فهرست مطالب mohammadhossein sorbi

This research was conducted with the aim of comparing family awareness, emotional climate, and emotional divorce among married men and women in Yazd.

The study was of an analytical type and was conducted cross-sectional, with the participation of 250 married men and women who had sought counseling services in Yazd due to family problems. The sampling method in this research was purposive. Data were collected using a demographic form, the Family Awareness Scale (FAS), the Emotional Climate Scale for Couples (ECSC), and the Emotional Divorce Scale (EDS). The data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software.

Pearson correlation coefficients showed a significant negative relationship between family awareness and emotional climate (r = -0.71) and emotional divorce (r = -0.70), and a significant positive relationship between emotional climate and emotional divorce (r = 0.86, p < 0.01). Independent t-test showed that women had lower family awareness than men. Furthermore, women scored higher on emotional climate and emotional divorce compared to men, and these results were statistically significant (p < 0.01).

The results indicate that women have lower family awareness than men, which, in addition to creating a tension-inducing emotional climate, increases the likelihood of emotional divorce. Therefore, it is recommended for couple’s therapists to develop practical programs to enhance family awareness skills as an effective step in reducing emotional divorce and increasing emotional climate between spouses.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of competitiveness in the relationship between perceptions of family support and entrepreneurial attitudes in high school students.

This was a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all high school students in Yazd, 415 of whom were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect data detritus from questionnaires competitiveness of Franken et al. (1995), entrepreneurial attitude Dalijah (2017) and the perception of the support of families Prosidano and Heller (1983) were used. The obtained data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive statistics (describing how the data are scattered) and inferential statistics (testing research hypotheses and fitting the measurement model).

The results showed that there is a significant direct effect between perceptions of family support and competition and also between competition and entrepreneurial attitude (P<0.01). On the other hand, the perception of family support can have a significant indirect effect on the entrepreneurial attitude through the mediating role of competition, the effect of which was equal to 20%.

By strengthening the spirit of positive competition and increasing family support, entrepreneurial attitude can be raised in students.

Recent studies have contradictory reports of the overall prevalence of restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to help eliminate ambiguity about the prevalence of restless legs syndrome in Iranian hemodialysis patients by systematic review and meta-analysis study.

This study was performed based on PRISMA checklist. Documents were obtained from English and Persian databases such as Magiran, Sid, Medilib, Iranmedex, Irandoc, CIVILICA, ISC, Pubmed, Scopus, Springer, and Google Scholar Engine from 2000 to 2021. All reviewed articles with selection criteria were evaluated qualitatively with the STROBE checklist. Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA-2) software was used to analyze the data by meta-analysis random effects method.

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in the patients under hemodialysis was estimated to be 49.6% (95% CI: 39.9-59.3) in 13 studies with 2431 Iranian samples that 62.3% of whom were men. The prevalence of this disorder was 54.2% in Iranian women (95% CI: 41.7-66.3) and 43.5% in Iranian men (95% CI: 31.6-56.3). The most and least prevalence of restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients was respectively in Yazd (66.4%) and in Tehran (35.3%). In addition, regression analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between sex, urban areas, sample size and age of patients with restless legs syndrome.

The prevalence of restless legs syndrome is high in Iranian hemodialysis patients, which early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of this disorder in adults seems necessary.

In recent years, different values of the general prevalence of restless legs syndrome have been reported in various studies and its related factors in Iranian society are not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with restless legs syndrome in Iran by meta-analysis.

  This study was performed based on PRISMA checklist. There was a time limit from 1st July 2014 to 11th November 2019 for documents obtained from English and Persian databases such as Magiran, Sid, Medilib, Iranmedex, Irandoc, Civilica, ISC, Pubmed, Scopus, Springer, and Google Scholar Engine. Data were searched and extracted independently by two researchers and finally, a group decision was made with the presence of a third observer. All reviewed articles with selection criteria were evaluated qualitatively by the STROBE checklist. Comprehensive Meta analysis (CMA-2) software was used to analyze the data by meta-analysis random effects model.

