mohammadreza javadi yeganeh

The architecture of all lands, including Iran, has always been in a deep connection with culture, and it can be seen as an expression of the thoughts and values of the society. One of the important periods of Iranian architecture is the Qajar period. The changes in the architecture of this period can be analyzed under the influence of two groups of external factors (Western influence) and internal. In this article, the focus is on internal factors and to obtain data related to the subject, the travelogues of Europeans who traveled to Iran during the Qajar period were used.The research method used in this article is the content analysis method, which is based on first-hand historical data, namely Ferangian travelogues who were in Iran during the Qajar period. For this purpose, 22 travelogues were used.According to the reports of tourists, one of the characteristic features of buildings in this period was their short life. In this article, this issue has been investigated in relation to cultural, social, political and governance conditions.By examining the data obtained from the travelogues according to the physical characteristics of the buildings and the cultural, political and social characteristics of that period, it is shown that unpredictability and insecurity in the society can indirectly affect the buildings and lead to the formation of a type of short-term architecture that It prepares the ground for being influenced by the architecture of other cultures and societies.

This article aims to study the structure of the guilds (vocational interest groups) as one of the most important group organizations in the cities of pre-modern Iranian society. The "embedded networks" approach borrowed from the new economic sociology has been used to study this question. It is a case study about guilds  in the marketplace of Tehran in the period of 1800-1906 AD. In order to study the "form of governance" of the structure of guilds in the Tehran bazaar in this period, three characteristics, namely durable relations, multiplex interactions, and crosscutting ties, have been considered. Studying these characteristics showed that guilds in the Tehran bazaar in the 19th century enjoyed a network structure in the form of "Cooperative hierarchies". The Guilds made the Tehran Bazaar an orderly complex of organized networks. Therefore, the Tehran Bazaar of the 19th century was not a formless and disorderly mass but a structured and orderly complex composed of organized and integrated guild networks.

Architecture in every society is influenced by the norms and values of that society. Iranian architecture is no exception to this rule and has evolved throughout its several thousand years of history in connection with Iranian culture and ways of life. Introversion and concealment in architecture, as well as the separation of interior and exterior in traditional houses, is one of the prominent features of Iranian architecture. In this article, we have discussed the relationship of this architectural manifestation with the social ethics of Iranians in the Qajar period and we are looking for the common roots of the dual inside and outside in Iranian architecture and personality in Iran's social conditions. The research method in this article is a historical interpretation based on the data obtained from the travelogues of European tourists. The findings of the research show that the social insecurity in the society, which itself was the result of factors such as authoritarian and arbitrary government methods, has been an effective factor in the formation of this spirit in people and subsequently in houses and other buildings, and this is due to the background The cultural values of Iranians have emerged in specific ways.

The increasing complexity and, as a consequence, the self-sufficiency and independence of institutions relative to social agents is one of the problems of contemporary societies. In the course of modernization, institutions attain an objectivity that is independent of their actors. This complexity of the community management process creates issues that necessitate a focus on the future and an ability to anticipate trends and processes. Prediction is one of the neglected scientific properties in Iranian sociology. In such a way that sociology in Iran has not made an endeavor in the past fourteen decades to predict the future of a particular institution or field change. Nevertheless, sociologists have made accurate predictions unconsciously. In contrast to the prevailing trend of sociology in the rest of the world, where the future of social institutions, including the family, has received more attention, sociologists in our country have studied a variety of social changes, including revolutions and social movements. This article seeks to analyze the Iranian sociologists' perspectives on the changes in the Iranian family as reflected in their writings, in order to classify and quantify their views on the future of the Iranian family.To answer the question posed above, “what predictions have Iranian sociologists made regarding the Iranian family in terms of marriage, family size, and divorce?” The most effective method is gap analysis, which was initially utilized in engineering and has since been adapted for use in market research.In Iran, there are two distinct perspectives on the future. The first model is the result of a decade’s worth of work by futurists, which has grown increasingly potent over the past five years. Sociologists have a unique perspective on the future. They have rarely claimed the ability to predict the future, but they have expressed concern about family-related future events. Among all sociological theories, two instances can be stated with clarity. First, none of them have claimed to be able to predict the family’s future, even if they have done so in the past. Next, none of them employed conventional futuristic methods in today’s world. Yet, a substantial portion of future researchers’ research methods are derived from sociology as well. Sociology is a diverse tradition in contemporary world studies of the future. In the sphere of method, however, those who discussed the future of the family did not explicitly mention the futuristic method.Contrary to popular belief, Iranian society can be foretold through survey research. This is also evident in the realm of the family.

