فهرست مطالب mohammadmehdi dehghan

Repeated Ovum Pick Up (OPU) could have a detrimental effect on ovarian function, reducing In Vitro Embryo Production (IVEP). The present study examined the therapeutic effect of adipose–derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) or its Conditioned Medium (ConM) on ovarian trauma following repeated OPU. Resolvin E1 (RvE1) and Interleukin-12 (IL-12) were investigated as biomarkers.

Jersey heifers (n=8) experienced 11 OPU sessions including 5 pre-treatment and 6 treatment sessions. Heifers received intra-ovarian administration of MSCs or ConM (right ovary) and Dulbecco’s Modified Phosphate Buffer Saline (DMPBS; left ovary) after OPU in sessions 5 and 8 and 2 weeks after session 11. The concentrations of RvE1 and IL-12 in follicular fluid was evaluated on sessions 1, 5, 6, 9, and 4 weeks after session 11. Following each OPU session, the IVEP parameters were recorded.

Intra-ovarian administration of MSCs, ConM, and DMPBS did not affect IVEP parameters (p>0.05). The concentration of IL-12 in follicular fluid increased at the last session of pre-treatment (Session 5; p<0.05) and remained elevated throughout the treatment period. There was no correlation between IL-12 and IVEP parameters (p>0.05). However, RvE1 remained relatively high during the pre-treatment and decreased toward the end of treatment period (p<0.05). This in turn was associated with decline in some IVEP parameters (p<0.05).

Intra-ovarian administration of MSCs or ConM during repeated OPU did not enhance IVEP outcomes in Bos taurus heifers. The positive association between RvE1 and some of IVEP parameters could nominate RvE1 as a promising biomarker to predict IVEP parameters following repeated OPU.

 Bone metastases are one of the most important consequences of breast cancer, and the possibility of developing them is greatly increased due to the late diagnosis of the cancer. In general, systemic treatments for metastases can have many side effects. To reduce this concern, tissue engineering scaffolds containing osteogenesis drugs can be used to minimize these problems as much as possible.

 In this study, polycaprolactone/polyvinyl alcohol (PCL/PVA) composite scaffolds were prepared for use in bone tissue engineering with a weight percentage of strontium ranelate (SrR) drug (0, 5, and 20) by shell-core emulsion electrospinning method. Scaffolds prepared in this study were subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle, and biodegradation analyses for morphological and structural investigation. Then, to check their biocompatibility, an MTT test was performed.

 The results of SEM images showed the nanostructure of the fibers. Also, the presence of interconnected pores with a suitable size was confirmed by the images. MTT results proved the non-toxicity of all prepared scaffolds by high cell viability (˃80%). According to the obtained results, the composite scaffolds containing the drug SrR have been successfully synthesized and have the desired properties for use in bone regeneration applications.

 Controlling bone metastases due to breast cancer is an important concern. In this study, the composite scaffold containing strontium ranlate showed suitable physicochemical, biocompatibility, and osteogenesis characteristics.

Open wounds affecting the distal part of limbs are commonly seen in horses. Due to certain factors, such as limited connective tissue available, potentiated growth of excessive granulation tissue, risk of contamination, and poor response to common treatments, healing of these wounds becomes a major problem for veterinarians on a number of occasions. Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) for enhancing wound healing has received a great deal of scientific attention. Among the MSCs, those derived from adipose tissue are frequently used owing to their availability, large number of cells after the primary harvest, and the capacity to differentiate to different cell lines.

The current study aimed to evaluate type 1 and 3 collagen genes expression in horse distal limb wounds treated via adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and its comparison with bone marrow-derived stem cells.

After treatment of the experimental open wounds created in the distal limbs of four horses via autologous MSCs, real-time PCR was used for evaluating and comparing the expression of type I and III collagen genes in the healing wounds.

Significant differences in the expression of type I and III collagen genes were observed between the treatment groups. Despite the fact that the greatest collagen genes expression belonged to bone marrow-derived MSCs, no significant differences were seen with adipose-derived MSCs.

Owing to the advantages and an acceptable performance, adipose-derived MSCs could be considered as a novel approach to enhancing limb wound healing in horses.