The prevalence of restless legs syndrome was estimated to be 32.9% (95% CI: 22.9- 44.7) in 24 studies with 26474 Iranian subjects that 65.9% of whom were women. The prevalence of this disorder was 47.6% in Iranian women (95% CI: 28.7-67.2%) and 36.7% in Iranian men (95% CI: 21.4-55.3%). The most and the least prevalence of restless legs syndrome based on geographical region were respectively in east (44.3%) and north of the country (15.5%) and this difference was significant based on meta-regression (p <0.05). The prevalence of this syndrome was 50% in hemodialysis patients, 35% in other diseases, 25.7% in pregnant women, 20.2% in elderly and 13.8% in adults.

The prevalence of restless legs syndrome in Iran is higher than other parts of the world based on different studies. Therefore, early detection, prevention and treatment of this disorder in adults, especially women, is essential.

The present experimental study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the perfectionism and sense of shame in students of Isfahan University using a pretest-posttest design. A number of 30 male students were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as a clinical interview conducted by a specialist. Those who had no symptoms of severe psychological or personality disorders on DSM-5 were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions (90 minutes sessions per week, during two months) of the ACT while the control group experienced none. Data were gathered before and after the last session of the therapy by the Ahvaz Perfectionism Questionnaire (Najarian, Attari, & Zargar, 1999) and Test of Self-Conscious Affect (Tangney, 1989). The SPSS software, version 18 was used to analyze the data. Results of MANCOVA indicated that the ACT reduced perfectionism (P < 0.001) and the sense of shame (P < 0.05) in the experimental group. Accordingly, it is inferred that the ACT is generally effective in reducing perfectionism and sense of shame. Therefore, this affordable approach can be used to create the right impression and increase the real self in Iranian students in order to have a better psychological status.

This study tested structural relationships between depression, perceived stress, sleep quality, and quality of life through path analysis.

In this cross-sectional study, 360 elderly Iranian people were selected using multistage cluster sampling from April 2 to December 6, 2018. The instruments included a demographic form, the geriatric depression scale (GDS), the quality of life scale (QOLS), the perceived stress scale (PSC), and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). To analyze the data, the researchers used SPSS21, LISREL-8.80, and the Sobel test.

The results showed that depression had a significant direct effect on sleep quality, but not on stress. The effect of depression and stress on the quality of life was found to be 45%. Further, depression, stress, and sleep quality had a significant direct effect on the quality of life. This could explain 85% of changes in the quality of life of the elderly. Moreover, depression with the mediating variable of sleep quality had an indirect effect on the quality of life.

It can be concluded that providing conditions for a high quality of life level and a good sleep status can help to improve mental health in elderly people. However, further experimental and longitudinal research is needed in this respect, and it is necessary to study other mediating factors on quality of life in elderly

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological-motor disorder in which most patients tend to shake their legs during sleep and describe it as an unpleasant feeling. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of RLS, its relationship with demographic characteristics, depression, and insomnia and comparison of the mentioned variables in the group with and without RLS.

This was a case-control analytic study. The sample consisted of 429 adults aged 17-70 years who had referred all the psychiatric and neurological clinics of Yazd (center of Iran) in 2019. Participants were selected by cluster sampling method. Research tools included a demographic questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and an International Restless Legs Syndrome Questionnaire (IRLSQ). The data were analyzed by SPSS-21, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and linear regression. Significant level was considered 0.05.

The mean and standard deviation of the age of participants was 34.43± 10.82. Furthermore, the mean and standard deviation of the age group with RLS was 36.07± 10.95 while in group without RLS was 33.92± 10.75. Prevalence of RLS in adults was 23.5% (n= 101), in women was 32% (n= 66) and in men was 28.7% (n= 35). The t-test showed patients with RLS had a higher degree of depression and insomnia than those without RLS (p<0.05). Multiple linear regression also showed that insomnia (β= 0.36), age (β= 0.13), and depression (β= 0.15) had a significant effect on RLS score. 