One of the significant phenomena in the field of literature after the Islamic Revolution of Iran of 1979 is the advent of "generalization of women's writing" and the rise of elite women fiction writers, which have won significant literary awards between 1999 to 2006. A common feature that binds many of these women writers together is their unique focus on everyday life concerns. Fariba Vafi's novel "My Bird" is no exception. The work significantly highlights the central female character's challenges and dilemmas concerning everyday life. Such an approach explains why this specific story provides a major contribution in terms of "Everyday Life Studies."In this article, an attempt is made to interpret the "everyday life" represented in "My Bird" by referring to the theories of Henri Lefebvre. Furthermore, to recognize and critically analyze everyday life elements, which have been considered in this novel, Rita Felski's formulation for identifying everyday life’s concrete components (repetition, home, habit) has also been applied.

Literacy plays an important role in making people active citizens of society. The ability to read and write means that a person can keep abreast of current events, communicate effectively, and understand the problems of the world. In the past, literacy was limited to skills such as reading and writing, but in the modern world there is also political, financial, technical, technological, urban, and historical literacy necessary for successful living in urban societies in today’s world. They are very important. For people to be able to navigate the present, to see the present and the future in the context of the past, they need to be equipped with two kinds of tools: an understanding of the field of history and a usable framework of the past. Historical literacy as a framework that can be used by the past helps in historical re-education and leads to the development of people’s historical memory by creating a fair balance in the process of historical literacy between society’s expectations of their education and people’s information, skills and awareness as the ultimate goal. Literacy has moved away from its previous limited meaning as a skill to combat ignorance and found new examples, so there is a connection between social action and literacy as a skill for empowerment. (One of the types of literacy that has not received enough attention is historical literacy. With the passage of time and the progress of life, literacy no longer means the ability to read a word, but the ability to understand the world. Historical literacy not only involves learning historical events, but also attaches importance to strengthening the ability to argue historical interpretive narratives to be able to develop the scientific literacy of members of society.

In this article, using a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest and posttest design, the issue of historical literacy of students in a class about the important historical issues of Iran, including the fall of the Safavid dynasty, the Treaty of Turkmenchai, and the construction of the national South-North railroad, was investigated and analyzed. The studied population of this research is the students of the course on Iranian social history of undergraduate studies at the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Tehran.

The results of the research show that the students’ familiarity with different historical sources and the students’ historical literacy are different in relation to the mentioned important events. One of the results is the difference in students’ views about the Turkmenchai Treaty. In the pretest, most of them thought this treaty was a shameful treaty, but in the posttest, they found a more benevolent attitude towards this treaty.

The study of students’ responses showed that by using panel research to promote students’ historical literacy at the end of the semester, students’ performance in historical empathy and historically fair judgment improved.

The purpose of this article is to review three films by Asghar Farhadi - "Chaharshanbe Soori", "About Eli" and " Nader’s Separation from Simin" - which deal with the subject of lies. The authors tried to investigate the contexts and functions of falsehood in these three cinematic narratives by using narrative analysis and using semiotic methods and physical codes (technical, social, and ideological codes). The present study, by dividing lies into three types of lies as a loophole, lies as traps and weapons, and lies as Facilitator (facilitator of daily affairs), shows that lies in Farhadi's works originate from urgency and act as an escape route.  Meanwhile, the semiotics of the three films show that the Iranian society shown in these works and its requirements for the characters of the three narratives, there is no escape but resorting to lies in the face of various issues. 