Although various researches have been conducted to improve therapeutic strategies in resolving spinal cord injuries, robust clinical treatment is not yet available. Developing a standard animal model is essential before treatment.

The present study was performed to introduce a simple, applicable, and minimally invasive approach for access to epidural space in cat.

We used per-cutaneous approach from lumbosacral junction for stainless steel cannula insertion to the epidural space. CT-scan, conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, tractography, and behavioral evaluation were used to assess the correct position of cannula and neurological condition of the patient.

MRI results showed no significant change in signal intensity index of neural structures under lumbosacral junction. These observations were further supported by tractography, and also behavioral examination during study.

We found that per-cutaneous approach from lumbosacral junction is a simple and applicable approach which has no side effects and artifact formation in MRI evaluation.

Spinal cord injuries are one of the main causes of disability with devastating neurological consequences and secondary conflicts in other organs. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have been recognized as novel, promising methods in the treatment of tissue injuries, especially in neurological damage in recent decades. Hydrogels have the advantage of compatibility with damaged tissue, and injectable hydrogels can be applied in minimally invasive surgeries. This study aimed to evaluate an injectable hydrogel-based scaffold consisting of thiolated chitosan and alginate for neural tissue regeneration.

In the present study, an injectable hydrogel-based containing thiolated chitosan and alginate was prepared. Microbiology and pH tests were performed. Microstructural properties and porosity of scaffold were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The swelling /shrinkage ratio and rates of biodegradation were also conducted. Finally, the viability of L929 cells on the scaffold was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Thiolated chitosan/ alginate hydrogel had low pH with no contamination. SEM showed hydrogel had a porous microstructure with a mean pore diameter of 21.89 ± 0.32 μm which is suitable for cell culture. Furthermore, according to MTT test results, this hydrogel was biocompatible.

Thiolated chitosan/ alginate hydrogel is convenient for application in neural tissue engineering based on its structural properties and its ability to support cell proliferation. According to the in vitro analysis, it can also be used as a scaffold to create a suitable environment for increasing cell viability.

Magnetic cell targeting is a novel non-invasive cellular delivery technique. It improves stem cell delivery to and retention in the injury site. Labeling cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) is one of the most important steps of this technique. Appropriate SPIONs selection is believed to be of vital importance.

The current study aimed to produce SPIONs which are capable of attaching to Mesenchymal stem cells surface (MSCs).

Dextran coated SPIONs were produced following co-precipitation method under N2 atmosphere. Bone marrow derived MSCs were isolated and cultured from rabbit humerus bone. Anti-rabbit CD44 monoclonal antibody was attached to the surface of SPIONs and MSCs and were labeled with this final product. SPIONs coating process, particle size, and antibody conjugation efficacy were evaluated using FT-IR, SEM, and Bradford protein measurement assay, respectively. Attachment of antibody-linked dextran coated SPIONs to MSCs was accessed utilizing Prussian blue staining, immunofluorescence analysis, and SEM analysis.

Peaks of FT-IR at 3200 cm-1 and 2922 cm-1 are representative of dextran. The average particle size was 56.13±6.67. The average antibody-SPION conjugation ratio was 77.78±6.35%. The average percentage of the labeled cells in Prussian blue and IF analysis were 71.57±2.53 and 95.04±0.95, respectively. MSCs-SPIONs conjugation was also confirmed via SEM analysis.

In conclusion, it could be inferred that mesenchymal stem cells could successfully be labeled with dextran coated-anti CD44 antibody conjugated- superparamagnetic Iron oxide nanoparticles. This product could be used for further in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations.

Equine superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendonitis is a very common cause of lameness in athletic horses inducing long lameness and prolonged recovery. Multiple treatment protocols have been proposed for this injury none of which have been able to solve the problem completely. Therefore, an affordable, widely available, and non-invasive thera-peutic protocol is sought in the horse industry.

The present study aimed to compare the use of topical dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with a combination of topical DMSO and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF).

The subjects were divided into two groups of five polo ponies. The animals in the control group were treated by topical DMSO and controlled exercise, while the ponies in the experiment group received the same protocol plus PEMF on the injured tendon.

The ultrasonographic factors evaluated in the current study were mostly similar between the two groups except for fiber alignment and echogenicity. The latter variables were shown to have a slightly better improvement in the test group indicating the minimal positive effects of PEMF. In clinical evaluation, both groups were almost identical sug-gesting no impacts for PEMF.

