mohammadhossein imani khoshkho

Corona disease has seriously damaged the tourism industry. The critical point of post-corona tourism is that the results of the studies show that tourism is a social issue, and post-corona tourism in Iran will be ponderable. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate and analyze post-corona tourism crisis management from the perspective of social psychological analysis and to emphasize Antonovsky's resilience components (SOC), using the qualitative method and in-depth semi-structured interviews with experts and the analysis method. It has analyzed and investigated the post-corona theme of tourism. The results of the research findings point to the post-corona crisis, a severe crisis with an unsettled market and mass demand, along with the emergence of harmful behaviors due to the pressures of the corona era, the desire to travel domestically and pay more attention to health issues, which will prove many problems. The post-corona crisis management of tourism, due to the spirit of resilience, emphasizes the creation of high awareness and understanding of the future conditions, which should be clarified for the trustees and managers of tourism, and operational, and short-term planning should be carried out with the focus on urban tourism so that the media for Awareness, description, and preparation of the host community and tourists for the post-corona era benefited.

Establishing a brand identity for tourism destinations may help ease the problems caused by the intangibility of tourism products and increase the concerted efforts of tourism service providers, ensuring stability in markets and facilitating the process of market segmentation. Therefore, considering the necessity for more attention to the destination’s brand identity due to increased competition within the tourism industry, this qualitative study sought to develop a model for establishing a brand identity for Mashhad city using the grounded theory method. To this end, some twelve managers, professors, and researchers working in the field of brand and tourism in Mashhad were selected to participate in detailed semi-structured interviews using purposive sampling. Then, the collected data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding. The study’s findings indicated the positive role of personal factors such as awareness of the destination’s brand or the tourists’ behavioral intentions in developing the brand identity of tourist destinations, which in turn influence the relevant strategies. In other words, such factors help the official select appropriate distinct marketing or development strategies, bringing about a variety of outcomes, including socio-economic development. Moreover, it could be argued that the strategies are set on the grounds of participation development in which the destination’s brand identity is formed. However, intervening factors such as micro and macro environmental factors should also be taken into account in this regard.

"Due to its very nature, tourism enjoys proper grounds for entrepreneurship development. There are limited studies on the development of entrepreneurship in tourism. Among the growing areas of tourism, ‘Cultural Tourism’ could be referred to as a demanding preference for development in areas with the potentials for growth. This study sought to provide a model for entrepreneurship development in cultural tourism using Grounded theory. To this end, some eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the required data, out of which and 367 primary codes, 97 secondary codes, 44 concept codes were extracted and classified into ten distinct categories. The study’s population consisted of university instructors and lecturers, experts working in state-owned tourism institutions, the owners of active businesses in Yazd cultural tourism, and the professionals within the field who were selected through ‘theoretical sampling.’ Moreover, the sample size was determined based on theoretical saturation. The study’s results found via the application of the ‘three-pronged model’ indicated that factors involved in the development of cultural tourism entrepreneurship could be categorized in three general categories of ‘structural factors,’ grounds and ‘environmental conditions, and ‘behavioral factors,’ each including their own relevant components and indices.