs. 11.3%, p = 0.012). The frequency of admission in the intensive care unit and intubation in the group with autoimmune diseases was significantly higher than control group (p <0.0001). Based on logistic regression, the presence of autoimmune disease increases the chance of death (Odds Ratio = 1.484) and it increases the chance of admission to the intensive care unit lonely (Odds Ratio = 1.487) (P <0.05). 

The results indicate that, based on modeling, autoimmune diseases significantly increase the chance of death and they also increase the chance of admission to the intensive care unit compared with healthy people.

 Invasive fungal infection (IFI) is a life-threatening condition, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems.

 Our study aims to evaluate IFI in hospitalized patients with hematological malignancies.

 In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we evaluated patients with hematological malignancies admitted to two university hospitals in Tehran, Iran, from 2020 to 2021 for IFI. We selected only those patients who had been hospitalized for at least four days for antimicrobial treatment. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-26 software, employing Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, and Fisher exact tests.

 During the study period, 60 out of 213 patients with hematological malignancies were admitted for antimicrobial treatment. The average age of the patients was 57.1 years, with fever being the most common symptom, reported in 63.3% of cases. We identified 24 cases of
IFI, including three proven cases (Candida spp.) and 21 probable cases. Statistical analysis showed a lower mean neutrophil count in the IFI group compared to the non-IFI group (3862 versus 12881, P = 0.001) and a higher mortality rate (58.3% versus 27.8%, P = 0.031).

 Our study revealed that severe neutropenia is a significant risk factor for IFI, and the mortality rate associated with IFI remains high despite advances in the treatment of hematological malignancies.

Chronic low back pain is one of the most common debilitating occupational diseases. It seems that the frequency of this type of back pain is increasing, especially among young military staff. The aim of this study was to evaluate the causes of chronic low back pain according to interpretation of MRI reports in military personnel of army land forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the data of military personnel with chronic low back pain, referring to the Neurosurgery Council of Khanevadeh Hospital, Tehran in 2016 were extracted. The information included demographic and occupational characteristics of the patients, clinical findings, and MRI reports. We used chi-square and Fischer exact tests for data analysis at the significance level of 95%.

326 male military personnel with chronic low back pain were evaluated. The mean age of the subjects was 37.3 ± 0.6 years. The most common MRI finding was disc herniation which was detected in 174 cases (53.3%). low back pain was most frequent in the combat branch, which included 114 cases (34.9%). There was no statistically significant correlation between MRI findings and types of military branches (P=0.071). The highest frequency of disc herniation belonged to the patients between 20 and 29 years of age (p=0.002) and the highest frequency of degenerative changes was seen in the patients over 50 years of age (p=0.005).

The most important finding of this study was the low mean age of the patients with chronic low back pain who were in their active working years. We suggest revision of the trend of periodic examinations of military personnel, ergonomics of the work environment and military training.

The COVID-19 epidemic has led to an increase in the prevalence of psychological disorders. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of stress, depression, anxiety, and related factors in conscripts residing in Tehran sanatoriums during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This descriptive-analytical study examined 384 resident conscript soldiers from the training units of the Ground Force, Air Force, and Defense Force of Army of the I.R. of Iran in Tehran. Data were collected using demographic information form and the DASS-21 questionnaire.

The mean age of the participating soldiers was 20.09±2.37 years. The results indicated that the mean scores for depression, anxiety, and stress among soldiers were 5.43±6.12, 9.93±5.67, and 16.31±6.79, respectively. Additionally, experience of severe to extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress was in 4%, 17.2%, and 8.9% of soldiers, respectively.

The results of various studies suggest that stress and anxiety during the pandemic have increased due to the unknown nature of the virus and cognitive ambiguity surrounding it. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a decline in the mental health of individuals in society, particularly among soldiers residing in barracks. Therefore, relevant authorities in training units can implement appropriate interventions such as supportive group psychotherapy to promote mental health.

Every year, about 600 million people in the world get infected foodborne diseases and 420,000 people die each year due to these diseases.

