mohammadrasol almasifard

Entrepreneurship, as the economy's driving force, plays a vital role in job creation, livelihood improvement, and economic growth. In developing countries, which face numerous economic challenges, strengthening the entrepreneurial environment can effectively reduce unemployment and increase social welfare. Therefore, this study examines the government governance model for improving the entrepreneurial environment in Iran, emphasizing enhancing the entrepreneurial culture. This research is applied in nature and employs a descriptive-correlational method of structural equation modeling for data collection. The statistical population of this study included all managers and experts active in universities and government in the field of entrepreneurship, from which 196 individuals were selected as samples. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. This study's results emphasize the government's crucial role and its six key roles in improving entrepreneurship. The government should act as a policymaker, leader, and supporter of entrepreneurial culture, alongside media and educational institutions, by implementing targeted and extensive actions to develop an entrepreneurial culture. The current government programs, mostly focused on economic factors, may not yield the desired results due to their one-dimensional nature and require attention to cultural variables. This study provides practical recommendations for planners and policymakers in the business environment sector.

The presence of companies and organizations in charitable activities is a necessity. Otherwise, customers in the third millennium will be reluctant to prolong the life of such companies. Increasing the attention of the community and companies to cause-related marketing has led to conducting more scientific research in this field. The purpose of this research was to design a model of the success factors of cause-related marketing in Iran. This study was a qualitative research performed in two stages. First, the success factors of cause-related marketing were identified and interpreted by reviewing theoretical foundations and previous studies through qualitative content analysis. Then, to confirm and validate the identified factors, they were presented to 20 marketing experts. The results showed that the success factors of cause-related marketing in Iran had the following dimensions: product considerations, including the components of product innovation, product quality, and product nature; advertising considerations, including the components of the presence of celebrities, various tools, verbal advertising, and quantity and quality of advertising; customer considerations, including the elements of loyalty, customer income, prior experience, motivation and willingness, customer perception of company ethics, belief, and vision; financial considerations, including the components of financial contribution of the organization, type and method of assistance, and degree of customer’s financial assistance; strategic considerations, including the elements of transparency, duration and frequency of repetition of programs, creativity in programs, and fitness of programs; and public considerations, including the elements of company’s credit, cooperation with charities, and Charity Topic.

The importance of Knoeledge based Spin-offs and their economic and social impact through the commercialization of university based research has long been a topic of interest to academics and policymakers. The increasing role of knowledge, innovation and technology in economic and social development has caused the relations between academia, industry and government, Both in terms of structure and in terms of today 's conditions, These three institutions, while functional, undergo a fundamental transformation.university, as a base for scienceproduction , should explain entrepreneurial knowledge according to economic and social issusand with careful planning and policy-making and the need for research support, use the results of university research in Knoeledge based Spin-offs. Today, Knoeledge based Spin-offs are considered in the new generation mission of most universities and as a major commercial and economic value, it is considered a factor in the application of academic research and its important role in the transfer of technology and knowledge. The purpose of this study is to introduce and study the concept, role and types of reproductive knowledge based Spin-offs. The results of the study showed that are knoeledge based Spin-offs defined as new firms to exploit the business, technology or research results that were developed at a university. knoeledge based Spin-offs are important for five reasons: they promote their regional economy, they contribute to university technological development, they assist universities in acquiring the core research and training mission, providing more income for universities than allowing technology to come to the outside companies. Also in the classification that has been done for knowledge based Spin-offs, these companies are divided into three categories: inventor-centered; Buyer-centric and investor-centric are divided.

Today increasing the level of education of human resources and reducing job opportunities due to the economic crisis in the current world, has become one of the major challenges of societies around the world. Academic entrepreneurship is increasingly important in order to find new ways to compete, increase job opportunities, succeed in uncertain and unpredictable environments, and find solutions to many challenges at the local and global levels. The purpose of this study is to identify barriers to the development of academic entrepreneurship and commercialization of knowledge in Razi university using a structural interpretive approach. The research method is a quantitative method, in terms of applied purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. the statistical population of the study was university professors and university entrepreneurs at Razi university that who were selected by purposive sampling method according to indicators such as experience, expertise, willingness and ability to participate and availability. in order to prepare the data, first by reviewing the theoretical foundations and using the opinions of 19 university professors and entrepreneurs at Razi university, the most important obstacles to entrepreneurship development and knowledge commercialization in Razi university were identified through delphi method and structural-interpretive modeling method was used for data analysis. the results show that among barriers to entrepreneurship development and commercialization of knowledge, different motivation of industry activists and university and lack of communication and networks between investors, industry activists and academics as the key factors in this study were recognized.

The importance of knowledge based spin-offs and their economic and social impact through the commercialization of university based research has long been a topic of interest to academics and policymakers. knowledge based spin-offs are becoming a major global phenomenon. At the moment, knowledge based spin-offs are considered in the new generation mission of most universities and as a major commercial and economic value, it is considered a factor in the application of academic research and its important role in the transfer of technology and knowledge. Universities are increasingly supporting the creation of knowledge based spin-offs to commercialize their research results. knowledge based spin-offs have important social and economic implications, including creating new jobs and increasing revenue streams. The purpose of this study was to explain the process of formation and development of knowledge based spin-offs and identify the most important factors affecting the development of knowledge based spin-offs. The results of the study showed that starting a knowledge based spin-offs is a multi-step process that begins with academic research and goes through the stages of creation and disclosure, intellectual property decision, technology marketing, and licensing until the company is established. The most important factors affecting the development of knowledge based spin-offs were the characteristics of the university and the founders of the knowledge based spin-offs, environmental characteristics, technology and the final product.