مجله ترویج علم
سال یازدهم شماره 18 (بهار و تابستان 1399)

The present article intends to examine the social dimensions and consequences of the coronavirus outbreak crisis (Covid 19) as a global Risk. For this purpose, Ulrich Beck's theory of "risky society" has been used. According to this theory, the emergence and spread of the Covid 19 virus can be the result of a human decision to increase profits, indirect human intervention in nature and thus a kind of global risk that will have many social consequences for societies. Corona disease has all the characteristics of a risk: first, this type of coronavirus (Covid19) has been discovered and spread for the first time, so it is a new risk, and second, the scope and number of people with the disease is constantly increasing, and third, It is expanding in time and space, which means that it has spread around the world and has spread over time. The method used in the research is the documentary study method. According to Beck's theory, one of the negative social consequences of risk (the prevalence of corona in society) is the feeling of anxiety and reduced social trust in the institution of science and governance in society. Finally, the researcher uses the concept of Beck's "cosmopolitanism" and proposes the formation of transnational organizations and democratic norms in society as a way out of risk.

Pandemics are cross-dimensional challenges and can be evaluated and monitored referring to various indicators: mortality rate, the rate of infection, economic consequences, geopolitical implications, etc. focusing on different indicators will lead to making different and even in some cases contradictory policies. Covid-19, the new Coronavirus knows as SARS-CoV-2, Outbreaks threatened healthcare and economic systems comprehensively. World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Covid-19 epidemic as a worldwide pandemic on 11 march 2020 . Pandemics are cross-dimensional challenges and can be evaluated and monitored referring to various indicators: mortality rate, the rate of infection, economic consequences, geopolitical implications, etc. focusing on different indicators will lead to making different and even in some cases contradictory policies. The covid-19 pandemic brought the future closer especially in terms of technological development. Nations with sufficient access to the financial reserve, potential foreign investment opportunities, structured free markets (especially in the downstream supply chain), human resources and global supply chain network, will experience an easier path to recover in the post-CORONA era. It is not the last time we have faced such a “black swan”. We will overcome but we will not always be so lucky. Human society needs to reconsider value paradigms to improve life quality and peaceful coexistence with other species and the environment.

Given that we humans are nothing like each other and have a variety of perceptions, we imagine different futures in different situations. Variety in life and distance from everyday life is perhaps the greatest human concern, and all the depression and frustration of human beings in the 21st century stems from this important factor. Various social events, such as floods, earthquakes, disease, and the like, sometimes surprise us. Communities that are consciously imagining their future and trying to put their images into action for a comprehensive future will never suffer. We need to be multi-faceted in the face of new futures and profound changes, and by recognizing these aspects and being aware of them, we can prepare ourselves for the future and try to contribute to our future construction. Cuvid 19 can be considered the latest trend in human society to affect all human beings in the world. The disease has led societies to make decisions, even at times, that have not been tested before, which at times have had far more dangerous consequences for the coronavirus. When there is no consensus on collective action, no further decisions can be expected. In the following article, the author will try to explore the present documents with an interpretive approach and introduce appropriate solutions to identify uncertainties that, if not addressed, will surprise us in the future. Future research-based foresight and retrospective research in certain situations, such as the Corona period, will provide valuable and significant solutions to the prevalence of covid 19 or similar events that the author intends to address. Obviously, with this approach, we will be able to build the desired future for ourselves.

The importance of knowledge based spin-offs and their economic and social impact through the commercialization of university based research has long been a topic of interest to academics and policymakers. knowledge based spin-offs are becoming a major global phenomenon. At the moment, knowledge based spin-offs are considered in the new generation mission of most universities and as a major commercial and economic value, it is considered a factor in the application of academic research and its important role in the transfer of technology and knowledge. Universities are increasingly supporting the creation of knowledge based spin-offs to commercialize their research results. knowledge based spin-offs have important social and economic implications, including creating new jobs and increasing revenue streams. The purpose of this study was to explain the process of formation and development of knowledge based spin-offs and identify the most important factors affecting the development of knowledge based spin-offs. The results of the study showed that starting a knowledge based spin-offs is a multi-step process that begins with academic research and goes through the stages of creation and disclosure, intellectual property decision, technology marketing, and licensing until the company is established. The most important factors affecting the development of knowledge based spin-offs were the characteristics of the university and the founders of the knowledge based spin-offs, environmental characteristics, technology and the final product.