This study was conducted to investigate a gastroenteritis outbreak in one military unit located in the northeast of Iran in May 2017. In order to determine the source of the disease, a line listing was prepared and completed by 296 staff of the unit. Then, the source of the outbreak was identified by calculating the relative risk for the meals consumed within 48 hours before the beginning of the outbreak and using the stratification method to adjust the confounding effect.

In this outbreak 323 people were infected. The disease attack rate was 22.4%. 51% of staff were infected. The most common symptoms of the disease were fever, diarrhea and headache, respectively. Only the relative risk of boiled eggs was significant and was identified as the source of the outbreak (RR = 2.4). The cause of the outbreak was Shigella and less likely Salmonella.

The long-time gap between the cooking of dinner and its distribution has been one of the underlying factors of the outbreak. It seems that the boiled eggs remain in the lukewarm water inside the pot for several hours before being distributed to the staff and the secondary contamination of the pot containing the eggs was the cause of this outbreak.

The Burden of Disease study provides a comprehensive picture of mortality and disability across countries, time periods, age groups, and genders.

This study was conducted to determine the epidemiological trend and estimate the burden of COVID-19 in the Iranian population.

This cross-sectional study used the methods by theWorld Health Organization for the national burden of disease studies to estimate the years of life lost due to premature death and burden of disability (YLD), years of life lost from mortality (YLL), years of life lost due to disability diseases, and the total burden of death and disability in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALY). The information to calculate the desired indicators for COVID-19 in Iranian population, including the number of deaths, the number of hospitalizations, and the costs of hospitalization and treatment of patients, was obtained from an insurance fund of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Excel software version 2017 is used to calculate 3 indicators.

The total DALY for COVID-19 in the Iranian population during the three-year study period was calculated to be 162,429 years, which is a significant figure. The disease burden showed an increasing trend in the study years and reached its peak in 2021, which aligns with the overall disease situation in the country. In general, the burden of disease was higher in men than in women.

The impact of COVID-19 on the population and its economic burden was substantial in the studied areas. Therefore, it is crucial to undertake careful planning in addressing these issues. Using economic burden studiesand examining their dimensions provides policymakers with sufficient evidence to allocate financial resources to vital sectors and adopt appropriate policies in critical situations.

In forensic medicine, several bones are used to determine gender. The most important and widely used are the skull and pelvis. But in some cases, the mentioned bones may not be available, and other bones, such as the scapula bone, should be used.

This study aimed to investigate and locate the anthropometric indices of scapula bone in the Iranian population to determine gender.

In this project, a study was performed on a chest scan of 259 Iranians referred to Besat NAHAJA Hospital in 2016. Pack software was used to measure the scapula’s indices. The obtained data, including age, gender, and different scapula sizes of max width of glenoid (MWG),maxlength of glenoid (MLG), maxwidth of scapula (MWS), andmaxlength of scapula (MLS), were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Assessment of differential ability, sensitivity, and specificity of scapula anthropometric indices was used in determining gender.

Of 259 participants in this study, 133 (51.4%) were female, and 126 (48.6%) were male. Generally, the mean index of MWG, MLG, MWS, and MLS was higher inmenthanwomenin the studied population. The results of this study showed there is a significant difference among scapula features in men and women (P < 0.05). The highest accuracy in determining gender was assigned to MLS, with 88.9%, and the lowest was assigned to MLG, with 66.3%.

Our study showed that measured anthropometric indices, including length and width of scapula bone and glenoid cavity, will help to predict gender and also can be used as an accurate and practical tool in gender determination.

Clinical hand-off is a key factor in continuity of care and the most vital means of communication between nurses.

Considering the importance of improving the safety of patients this study aims to determine the effect of using the communication model ISBAR on the performance of nurses in the clinical hand-off patients with head or neck trauma in a selected hospital in Tehran.