In conclusion, applying PEMF using different protocols, such as more extended application at differ-ent frequencies is deemed necessary to elicit a favorable outcome of PEMF for the treatment of SDF tendonitis.

Although various studied have been done to improve therapeutic strategies in resolving spinal cord injuries, robust clinical treatment is not yet available. Developing a standard animal model is essential to achieve effective treatment for such injuries. The present study was performed to introduce a simple, applicable, and minimally invasive approach for access to epidural space in cats.

We used a percutaneous approach from the lumbosacral junction for stainless steel cannula insertion to the epidural space without fluoroscopy. CT scan, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tractography, and behavioral evaluation were used to assess the correct position of the cannula and the neurological condition of the animal.

MRI results showed no significant change in signal intensity index of neural structures under lumbosacral junction. These observations are further supported by tractography, and also behavioral examination during the study.

We found that the percutaneous approach from the lumbosacral junction is a simple and applicable approach that has no side effects and artifact formation in MRI evaluation.a

Tendon repair requires a sequence of medical procedures such as physical modalities, tissue engineering, growth factors, and mechanical stimulation. Previous studies have shown that using of PRP is effective in tendon healing.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differentiation effect of PRCR on mesenchymal stem cells extracted from rabbits’ bone marrow.

Mesenchymal stem cells were extracted from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) of 10 New Zealand white rabbits. The cells were then examined both flow cytometrically and morphologically. Afterwards, the cells received treatment using PRCR. Finally, the markers indicating tenocytes were analyzed through the method of Real-Time PCR.

Investigating the differences between differentiated cells and undifferentiated stem cells (BM-MSCs) regarding the expression of four genes including Scx, Tnmd, Col I, and Tenascin C revealed that the level of expression in all the four genes was significantly enhanced after receiving PRCR- mediated treatment.

BM-MSCs treated with PRCR express high levels of tendon-related genes and undergo differentiation into tenocyte-like cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been utilized as an aid in regeneration of bone defects however due to the poor homing ability via systemic injection, local administration, genetic manipulation has been used more. The present study aimed to compare the local and systemic application of MSCs in regeneration of bone defects.

Sixty Wistar male rats were used in this study. Circular 5×5 mm bone defects were created in the angle of the mandible. Autogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were obtained and culture expanded. Green fluorescent positive (GFP+) transfection has been performed for the possible detection of the cells in the healed bone. The rats were randomly treated in four groups; 1. Beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold seeded with MSC (β-TCP+MSC), 2. Intravenous MSC injection with β-TCP scaffold in the defect (MSC), 3. β-TCP without cell therapy (β-TCP) and 4. Control defects that left empty. The rats were euthanized after 8 weeks. New bone formation (BF) were investigated by hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Localized cell therapy (β-TCP+MSC group) showed the highest healing rate (BF= 54.05±2.39%) followed by MSC systemic injection (BF= 22.69±3.87%) (P≤0.05). Inflammatory cells infiltration was evident dominantly in systemic injection cell group. Immunohistchemical analysis showed existence of the MSCs around the defects. GFP+ cells were mainly detected in the defect in β-TCP+MSC group while few GFP+ cells were detected in the MSC systemic group.

local application of the MSCs with synthetic scaffold showed better results than intravenous administration of MSCs in treatment of rat mandible bone defects.

Thoracoscopy is a minimally invasive method used in diagnosis and treatment of many disorders in animals, however, its application in smaller species is limited in literature which can be contributed to the challenges faced while performing a minimally invasive procedure in smaller mammals.

Evaluating the feasibility and ideal port placement considering heart as the target organ in rabbit. Also, the impact of ventilation protocol on rate of mortality was evaluated.

Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were used in this experiment. Approaches used for the introduction of the camera were Para-xiphoid and intercostal space, the optimal spot for insertion of the second trocar relative to the camera was also evaluated, lung damage and rate of mortality were assessed under two different mechanical ventilation modes of pressure-controlled and volume-controlled.