In this study, which was conducted by the field and inductive methods and through interviews with semi-structured questions, 38 researchers and employers in the electricity industry were purposefully selected and interviewed in depth. In these interviews, some questions were asked about the research ethics norms of efficient researchers in the industrial field, and the answers were collected based on their research experiences. Then, using open coding, axial coding and selective coding on the data obtained from the interviews, the final analysis was performed by interpretive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the most important characteristics of research ethics about efficient researchers are: Honesty, specialty, patience, good communication, hard work, professional ethics, beyond the commitment to act, known in the industry, being responsive to objections and criticisms, understand the problems and the issue, national patriotism & flag, faithfulness, satisfaction / understanding the needs and position of the employer, being young, problem solving concern, curiosity, persistence, innovation and patent, research articles, applicability of research in one or more companies.

The purpose of this research is to review the existing or possible divisions of different types of interaction and social relations and to present a more abstract and relatively comprehensive classification. For this purpose, the systematic review method was used and after stating or suggesting 40 divisions, the related "criteria" and "types" were coded. The result of these coding were 8 general themes, and all the above categories can be considered as the answer to one of the 8 questions each of which are dedicated to one or more aspects of the reality of interaction and social relationship: some categories have focused on the sides of the interaction, some on the means of interaction, some on the context of the interaction, and some on its origins. Some are formed according to the will of the interactors , some are focused on the subject of interaction, and finally an important part of the typologies is formed according to the characteristics of interaction and social relationship. The result of this review is the clarification of the criteria for divisions , identification of divergences and convergences in different classifications of interaction and social relations and subsumption of all these types in a general division which itself has led to an understanding of verbal commonalities and the relationship of these divisions to each other.

On the base of ethno-methodological approach, this article tried to find the common patterns that middle class followed during thinking and making decision to separate from their spouse. interviewing with 9 men and 9 women living in Tehran, demonstrated that separation is an identical issue for them.they have made decision to get a divorce only after reviewing three significant parts of their life: period of thinking about marriage, period of marital life and finally when they determined to get a divorce.after this three review, it concluded that the cost of remaining in that kind of marital life is much more than the cultural and psychological cost of a divorce.

 The present study aimed to model the structural equations of the factors affecting the styles and values and components of the circular structure of Schwartz values.

The present study was an exploratory type in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population in the qualitative part of the study included 20 academic experts who were selected in a non-discriminatory (targeted) way. The second group of the statistical population of this study in the quantitative part included the managers and employees of the Social Security Organization of Golestan Province with 518 people who were selected as the sample size using Krejcie and Morgan table. The sampling method in this study was simple random. The instrument in the qualitative part of the present study was semi-in-depth interviews and in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity and reliability of both instruments were evaluated and confirmed. The method of data analysis at the inferential level was the use of tests such as correlation coefficient and one-sample t-test.

Findigs: 

The results showed that the components of entrepreneurial social capital were in good condition.

The results of assessing the current situation of the dimensions and components of entrepreneurial social capital showed that social cohesion, social interaction and trust, social participation, social norm and the structure of social relations are above average and are at an appropriate level.

Right to the Smart City is an emerging concept which points to the possibility of claiming the right to the city by the citizens of the smart city. Citizen-centric smart cities are what urban policymakers assert to create by turning to smart technologies. It’s assumed that such a claimed approach can be operated in the tradition of reflexive urban governance by expanding availability of the smart city infrastructures to all citizens to have the right to produce, own, and consume spaces based on reflexive knowledge. The main question of this article is whether citizens of the smart city are in a practical discourse that can improve the quality of their urban life through changing the urban space based on the claiming for the right to the city. Based on theories about the relationship between citizens and the smart city categorized in three main discourses of “control city”, “creative city” and “smart citizen” and also Henri Lefebvre’s “Right to the City” theory, we have explained the concept of right to the smart city which can be expected to be fulfilled in the form of reflexive urban governance.