This semi-experimental study was conducted with two control and intervention groups on 78 nurses working in a selected hospital in Tehran, , during the period of 2022-2023. Nurses were randomly assigned to either the test group (n=39) or the control group (n=39). Prior to the intervention, the researchers recorded the personal information and utilized a researcher-made checklist to assess the nurses’ performance based on the ISBAR model, which included the following five items: Identify, Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. This assessment was conducted through the researcher’s observational evaluation using the checklist. The test group underwent training on how to use the ISBAR communication model in patients with head or neck trauma, which comprised 5 face-to-face training sessions lasting 90 minutes each. The control group did not receive any intervention from the researchers. Subsequently, the researcher completed the checklist again for both groups.

The initial clinical performance record scores of the nurses in the test and control groups (6.53±5.19 vs 7.11±5.60, P=0.724) showed no statistically significant difference before the intervention. However, following the intervention, the test group demonstrated a significantly higher score (96.27±4.41) compared to the control group (43.12±14.06, P<0.001). Additionally, the overall clinical performance score in the test group increased significantly after the intervention (P<0.001). In contrast, the control group’s average clinical performance post-intervention was significantly higher than
before the intervention (P=0.001).

The implementation of the ISBAR communication model improved nurses’ performance in Clinical Hand-off for head or neck trauma patients. Therefore, integrating communication skills training with other programs to enhance patient safety can elevate nurses’ performance and the quality of care.

 SARS-CoV-2 may affect vital organs. The present study investigated the histopathology of pulmonary and cardiac tissues with clinical correlation in deceased patients with COVID-19.

 We obtained pulmonary and cardiac tissues from 30 deceased patients with COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran, from January to May 2021. Sampling was performed through a percutaneous needle biopsy. After slide preparation, two expert pathologists studied them. We assessed the correlation between clinical and pathological data by Fisher’s exact test.

 The mean age of the patients was 73.8±13.4 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 23/7. The most common underlying disease was hypertension (HTN) in 25 patients (83%). Fifty-five tissue samples were achieved, including 28 pulmonary and 27 cardiac samples. Our results showed that all patients (100%) developed diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), and 26 (93%) developed hyaline membrane formation. The most common phase of DAD was the exudative-proliferative phase in 16 (57.1%). Three cardiac samples (11%) revealed myocarditis, and seven (26%) showed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In univariate analysis using Fischer’s exact test, myocarditis had significant relationships with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels higher than 80 mg/dL (P=0.008) and elevated cardiac troponin levels higher than two-fold (P=0.01).

 COVID-19 can affect the major vital organs. However, only myocarditis had a significant relationship with the circulating levels of inflammatory factors.

Considering the threats in the operating room during the COVID‑19 pandemic, the optimal care and safety of the operating room nurses should be maintained when performing surgery on an acute respiratory patient. It seems necessary to design a tool to measure the caring behaviors of operating room nurses. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim to design a valid and reliable tool for measuring the caring behavior of operating room nurses during the COVID‑19 pandemic.

In this sequential, exploratory, mixed‑method study, the designing and psychometric evaluation of the caring behaviors of operating room nurses questionnaire during the COVID‑19 pandemic were performed in qualitative and quantitative phases from August 2021 to July 2022 in Aja University of Medical Sciences, Iran. In the qualitative phase, the concept of caring behaviors of operating room nurses was explored through interviews and a literature review based on online searches. In the quantitative phase, validity (face, content, and construct), and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated.

The findings supported 21 items in the 5 factors of caring behaviors related to attitude toward patients, knowledge of surgical care, virus prevention principles, self‑care knowledge, and self‑care performance, which explained 35.92 of the total variance. Scale‑Content Validity Index/Average and Cronbach’s alpha were calculated to be 0.93 and 0.89, respectively.

Given its desirable reliability and validity, simple scoring, and ease of use by operating room nurses, the Caring Behaviors of Operating Room Nurses Questionnaire is applicable and its use is recommended.

 COVID-19 is accompanied by various symptoms such as fever, dry cough, and fatigue in 80% of cases. Many people with COVID-19 suffer from different symptoms after recovery, similar to the initial symptoms of this disease, such as weakness, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Prolonged recovery time and the consequences of hospitalization and COVID-19 in these patients can affect their occupational balance.