Surgical view gained through the para-xiphoid approach is rather panoramic and spatial than the direct intercostal view, maneuver on the heart with an instrument is easier when the 5th intercostal space is used for the second trocar. With the help of PCV, lungs sustain less damage and atelectasis can be avoided till the end of the procedure and therefore, less mortality is experienced.

Using the Para-xiphoid approach and the correct ventilation protocol provides sufficient working space under good vison, which makes the rabbit thoracoscopic heart model a practical model that can be used in many cardiac experiments.

Protelos (Pr) is a drug treatment for osteoporosis which reduces the risk of broken bones. The drug is unusual in that it both increases the deposition of new bone by osteoblasts and reduces the resorption of bone by osteoclasts. In this study, the effect of different amounts of Pr on the properties of gelatin-based scaffolds has been investigated.

Halloysite nanotube (HNT) was used to control the release of Pr, while the HNT: Pr ratios changed. (2:1 (0.5-GHPr) and 1: 2 (2-GHPr)). For characterization of the scaffolds, the morphology, structure, mechanical behavior, and release behavior of this nanocomposite scaffold were studied. Also, cellular studies such as 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium deposition of the nanocomposite scaffolds were investigated.

As a result, it can be stated that the 2-GHPr nanocomposite scaffold showed the best osteogenesis and release behavior between prepared scaffolds. In the case of mechanical properties, also 2-GHPr scaffolds had the best mechanical strength and modulus.

According to the results, it can be mentioned that 2-GHPr composite scaffolds are a good choice in bone tissue engineering (TE).

This study investigated whether short stimulation (30 minutes) of human adipose stem cells (hASCs) with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol or 1,25-(OH)2VitD3), fitting within the surgical procedure time frame, suffices to induce osteogenic differentiation, and compared this with continuous treatment with 1,25-(OH)2VitD3.

In this experimental study, hASCs were pretreated with/without 10 nM calcitriol for 30 minutes, seeded on biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), and cultured for 3 weeks with/without 1,25-(OH)2VitD3. Cell attachment was determined 30 minutes after cell seeding. AlamarBlue assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, ALP staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and protein assay were used to evaluate the effect of short calcitriol pretreatment on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hASCs up to 3 weeks.

Pretreatment with 1,25-(OH)2VitD3 enhanced the attachment of hASCs to BCP by 1.5-fold compared to nontreated cells and increased the proliferation by 3.5-fold at day 14, and 2.6-fold at day 21. In contrast, continuous treatment increased the proliferation by 1.7-fold only at day 14. After 2 weeks, ALP activity was increased by 18.5-fold when hASCs were pretreated with 1,25-(OH)2VitD3 for 30 minutes but increased only 2.6-fold when compared with its continuous counterpart. Moreover, after 14 days, pretreatment resulted in significant upregulation of the osteogenic markers RUNX2 and SPARC by 3.6-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively, while this was not observed upon continuous treatment. Finally, 30 minutes pretreatment of hASCs with 1,25-(OH)2VitD3 increased VEGF189 expression, which may contribute to the process of angiogenesis.

This study is the first research showing that 30 minutes pretreatment of hASCs with 1,25-(OH)2VitD3, not only enhanced cell attachment to the scaffold at seeding time, but also promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hASCs more strongly than continuous treatment, suggesting that short pre-treatment with 1,25-(OH)2VitD3 is a promising approach for the regeneration of bones in a one-step surgical procedure.

Minimally invasive methods are desirable and important for therapeutic purposes and animal modeling of intervertebral disc disease. Most  therapeutics and models are delivered and induced invasively rather than minimally invasively. Application of minimally invasive approaches in intervertebral disc, which is closed to critical structures, would be advantageous.

The objective of this study is to introduce and evaluate a new approach for percutaneous needle placement using computed tomography for injection and aspiration of the canine lumbar intervertebral disc.

This study was performed on eighteen healthy dogs in two different intervals. In each interval, three intervertebral discs were chosen and a spinal needle with suitable gauge were inserted at the center of the disc through the annulus fibrosus into the nucleus pulposus using computed tomography.

Accuracy and agility of needle placement showed better results with progression of study. The number of needle placement in proper position was one time minimally and three times maximally. Only in 10.2% of cases was minor hemorrhage observed in needle puncture site. The average time for placement of every needle was 141 s. No unexpected complication was observed.