The prevalence of RLS among adults in Yazd is high. Severe insomnia, depressed mood, and aging are considered as important factors in predicting this disease. According to what was mentioned early detection, prevention, and treatment of this disorder in adults is necessary.

Diabetes is one of most widespread diseases that disturb the mental and physical health of patients.

The aim of study was searching a therapeutic method to enhance the diabetic’s health by supposing the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on the well-being and glycemic of patients with type 2 diabetes in Iran.

In a randomized, single-blinded clinical-trial study, from January 2016 to February 2017, a total of 30 type 2 diabetic patients of Yazd Diabetes Research Center, with purposeful sampling method, were selected randomly and put in two groups (Experimental and Control groups). While participants of both groups continued their drug therapy, the experimental group received 10 sessions of 90 minutes (a session per week) group positive psychotherapy while the control group remained on the waiting list. Data were gathered before the intervention and two weeks after intervention. At the end of the treatment sessions three of the experimental group (n = 12) and two of the control group (n = 13) were excluded from the study for their absence in post-test. Data were gathered by demographic form, general well-being questionnaire (GWB), and Glycemic test (HbA1c). SPSS software, version 16 with P = 0.05 level, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S), chi-square, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used for analyzing data.

The results showed that positive psychotherapy significantly increases mental well-being, and its subscales in comparison with the control group (P < 0.01). Also, other results showed that glycemic in the experimental group in comparison with the control group significantly decreased (P < 0.05).

It can be deduced that positive therapy intervention can be effective in mental well-being and to some extent, blood glucose of diabetics. So, this therapy can be used when diabetic patient’s psychological factors should be carefully considered.

Nowadays, the main focus of modern researches in the field of ADHD has been on the area of comorbid disorders and reducing their symptoms. In this regard, cognitive-behavioral therapies have tried to reduce the symptoms by using methods such as self-control, problem-solving, and social skills. Given the important role of the family, the present study investigated the pre-assumptions of the treatment by addressing the structural relationships between the social skills, problem-solving skills, and self-control with the symptoms of conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorders in the children with ADHD and the mediating role of the mother-child interaction. This study was performed on 104 male models, fourth to sixth grade students of the elementary school in Yazd, Iran. In this study, the Child Symptom Inventory, Child-Parent Relationship Scale, Problem-Solving Inventory, Self-Control Rating Scale, and Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with youngsters were used. The results were analyzed with path analysis by SPSS software version 23. Findings showed that problem-solving skills, self-control skills, social skills, and mother-child interaction can explain 75% of the variance of CD and 71% of the variance of ODD in the model. In another section of the analysis, the findings showed that the effect of problem-solving and self-control skills on the mother-child interaction was significant, but the social skills had no significant effect on the mother-child interaction. Also, the problem-solving variable can affect the CD through the mediating variable in the mother-child interaction, and also has a direct relationship with the current disorder but does not have a significant effect on ODD. The self-control variable in addition to its direct relationship to disorder can affect CD and ODD through the mother-child interaction. Self-control, problem-solving, and social skills are associated with the symptoms of behavioral disorders in the children with ADHD, and can be used in designing cognitive-behavioral therapy packages, and also the way the mother and child interact, is effective in this type of treatments

Diabetes is a chronic disease that influences mental and physical health. Regarding the importance of diabetic patients’ psychological status, this research studied the effect of group positive psychotherapy on life expectancy and general health of type 2 diabetic patients.
This clinical-trial study was done on 30 type 2 diabetic patients in Kermanshah diabetes research center. The experimental and control groups were randomly selected. Data were gathered before and 10 weeks after intervention. Demographic, life expectancy and general health (GHQ) questionnaires were used for gathering data. SPSS-16 and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S), Chi-square and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used for analyzing data.
Results showed that group positive psychotherapy caused significant enhancement on life expectancy in intervention group than control group (P-value: 0.001). Although positive psychotherapy caused significant reduction on anxiety disorder and somatic symptoms in mental health, there was no significant difference of general health between two groups (P-value: 0.347).
Positive psychotherapy was effective on increasing diabetic patients’ life expectancy. So this efficient psychotherapy can be used for increasing type 2 diabetic patients’ life quality.