This article has been resulted from a field survey; it aims to achieve the realities based on the conflict of theoretical and behavioral values regarding scientific ethics and to explain factors related to the level of the conflict of these values. A combined approach consisting of ethical theories based on survival law, utilititarianism, duty knowing, distributive justice, personal freedom, and conflict theories has been used to study the subject. Methodology used in this study is based on a field survey and its population is composed of PhD students in the fields of humanities, engineering and basic sciences from Shahid Beheshti University. One hundred ninety-six students were chosen by complete enumeration method and they were tested by a questionnaire with total validity of 80%, 81% and 82%. The results showed there is a conflict between the levels of theoretical and behavioral values regarding scientific ethics among students. 54/59 of them show the conflict over 50% and 45/40 of them show the relative conformity over 50%. There is a meaningful relationship (difference) between the students of these three fields (the conflict and the relative conformity) considering various factors, including: level of religious beliefs, awareness, knowledge and scientific level, kind of field of study, foresight, attention to behavioral results, responsibility for doing educational duties properly, achieving scientific rank compatible with effort, scientific promotion, scientific, economic and religious status of parents and students themselves, the quality and the way of their social relationship with their professors.

Iran was occupied by the Allies in the World War II in August 1941. At this time no social force resistant against foreign forces showed up. This is while Iranian social forces had shown serious resistances against the foreigners in the Qajar era or in the years following World War Ι. This article using Mill’s comparative-historical method tries to focus on this problem, and specially tries to study public social forces of resistance against foreigners in the Qajar era. These social forces include Clergymen, “Luti”s, guilds and leaders of tribes. Then the situation of these social forces will be traced in Reza-Shah era. This paper claims that the reason Iranians surrendered to Allies invasion’s forces, and social force even did not try to resist against them, was that they were weakened and suppressed during 16 years of domination of Reza-Shah in Iran.

The planning system in Iran is affected by the governing political and social discourses, and what places such discourses should hold for subjects and categories are represented in the development plans. Among the very important subjects is the subject of women. The subject of women should be located in which field of discourses, takes different senses and identities which themselves are manifested in the planning system and, in turn, leads to the establishment of gender equality or continuation of gender inequality. The present paper deals with the study of the current conflicts in Iranian society on semantic hegemony in the field of women discourse evolution, and representation of the debate on gender equality in the Sixth Plan of Development by Laclau and Mouffe’s method of discourse analysis. Findings, regarding the discourse evolution, show that the discourses of equality, which as stated by Fairclough are the result of discourse dialectic of the reformists and the fundamentalists, recovers the void signifiers in the field of discoursiveness and gives them new meaning. Accordingly, it articulates the signs of “women occupation”, “equal chances”, “removing the legal obstacles”, “familyism”, “paying no attention to gender”, and “welfare and insurance of women” in linkage with the central signifier of “equality of man and woman”. Also the discourse analysis of gender equality in the Sixth Plan of Development indicates that the governing discourse on the Sixth Plan has been formed by the pivotal sign under the title “gender equality” and with the signified of “occupational chances”, “health and hygiene”, “women literacy”, “reform of legal system” and “participation in decision-making and decision-taking”. Such semantic signs contain, respectively, the economic equality, hygiene equality, legal equality, and political equality. Although, such signifiers in the texts of the plan fail to totally cover the meanings implied in the concepts, we could be hopeful that by executing the Sixth Plan of Development, the required grounds for institutionalizing the civil demands for the object of establishing the gender equality in society shall be provided, hence the role of women in the development of our country becomes more highlighted.

This article aims to achieve the theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms among PhD students and the level of conformity and unconformity of theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms among PhD students. It also aims to achieve the realities based on the conflicts and to explain factors related to level of conflict of these values. This article has a combined approach ranging from Ethics theories based on inter- role conflict of Dahrendorf, scientific Ethics indicators of Resnick, Merton, Parsons, Goffman and Ethics Growth theories. Methodology is based on a field survey and its population is PhD students of fields of humanities, engineering and basic sciences from Shahid Beheshti University. One hundred ninety-six students were chosen by complete enumeration method and they were under a test by a questionnaire with total validity 80% and 81% .The results showed there is no complete conformity between theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms among PhD students so that 16.33 of the students have over 60% conformity and 83.68 of them have over 40% unconformity and The level of unconformity in the theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms are different in the three fields (among PhD students of fields of humanities, engineering and basic sciences). In addition, when the theoretical preferences -12 Ethics indicators- are considered to each other, there is no conflict among them but in the comparison of the theoretical preferences and behavioral preferences, there is unconformity (conflict) between theoretical and behavioral preferences.