Needle placement into the canine intervertebral disc could be applied in a simple and fast procedure for therapeutic and research purposes without any complication.

Minimally invasive methods are desirable and important for therapeutic purposes and animal modeling of intervertebral disc disease. Most  therapeutics and models are delivered and induced invasively rather than minimally invasively. Application of minimally invasive approaches in intervertebral disc, which is closed to critical structures, would be advantageous.

The objective of this study is to introduce and evaluate a new approach for percutaneous needle placement using computed tomography for injection and aspiration of the canine lumbar intervertebral disc.

This study was performed on eighteen healthy dogs in two different intervals. In each interval, three intervertebral discs were chosen and a spinal needle with suitable gauge were inserted at the center of the disc through the annulus fibrosus into the nucleus pulposus using computed tomography.

Accuracy and agility of needle placement showed better results with progression of study. The number of needle placement in proper position was one time minimally and three times maximally. Only in 10.2% of cases was minor hemorrhage observed in needle puncture site. The average time for placement of every needle was 141 s. No unexpected complication was observed.

Needle placement into the canine intervertebral disc could be applied in a simple and fast procedure for therapeutic and research purposes without any complication.

Stem cells have great effects in clinical cell-based therapy. Accordingly, controlling the behavior and directing the fate of stem cells cultured in the laboratory is an important issue.

The aim of this study was to evaluate osteogenic properties of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) which differentiated toward osteogenic linage by osteoblast-imprinted substrate.

Rat ADSCs seeded on osteoblast-imprinted substrates, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in cellular supernatant of days 7 and 14. Alizarin Red staining of mineral matrix production in day 17 was performed. In order for in vivo evaluation, after seeding differentiated cells on a simple collagen scaffold, samples were implanted in an 8mm critical size calvarial defect. After 4 weeks defect site was harvested and prepared for histopathological examination.

ALP in both time points was significantly more than in undifferentiated ADSCs. (p<0.05). Alizarin red staining of differentiated cells showed a great production of mineral matrix nodules in cell culture plate. Histopathological investigations revealed greater amount of new bone formation and mostly in the center of defect, indicate osteoinductive effect of differentiated cells in vivo.

The osteoblast-imprinted substrate can mimic the topography and shape of natural osteoblast, which can mechanically direct ADSCs toward osteogenesis.

Equine wounds, particularly those involving the distal portion of the limbs, often undergo prolonged complex healing and may enter a non-healing state with obvious financial and welfare implications. Poor blood supply and lower levels of oxygen to the lower limbs lead to imbalance of growth factors related to wound healing. Decellular amniotic membrane has been widely used in soft tissue engineering especially skin regeneration due to its biological and mechanical properties. It is used as a scaffold for treatment of partial full thickness wound dressing. Evaluation of the effects adipose derived mesenchymal cells (ADMSCs) cultured on decellularized amniotic membrane (DAM) in wound healing of distal part of equine limb. Stem cells were isolated from adipose tissue in the base of the tail and then cultured and seeded on bovine decellular amniotic membrane. Full thickness excision wounds (2x3 cm) were created on the mid-lateral of all metatarsus of each horse aseptically. The wounds were classified into four groups: the first one covered by DAM seeded by ADMSCs, the second one dressed with only DAM, the third one treated with1% silver sulfadiazine, and the last one as control with no treatment. Digital photographs of wounds were obtained at each bandage change while biopsy samples were obtained for histopathology at days 5, 15 and 30 after treatment. Wounds treated with DAM/ADMSCs significantly demonstrated promotion of wound healing in geometric analysis of total wound area, epithelialization and wound contraction compared with the other groups (P<0.05). Microscopically, re-epithelization of wounds covered by DAM/ADMSCs and DAM at day 5 was significantly more than Control group (P<0.05). Fibroplasia in wounds treated with DAM/ADMSCs and DAM was higher than the group that received sulfadiazine (P<0.05). These results indicate positive effects of using DAM to improve the quality and speed of wound healing. Use of DAM as a scaffold for ADMSCs shows better results.