 The present study compared occupational balance, fatigue, depression, and anxiety among hospital-discharged COVID-19 survivors with healthy individuals.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2022 in Imam Reza Hospital. The statistical population consisted of hospital-discharged COVID-19 survivors and healthy individuals included in the study (70 individuals per group). Evaluations were performed in one session using the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OB-Quest), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS).

 The mean scores of depression (8.46 ± 3.78 vs. 4.29 ± 2.91), anxiety (9.34 ± 4.38 vs. 4.46 ± 3.09), and fatigue (44.29 ± 10.02 vs. 28.49 ± 9.87) were higher in hospital-discharged COVID-19 survivors than the healthy individuals. Furthermore, the rate of depression was directly related to anxiety (r = 0.773) and occupational balance disruption (moderate and severe levels) (r = 6.77).

 According the results demonstrated that hospital-discharged COVID-19 survivors had more disrupted occupational balance than the healthy individuals and experienced higher levels of anxiety, depression, and fatigue after discharge. Given the poorer occupational balance of hospital-discharged COVID-19 survivors than the healthy individuals, they need proper training after discharge to maintain a balance between different aspects of their lives and occupations. Therapists can also design and implement new interventions to improve the occupational balance of COVID-19 survivors.

 Neutropenia is a common side effect of chemotherapy and one of the most common causes of severe infection and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies. Some studies showed that antimicrobial prophylaxis resulted in lower febrile neutropenia (FN) episodes and mortality rates.

 We aimed to determine the efficacy of prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin in patients with hematological malignancies.

 In a randomized double-blinded clinical trial from 1 March to 1 September 2016, we assigned patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia into two groups. We used the random permuted blocks method for randomization. The first group received oral ciprofloxacin at a dose of 500 milligrams daily until the neutrophil count reached 1000 cells per microliter or fever occurrence, defined as the primary outcome. The second group received a placebo in the same shape and size. We compared FN episodes and the mortality rate in these two groups by SPSS-22 software, using chi-square, Fischer's exact tests, and student t-test at P-value < 0.05.

 Seventy-three males (60.8%) and 47 females (39.2%) entered our study. The mean age of the patients was 47 ± 14.6 years. Acute leukemia was the most common underlying malignancy in 81 out of 120 subjects (67.5%). Fever (P = 0.005) was significantly lower in the ciprofloxacin group, but the mortality rate (P = 0.783) did not differ between the two groups.

 We found that the prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin decreased FN in our patients but did not influence the mortality rate. We believe that antimicrobial prophylaxis may be helpful in neutropenic patients, especially in decreasing FN and its related comorbidity.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, vaccination has been considered as an important measure against it. Side effects have always been an inseparable component of vaccination, which in this study, Sinopharm vaccine, its side effects and the differences of theirmanifestation amongst men and women have been investigated.

This study aimed to compare the side effects of the Sinopharm vaccine among men andwomen working in some medical centers in Tehran, Iran.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study on 890 healthcare workers of 7 medical centers in Tehran within 2 months, from late June to late August 2021. The samples were selected by the complete enumeration method, and the required data were collected using a questionnaire. Only those who received the Sinopharm vaccine at least 10 days before the study were included.

Of 890 participants, 22.96% and 77.30% were women and men, respectively, and 65.8% of women and 78.1% of men were in the age range of 20-29 years. It was revealed that 74.75% of women and 26.16% of men had at least one side effect. The incidence of at least one side effect was significantly higher in women than in men (P<0.001). It was also found that 12 side effects were significantly higher in women than in men. Most men and women had side effects within the first 24 h after vaccination. There was no significant difference in taking therapeutic measures to reduce or minimize the post-vaccination complications between men and women; however, 9.4% of men and 27.2% of women reported a decline in their ability to perform daily activities as they were unable to do their everyday tasks the day after vaccination which was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001).

The results showed that the occurrence rate of side effects after receiving the Sinopharm vaccine was significantly higher inwomen than in men. Moreover, women were significantly less able to perform daily routines than men.

Work motivation among nurses may decrease over time, and the risk of quitting their job and shortage of personnel threatens the health system. In this case, strengthening their resilience by using psychological interventions is of great importance.