This research studies the politics of memory which appears here through construction and invention of the past. In this study we have emphasized on museums of Tehran. Museums are places produced in modern era in order to invent traditions and legitimize the power and authorities which try to display the past integrated and homogenous and also to interpret the past according to their interests. The purpose of the research is to study the dimensions and styles of inventing tradition in museums and theeffectiveness of power on recalling the past. The main questions of the study are that how museums reconstruct and invent the past and how the discourse of power displays itself in these places. We used mainly Habsbwam’s theory and also pierre Nora’s thoughts about realms of memory. We also applied discourse analysis of space as method. We have chosen museums that have appeared after revolution such as Ebrat museum; Golistan and other pahlavi’s palaces that have changed to museums after Islamic revolution; museums of martyrs of war with Iraq and the museum of “palace’s garden”. According to findings, powers use politics of memory in order to make an integrated and dominated narrative from the past. They create museums and archives in modern era and show history as a continuity to hide its contradictions and its breaks.

The present research studies Iranian women issues from pre-Islamic era until Islamic revolution from the point of view of travel writers; considers women problems as well as their negative behaviors and investigates the travel writers’ position in reflecting the status of an Iranian woman. The research is based on thematic analysis. Through categorizing women status into three categories, proposition related to “women negative ethos” and“oppression of women” were extracted. According to the findings of the study, despite some undeniable propositions, lack of true understanding of the Iranian society by travel writers was seen to be occasionally at work in their reports. Thus, the travel writers’ perception of women issues can be studied in three modes: first, those who relied on their imaginations or cited other travel writers’ statements on Iranian women without having access to women. Second, those maletravel writers who had access to women and third, those female travel writers who had relations withIranian women. The variety of observations and discrepanciesin these three categories indicate that the claims made by the travel writers about Iranian women status need to be taken into consideration with more care and caution depending on theirextent of access to the Iranian feminine society.

Although Seyed Mohammad-Ali Jamal-zadeh is known as one of the three founders of contemporary Iranian literature in field of story، but it''s not the only reason for his fame. He، moreover، has published a book named Iranian''s Character in 1345 (1966) which so many people read، and it has been referred to much more than any book written in the field of national character in Iran. In the book، Jamal-zadeh acts like a physician، not a literary man، to diagnose Iranian society''s pains which he calls as decay. But، what is the decay that holds Iran from becoming as developed as the West? Surely it is their character، Jamal-zadeh says. In short، the reason we are this much undeveloped is some of our ethics. Fortunately، western travelers، intellectuals and politicians diagnosed and told us about those ethics. Then، the only thing we should do is accepting our weaknesses and following their instructions. But this is not the whole story. We ask: what allows Jamal-zadeh to call Iranians'' with such negative and humiliating accent? Edward Said knows the answer: self-Orientalism or self-Orientalizing. Publishing Orientalism in late 1970''s، Said created a new wave in post-colonial studies tradition. He believes that Orientalism is not just an academic discipline، but also a discourse facilitating European countries colonization and exploitation over the East. In order to reaching this purpose، Orientalism should have created a new Orient which hadn''t any relationship with the real one; rather، it was something useful for colonizing purposes. It means، the Euro-centrism governing the orientalists had exploiting benefits in developing the Orientalism discourse. So، this essay aims to test Jamal-zadeh''s Iranian Character against the touchstone of Said''s Orientalism and self-Orientalism. We will show that Iranian Character can be considered as a self-Orientalizing book.

This article is going to study of effective sociological factors on production of political narrative literature discourse during sixty and seventy decades. In this order, Robert Wuthnow & Randall Collins’s theories are used in total emphasizes on four concepts such as: political reforms of government, crisis in moral order of society, forming interaction chains between writers & resource mobilization as four variables in which effect on production of studied discourse. In this research, an explanatory approach historical interpretation method has been used and we have tried in use of historical data, offer a rational narrative about how discuss discourse has formed. Our findings show that to mediation of reformative affairs of II Pahlavi, forming of new mediation class and suggesting of committed literature, intellectual & political space of society countered to a new situation. Formation of Iranian Writer's Association, and continuous activities of its members and holding of Goethe’s Institute Poetry Nights are the most important empirical factors on production (production, choose and institutionalization) of political narrative literature discourse, in our study time period.