Today, sport competitions are being held under different titles around the world and have attracted many fans. Team sports like football and volleyball have turned to big businesses and huge amounts of money are involved in the transfer of team players. So, one of the important issues in sports is to search new team members to fill open positions and to enhance the quality of the teams. Single attribute decision has recently been made to select top volley ball players while experts believe that this field requires multi attribute decisions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a scientific framework to rank volleyball players and to select top players to play their roles in different positions. Firstly, a list of criteria to select players in different positions was provided using literature review and meetings with experts of the field. Then, SWARA method and experts’ viewpoints were employed to prioritize and weigh the mentioned criteria. TODIM method was introduced to finally select top players from the existing options. To assure the accuracy of the research path, the designed framework was used to rank those players participating in 2015 World Cup in Japan and to form the world selected team. This study was application in terms of aims and descriptive – survey in terms of data collection.

ARDS is a lung disorder that causes death in human and livestock and new therapeutic approaches such as stem cell therapy are essential because of lack of specific drug therapies for it.
Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of intrapulmonary transplantation of BM-MSCs to improvement of clinical signs in experimental model of ARDS created by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)E.Coli strains-O55:B5 in sheep is the aim of this study.
In this study, 10 male sheep 3-4 months old Shall were used after random placement into two groups, treatment and control. Of sheep in the treatment group after anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine collected bone marrow samples and in the clean room BM-MSCs isolated, amplified and were identified with the evaluation of surface markers. Then experimental model of ARDS was induced by endotracheal injection of LPS to dose 400μg/kg. Clinical signs and radiograph images performed before and 24 hours after injection of LPS. After confirming inflammation, the sheep were anesthetized and on sternal position 50×106 cells of BM-MSCs third passage were transferred in treatment group as autograft by the catheter lavage in the bifurcation of the trachea and PBS in control group. Then clinical signs were recorded at hours of 3,6and 12 and on days 1,2,3 and 7 in both groups and finally, were analyzed based on the scored system.
The data showed transplantation of BM-MSCs caused significant improvement in clinical signs including heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, respiratory sounds, cough, mucosal status, nasal secretions, appetite and physical condition compared with control group. A significant decrease in respiratory rate and body temperature from 12 hours and in heart rate from 24 hours to next be began. Also, changes in breath sounds on the first day after transplantation, physical condition, mucous membranes and appetite on the third day, the occurrence of cough and abnormal discharge from the nose on the seventh day had returned to pre-inflammation (-24 time) and the median of score was zero for them.
This study showed that transplantation of BM-MSCs can cause improves and the reduction in the severity of the clinical signs of ARDS, significantly.

Innovation capability plays an important role in a business continuity and provides the ability for effective competition of organizations in the unstable environment of the present society.Since banks are one of the most important service organizations, they need remarkable innovation. This will attract new customers among the other competitors .So, innovation assessment would help them effectively.This study aims to provide a fuzzy hybrid expert model for assessment of banks innovation. In this regard, innovation influencing factors were identified. After all the activities are done, , the factors that are affecting the Banks innovation are recognized by experts. Then, these factors are weighted by using Best-Worst multi-criteria decision making method and experts opinion. Then, by using fuzzy MULTIMOORA method, 6 branches of Ansar Bank assessed as a case study. The results of this survey indicate that strategic factors, internal factors and the customer are the most important factors affecting innovation in the banking field and also the bank perspective is identified as the most important sub-criteria. Finally, based on the results of this research, some implementation and research recommendations were provided.

R & D is one of the most important departments in organizations and selecting the most appropriate candidate as the team manager, can have a significant impact on its success. Despite these necessities, there has not been developed a structured framework to help identify appropriate criteria to select the R&D team manager yet. Nevertheless, this study aims to introduce a new combined approach for selection of R&D team managers. For this purpose, the required criteria are obtained from existing competency models. Afterwards, due to the variety of identified criteria and this fact that the weight of each criterion is different from the experts’ point of view, a combination of multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) methods has been used. Therefore, for the weighting of the criteria, the revised SIMOS method and for the selecting of the most appropriate candidate as the team manager, ARAS interval method was used respectively. The framework proposed in this study was used to select the most appropriate candidate for R&D project manager in Keyson Company. According to the results, the most important criteria in the selection of the managers are the individual skills (especially selecting and assigning personnel, allocating resources and having systematic viewpoints).