The present study aimed to determine the effect of positive thinking skills training on the resilience of nurses working in selected military hospitals in Tabriz.

The present study was conducted based on a pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental design. The statistical population consisted of nurses working in selected hospitals of Aja in Tabriz in the second half of 2022. Based on the inclusion criteria, 50 nurses were selected and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. For the intervention group, positive thinking training was conducted through group discussion in eight 90-minute sessions of face-to-face training. Demographic characteristics form and The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to collect data. Data were analyzed in SPSS statistical software (version 21) using statistical tests.

There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of demographic characteristics. The mean scores of the resilience of nurses before the intervention were obtained at 39.28±6.12 and 41.56±9.54 in the intervention and control groups, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.32). After the intervention, they reached 60.12±4.66 and 42.60±8.98, demonstrating a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001). Resilience also improved from the pre-test to the post-test in the intervention group (P<0.001); nonetheless, it was not significant in the control group (P=0.16).

Considering the effectiveness of positive thinking skills training in nurses' resilience, it is suggested that this simple, cheap, and applicable method be used for nurses.

Present study assessed whether Sinopharm, AstraZeneca, Sputnik V, and Covaxin’s vaccinated womenreveal a distinct incidence of menstruation disturbances, hirsutism, and metrorrhagia. Data collection was performed from June to August 2021, and 427 women working in sevenselected hospitals in Tehran were studied in this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. All of these women hadreceived one or both doses of the vaccines with one of the assessed vaccines. Required data was collected via questionnaireand imported to SPSS 16 for further assessment and analysis. Fisher’s Exact Test and Chi-Squared test weremain statistical tests used to understand whether any significant relation exists or not. The participant’s mean age and body mass index (BMI) were 29.78 ± 10.55 and 23.27 ± 3.82, respectively.Three hundred ninety-five cases (92.4%) had received both doses of the vaccines. Also, 154 cases (36.1%) had a historyof COVID-19. A total of 38 cases (8.8%) of menstruation disturbances, 20 cases (4.6%) of metrorrhagia, and 7cases (1.6%) of hirsutism were reported after receiving the vaccines. There was a significant difference among thevaccinated groups with the vaccines as mentioned earlier in terms of menstruation disturbances (hypermenorrhea,dysmenorrhea, Amenorrhea) (P=0.01). The highest and the lowest incidence of menstruation disturbances were recordedin the group vaccinated with Covaxin (17.6%) and Sputnik V (5%), respectively. There was also no significantdifference amongst the vaccinated groups with the four vaccines regarding the incidence of metrorrhagia andhirsutism (P=0.10 and P=0.12, respectively). There was no significant relationship between all three complicationsincidence with the previous infection concerning all vaccines (coefficient=0.46, 1.27, -0.15 respectively for menstruationdisturbances, metrorrhagia, and, hirsutism). Seemingly, Covaxin revealed the most side effects in terms of menstruation disturbances. As a result, professionalsmust carry out several studies with reasonable samples to recommend the vaccine to those women confidently.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major non-communicable diseases, causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is no study on T2DM status in Iran Army Forces.

We aimed to measure the prevalence of T2DM in this population and identify variables associated with T2DM risk in order to classify individuals.

Data from 3661 Iran Army Ground Forces were employed. Characteristics of the subjects with and without T2DM were compared. We examined the classification ability of logistic regression with two tree-based supervised learning algorithms, decision tree and random forest (RF). The ethical committee of AJA University of Medical Sciences approved this study by the approval code 995685.

The prevalence of T2DM was 3% less than in the general population. Our results showed that the incidence of T2DM increases as subjects become older. The proportions of staff members with T2DM were more than the other military ranks. T2DM is more common in obese and overweight groups. The highest prevalence of T2DM is in the subjects with high levels of lipid profile. The areas below the receiver operating characteristic curve for logistic regression, decision tree, and RF were 73.8%, 77.1%, and 97.1%, respectively.

Age, body mass index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride are associated with T2DM risk. The RF has superior classification performance in comparison with logistic regression and decision tree.