The purpose of this study is to conceive the potential effects of universities on economic development that can be connected to input and output. The socio-economic environment of universities is analyzed. A quick review of the third generation and fourth generation development follows. In addition to education, research and utilization of knowledge, proactive, future-oriented economic development is also a goal regarding “Fourth Generation” universities. The indirect purpose of our study was to make the basis of a further research, thus the analysis of “Fourth Generation” universities – the confirmation or the denial of their existence – can be continued. As we emphasized in our study, the naming and topic of “Fourth Generation (Quadruple Helix)” universities cannot be considered scientifically proven unless mainly focus on the academic element of the Triple Helix model. As in this case the university can necessarily be a dominant actor regarding local economic development. It is true that the “leaps” between the first-second, and second-third generations are more dominant. However we are sure the discussion of fourth generation universities can advance our concepts and thinking in connection with university-oriented economic development, especially in less developed countries. As a result the connection between universities and industry strengthens, so there is an opportunity of the local utilization of knowledge created in universities, which increases the competitiveness of enterprises. We presented the diamond model of modern universities and introduced a virtual university model consisting of success factors that basically affect the competitiveness of the given region.

Assessment of Achievement of Goals and Adaptation to the Characteristics of informal education Education of a Science Promotion Event (Event Case Study: Let's Ask the Stone) Abstract The aims of sciencedissemination is engaging and engaging the general public with science through various means and methods. One of these methods is holding scientific events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which the goals of the "Let's Ask" event were met and the characteristics of non-formal education. The statistical population of the study included all of those that over 20 years and had visited the event and were 53 people. The data collection tool was a 17-item questionnaire in three sections: demographic characteristics, event content, informal education features, and suggestions. The results of data analysis showed that most of the stations had informal training characteristics while satisfying the visitors of the event and achieving predetermined goals (more than 70%). These results show the public's interest in participating in science events, and the need for organizations and trustees to hold these events as much as possible, and to address the scientific needs and interests of visitors when designing events.

Researchers tend to provide the results of their research activities at the shortest possible time through the media, such as scientific journals, to promote themselves and the organization. In present age, The number of scientific journals and articles is increasing every year and the decision to publish research findings in a prestigious and relevant journal is one of the challenges for young and inexperienced researchers. This delay in publication will lead to a loss of novelty, importance and effectiveness of research findings. Recommender systems in this field can be useful to both researchers and editors of journals to save time and money. On the other hand, the motivation of researchers in selecting the appropriate journal for publishing and publishing research findings is complex and related to various factors. This decision requires a wealth of information from a variety of sources on the characteristics of the publications, which may be difficult to obtain. This issue has been somewhat resolved in some of the journal recommender systems. In the end, it is up to the author to make the right choice, consciously, and weighing each of the features. In This study introduces the international journals recommender system with a review approach.

In today's uncertain business environment, companies increasingly need to work together. Coopetition is a cooperation strategy between competitors in an industry. Coopetition is a neologism that proposed to describe collaborative competition. In fact, it must be acknowledged that competition is more appropriate and ideal than other partnerships that improve products and services and better ensure the survival of companies and organizations. In recent decades the coopetitive strategy has been very popular among companies and research in this area has been growing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of coopetitive strategy on innovation performance, by mediating role of knowledge absorptive capacity and knowledge sharing. This study, is an applied research in terms of purpose, a descriptive survey in terms of data gathering and a correlational study considering relations between variables. The study population consists of the operating companies in IT industry in Tehran and Qom province and data were collected from 184 CEOs in this industry by using simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a combination of several standard questionnaires that validity was measured by Discriminant Validity and its reliability measured by Composite Reliability. The obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and SPSS23 and AMOS22. After analyzing the data via software, all hypotheses were accepted.

Complex scientific issues are an inseparable part of modern societies and are continuously debated in the public sphere. Consequently, a basic understanding of these complex issues should be possible for all individuals.  In democratic societies, a general understanding of science is important in correct process of policy-making about controversial scientific topics. Recognizing the importance of the ethical, legal, and social dimensions of new scientific developments, the federal government of USA over the last 20 years has made information activities and public understanding of science as a mandatory component of federally funded projects. The essential assumption behind these communicational projects is that greater access to information will lead to more knowledge about ethical, legal, and social issues.  This matter in turn will lead to enhanced individualsand communitiesability to deal with these issues. In this paper, a case study approach is used as a basis for evaluating theoretical models of science development to understand the relationship between these models and real-world activities