Objectives- The purpose of the study was to observe whether PRP, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and combining them could help make improvements the healing of Achilles tendons in rabbits.
Design- Experimental study.
Animals-Sixteen male, healthy and mature white New Zealand rabbits.
Procedures- The animals were randomiaed into 4 groups: Control, PRP, MSCs with fibrin glue and MSCs PRP therapy. A 3 mm diameter defect was created in the midsubstance of the medial M. gastrocnemius tendon in all rabbits. After 4 and 8 weeks, animals were euthanized (each time point, 2 rabbits of the each group) and samples were examined in term of histologic scoring with H & E and Masson's Trichrome.
Results- Histologic investigations confirmed that all 3 methods of treatment in Achilles tendon defect had suitable reparative effects. Final histologic scoring for control group at 4th week after operation was 4.5 in contrast to treatment groups (PRP =6, MSCs = 5.5 and MSCs PRP= 8). Final histologic scoring in all 4 groups improved at 8th week after operation (control=6.5, PRP =9.5, MSCs = 8.5 and MSCs PRP= 14.5).
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- This study indicated that using PRP or MSCs treatment alone and combination of them in injured tendon improved healing process and decreased time of repair. Reparative effect of PRP in tendon defect was better than use of allogenic MSCs treatment. However, the combination of them caused the best results.

In this study, the bone regeneration ability of polyacrylamide hydrogel and nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds (PAAH/NHA) and stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ADSCs) in the healing of critical sized bone defects in rabbit radius were assessed.
Animals and procedures: 12 New Zealand white male rabbits were divided into 3 groups. The rabbits were anesthetized and 15 mm bone defects were created on the radius. According to the group, scaffold with or without ADSCs were implanted into the defects. These groups were as follows: A (control group, bone defect without any treatment), B (embedding of PAAH/NHA scaffolds in the bone defect) and C (embedding of PAAH/NHA scaffolds with stem cells derived from adipose tissue in the bone defect). The animals were euthanized 12 weeks after surgery and histopathologic evaluation were carried out.
Result and microscopic examination revealed significant increase in new bone formation in group C than B. The results of this study showed that the use of stem cells derived from adipose tissue implanted on PAAH/NHA scaffold can stimulate osteogenesis.

Objective- The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy MSCs transplantation in combination with low level laser irradiation (low level laser irradiation) in repair of experimental acute spinal cord injury.
Design- Experimental study.
Animals- 28 adult male Wistar Rats.
Procedures- A ballon- compression technique was used to produce an injury at the T8-T9 level of spinal cord applying Fogarty embolectomy catheter. In group-1, the autologous MSCs were transplanted to the spinal cord lesion; and followed by treatment with low level laser irradiation during 15 consecutive days in group-2. The injured rats in third group were treated by LLLI alone. The functional recovery was assessed using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotion scoring along 5 weeks.
Results-In these three treatment groups, the score was significantly higher than control group. The differences among group-2 and two other treatment groups were statistically significant during all five weeks after treatment. There were no significant differences in BBB score between group-1(MSCs) and group-3(LLLI) at 3rd, 4th and 5th weeks of treatment. According to histopathological findings, the best response was observed in group-2(MSCsⲲ) that repair of injured parts of dorsal funiculi and less cavitation were occurred by proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiation to glial cells especially oligodendrocytes resulting in axon regeneration and relatively spinal cord recovery.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- The findings of present study, demonstrate that concurrent use of LLLI and local transplantation of MSCs exhibits profound effects on axon regeneration and revealed remarkable functional improvement. These results suggest that MSCs characteristics could be influenced by low level laser irradiation, so this treatment may be as a useful procedure for neural regeneration, although further detailed investigations needs to be carried out particularly in clinical cases.

Simulating environmental conditions for the satellite attitude sensors is a fundamental requirement of hardware in the loop tests of attitude determination and control subsystem. In this paper, a new design for simulating sun vector and magnetic vector is presented. The operating environment for attitude sensors is simulated using a sun simulator, a two-degree-of-freedom table for changing the attitude of the sun sensor, and a three-axis Helmholtz coil. The sensors measurements showed that with this setup, the sun and magnetic vectors can be created with an acceptable accuracy using the orbital position and the attitude of the satellite. So, the test bed can be used for attitude determination of hardware in the loop tests.