One of the 3 main goals of any health system is to meet the non-medical expectations of individuals while interacting with health system. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the health system responsiveness before and after the implementation of the health transformation plan (HTP) in Iran.
In this longitudinal study, a household survey was conducted at the district 17 of Tehran, Iran in 2003, 2008, and 2015. A sample of 600 families was selected using a two-stage cluster sampling approach. Data were collected using a questionnaire and face-to-face interview. Chi square and One Way Anova were used to analyze the data in the SPSS 16.
The importance of all dimensions of responsiveness has decreased compared to previous years in 2015. Dignity (83.46%) had the best performance (high score) and choice (69.23%) had the worst performance (low score) in outpatient services. The best performance score was confidentiality (81.7%) in inpatient services and the worst was autonomy (67.76%). Private centers performed better than other centers in all dimensions of responsiveness. This difference was statistically significant in outpatient services (P value Given the increasing level of responsiveness in outpatient and inpatient services after the implementation of the HTP, it can be concluded that this plan has been effective. Interaction of patients and service providers is an issue that should be addressed by health sector reform.

Meningitis is an infectious disease. In case it spreads to the military personnel living in dormitories in large numbers، it can cause high mortality. The present study was an attempt to examine the number of Meningitis cases، their types، and effective factors in its spread among Iranian Ground Forces (IGF). The distribution pattern of Meningitis in different parts of Iran was also examined. In this cross-sectional research، records of patients with meningitis from mid2006 to 2011 (5. 5 years) were checked. All cases reported to IGF Health Office were included in the study. Variables such as age، military status (formal or conscripted)، meningitis type، month and year of disease occurrence، recovery status، educational status of patient''s military unit، and place of disease occurrence were checked. In addition، the distribution map of the disease was prepared using ArcGIS 9. 3. Totally، 59 cases were reported to IGF Health Office. The mean age of patients was 20. 09. 86. 4% of the reported cases were in conscripts. Meningococcal meningitis was the most frequent type، and pneumococcal and viral types stood next. 63% of cases had occurred in training units. The highest and lowest incidences of disease were observed in 2006 and 2010 respectively. The number of Meningitis cases was highest in February. The death rate was 10. 2 %. The highest number of cases was reported in Tehran، Kerman، and Khouzestan provinces respectively. Since all the patients were conscripts or formal trainees، permanent residence in military dormitories was one of the most important risk factors of meningitis morbidity. Meningitis incidence trend has been descending over the past few years، and hygiene programs have reduced the number of reported cases. GIS map of the case distribution was not concordant that much to GIS map of cumulative incidence mostly due to the differences in the number of military personnel in different provinces. However، disease mortality was similar to other references.

Accidental needle-stick injuries (NSIs) are a hazard for health-care workers and general public health. Nursing workers are at high risk for occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens (such as HBV, HCV and HIV) via sharp injuries of needle stick. This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was done on 158 nursing workers of Khanevadeh Hospital in Tehran to study needle stick injuries prevalence and related factors via a questionnaire in 2008. Filling up questionnaires, acquired data was processed through SPSS 16.0 software and analyzed by statistical tests including Pearson's correlation coefficient, Chi-square test, Independent T-test, and Fisher exact test. Base on findings 40.5% of all participants were male and 59.5% were female. Age mean of contributors was 33.26 years (SD=8.03). 56.96% of participants had history of at least one needle stick injury and 22.15% of them had needle stick injury during last year. Injections were most common action resulted to exposure (24.44%) and recapping of needles was at second order (21.11%). 44.3% of participants were performing recapping of needles. Operation room had highest prevalence (18.9%) of needle stick injuries among all wards of hospital. Emergency ward and ICU were on next order (15.6%). Exposed people believed that the most important and basic reason for needle stick injuries was patients crowdedness and hospital chaos (37.8%). There was no relation between ages, gender, years of professional life, education level and needle stick injuries but men used latex gloves less than women and did recapping needles more than them. Age and years of professional life among exposed people were less than others. The NSIs in nursing workers of this hospital were less than similar studies in Iran significantly.