Experts believe that one of the most important ways of empowering students is using new methods of training based on principles and methods of Metacognitive. So, the aim of this study was determining a model to show the relationship between Metacognitive beliefs on perceived competence and optimism of high school students. This was an applied research with cross-correlation method. The samples of 280 students of high schools in Yazd were selected by random multistep method. In this model, the Metacognitive beliefs were considered an exogenous variable, perceived competence endogenous mediator variable and Optimism endogenous variable. Data were gathered by Demographic Questionnaire, Metacognitive Questionnaire (2004), Perceived Competence Scale for Children Harter (1982) and Optimism Questionnaire (Scheier & Carver, 1985). Data were analyzed by SPSS-18 (for Statistical Descriptive and exploratory factor analysis) and LISREL (for Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory factor analysis). Also, the mediating role of perceived competence was examined by Soble Test. The results showed that Metacognitive beliefs impact on perceived competence and also perceived competence has a direct and significant effect on optimism. Metacognitive beliefs impact on optimism of high school students through perceived competence. So, it can be inferred that if students have the lower negative metacognitive beliefs, they will deserve more competence perception. Also, the more students had lower negative metacognitive beliefs and richer competence for themselves, the more they are optimistic about the future

Cancer is a crippling and incurable disease, which affects on physical health as well as mental and social well- being and disrupts patient’s life. The present study was done to measure the rate of quality of life and coping strategies in people with cancer and non-cancer in Yazd city.
This was an analytical and cross sectional study in which performed on 53 women with cancer who referred to private oncology clinic and 94 non-cancer ones in Yazd. The sampling method was purposeful. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire, coping inventory for stressful situation questionnaire (CISS) and a socio-economic well-being scale in people with cancer. SPSS-16 was used to analyze data.
Problem-focused coping style was the most common coping strategy among the participants (Mean± SD 50.34± 7.89) and the rate of quality of life among the participants were 47.47± 7.72. The results of Pearson correlation showed a positive significant relationship between problem-focused and avoidant coping styles with quality of life and its subscales (p0.05).
Generally, the results showed that appropriate use of stress-coping strategies is effective in people’s quality of life. Hence, the use of psychological interventions and stress management training with problems are recommended to enhance psychological state and quality of life among patients with cancer.

The identification of maternal health status is a fundamental principle for any society, because mothers play an important role in the education of healthy children for the future of a country..
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the general health and resiliency of mothers of school-age children in the city of Yazd, Iran..
Patients and This cross-sectional study was done on 122 mothers with school-age children who referred to Parnian Counseling and Psychological Center in Yazd during 2014. Of these numbers, 59 women had children with learning difficulties who were being treated by a psychologist. Convenient sampling method was used in this study. Data were collected from a demographic information form, general health questionnaire (GHQ), and a resiliency assessment (CD-IRSC). Data were analyzed using SPSS-18 and descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, T-test, and stepwise regression)..
The results showed a significant relationship between general health and components of somatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, and social dysfunction with resiliency in mothers of school age children. There was no significant difference between the general health and resiliency among mothers of children with learning difficulties and those without such difficulties (P > 0.05). It also became clear that social dysfunction, anxiety, and sleep disorder have the highest ability to predict resiliency among mothers (P Based on our results, we can infer that the greater the mental health of mothers, the greater their ability to cope with life events. So, faced with unpleasant events such as fear and disease, they can show a better response..

The question of quality of life has attracted a lot of attention in recent years and is increasingly becoming the object of theoretical and empirical research in various disciplines. The study of such a concept is based on the fundamental assumption that the social and physical environment of an area can influence the well-being of people residing in that area [1]. Hence, measuring the quality of urban life in developed countries is one of the main purposes of urban studies which includes multiple biological, social, environmental, and economic components. Considering this indicator in cities is important as an efficient tool in urban management and planning and in determining the rate of community health [1, 2]. Iran as a developing country has high growth in urban population and in the number of cities. The urban population of the country (0.71.4) and the number of urban areas (up to 1331 areas) have increased according to 2011 statistics [3]. The total number of Afghan nationals in Iran in 2015 was about 2,500,000, about 1,000,000 of whom have been allowed to live in cities. At first glance, this figure seems to be insignificant, but those refugees and illegal immigrants who live in Iran and are unwilling to return to Afghanistan are deprived of many health and safety facilities for reasons of security, employment, and housing [4]. Most Afghan refugees have chosen to live in deprived urban areas that are unlike other urban areas in terms of the health reform and social-economic prosperity; moreover, the quality of life there is low. Studying and identifying the problems of immigrants in old and deprived areas in order to meet their health and security needs is crucial [2, 3]. Until now, few studies have investigated the quality of life in urban areas of Iran, particularly in deprived and old areas. Some studies have shown that no official investigation into the living conditions and access to health, comforts, and service facilities for Afghan immigrants has been done. Questions remain. Even though effective and necessary actions have been taken by the Interior Ministry to meet the needs of Afghan immigrants, are the satisfaction and quality of life of Afghan immigrants as long as they live in this country up to the standards of a community? Is there a significant difference in the quality of life of Afghan immigrants and citizens? It should be noted that considering the quality of life of Afghan immigrants can encourage them to have an effective presence and promote health dimensions in their community and increase their sense of satisfaction with life [1]. It is recommended that the following international assessment strategies be used to improve the quality of life of Afghan immigrants in deprived areas: 1. Assessing Quality of Urban Life, developed by Doctor Fu (2008), has 14 and 18 indicators related to biological, psychological, social, and spiritual health, living conditions, and welfare services [5]. This tool is a good indicator of the ratio of health and safety facilities for a community, especially deprived areas. 2. The quality of life indicator developed by Lee in 2008 is a powerful tool for measuring biological and psychological health, housing, leisure and sports activities, community involvement, and holidays among people in a community [6]. 3. Scientific research that examines the quality of urban life among Afghan immigrants and compares it with common urban lives should be conducted.

Diabetes is now known as one of the chronic diseases that besides body have negative effects on the psychological status of patients. The present study aimed to assess the physical and mental attributes of patients to evaluate and compare life expectancy and mental health among diabetic patients with normal ones. This was an analytic cross-sectional study, that was done on 91 adults about 30 to 60 years old in Kermanshah that 51 had type 2 diabetic patients and 40 was normal. The Sampling method of this research was convenience. Life Expectancy Inventory (LEI-33) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used to collect information. SPSS-16, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and T-test were used for analyzing data. Analyzing data showed a negative significant correlation between life expectancy and general health among adults (P<0.01). T-test results showed that life expectancy and general health status in non-patients was better than type 2 diabetic patients that this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of this study showed that type 2 diabetic patients have too much psychological pressure exposure, which reduces their hope to live. Hence of psychotherapy and pharmacological interventions is needed to improve the psychological care as well.

Respecting the increase in the number of elderly in societies, upraising the phsyco-somatic health among elderly is one of the important pillars in each government. The government should try its best in order to preserve the health and wellbeing of the elderly society by accurate planning for recognizing the wellbeing factors and reinforcing the superior plans in this age group. Being nonathletic is a factor for mal performance that could affect health, so in this research we have decided to compare depression, anxiety and stress among athletic and nonathletic elderly groups. This comparative study had been done on 142 elderly in Kermanshah city with the accessible sampling method. The used tools were general information questionnaire (Demography) and also depression, anxiety and stress (DASS- 21). Descriptive (mean, standard deviation, and percent) and deductive statistic (T- test and Chi- square) were used for analyzing the data. Analyzing data by using T-test for independent groups shows that the level of stress, depression and anxiety among athletic elderly is noticeably less than nonathletic group (p<0/05). The results of this study showed that elderly athletes had less depression, anxiety and stress than their non-athletic peers. Exercising is being recognized as a factor for better somatic operation, increasing longevity and also preferment of mental health.