In this article، we studied one of the most important reform periods in Qajar Era (1785 -1925). Analyzing the arguments of cons during the reforms of Sepahsalar (the prime minister of Naser al-Din Shah)، we used a Rational Choice Theory and conducted a narrative analysis by dividing the internal oppositions to three groups: clergymen، courtiers، and government officials. Analyzing the arguments of these groups، the common arguments include «Neglecting the opposition''s position»، «the financial performance of the reformists»، and «endangerment of the kingdom of Nasser al-Din Shah». «Incompatible of reformist performances with Islam»، «the financial corruption of the reformist»، «the heirs of power''s concern of losing the power»، «the entrance of foreigners»، «the loss of territorial integrity»، «colonization of Iran»، «neglecting the traditions»، «the concern of cultural mixing» and «the personal manner of the reformist himself» are the arguments which the two groups had offered them. «Endangerment of the Imperial dynasty»، «endangerment of the Monarchical system»، «homeland security disturbance»، «the reformist''s political dependency on Russia and Britain»، and «neglecting the citizen''s right» are the arguments which were supported only by one of these opposition groups.

The current article studies the influence of mass media on religious identity of young people of Shiraz. The breadth and depth of the soft power of media has caused the prevalence of expressions such as global village and globalization of culture in the social, cultural and media literature in various societies. Belonging to identity elements is one of the most affected areas in the sphere of mass media activities. This article is the result of empirical research in this area and wants to investigate the effects of global mass media (satellite TV’s and internet) on belonging to the religious identity of the youth. In other words, the main question is whether the use of global mass media effects the youth with religious background. And if the answer is yes, what are the influential mechanisms? To answer these questions, after reviewing the literature, causal models include mechanism variables, was constructed. The population of this study comprised students in the third year of high school in Shiraz. The method used in this research was survey and validity of variables measured by formal validity and variables reliability measured by Cronbach's alpha. The statistical hypothesis testing used in this article included Pearsons correlation, ANOVA, multivariable regression and path analysis. Correlation analysis showed a negative significant relation between the amount of international mass media use and religious identity.

During constitutional era and the years leading up to it، many economic organizations has formed because of exposure of king and intellectuals to the west. Also it can be seen economic reform and merchant activities in this period، But less spoken aboat lifestyle and behavioral characteristic of people. This article attempts to present an image of the Persian people in Gajar in terms of lifestyle and use of cultural or essential goods. And also based on limited data in documents، travelogues and numerous historical books from prices and economic situation of Gajar period is offered a view of the economic situation of Iranian households. Finally، the results of this paper can be pointed to a model of annual inflation، reasons of serious inflation sectional appearance، the rural and the urban situation regarding the inflatin and characteristic of income of people during documents.

Da is a memory of Iraqi war against Iran. This narration of war is a representation of young girl life that had a significant role in her own time. This book challenges masculinity of war and passes out gender as a limitation. The important narration of war، mentioned in Da، has been associated with 150 republication and these elements confirm research on Da. This article tries to attempts to analyze the understanding of Da reading by its narrates. According to the new concept of empirical science of literature (ESL)، and according to theories of three reader-response Criticism (Jauss، Iser and Rosenblatt)، we try to analyze reading of Da text by readers. The method used in the article، is the qualitative content analysis of the texts and focus group discussions that took place between the audiences of Da. These were achieved from the questionnaire before reading the Da، a story those readers of this book was narrated and notation on Da. In this article، the understanding of the audience while reading the Da studied. The samples were selected at different ages، sex and ideology. Thus، with the targeted sampling method، five people were selected، and they were asked to answer the questionnaire before they start reading Da. After that، the samples began gradual reading of Da. Each sample during reading of Da، attempted to write his comments in the margins. After reading the book، readers were asked to participate in focus group discussions. They also presented their narration of Da at the short text. In this short story، readers tried to disclose the best parts of Da in their opinion. The focus group discussion was attended by the all readers. In this discussion، comments from other readers challenged، and they began to discuss with one another. Our findings indicate that readers had concomitance reading the author، accepted the whole narration of book and tried to justify narrative problems. They admitted that the large number of Da pages (812 pages) and that some details of the book are exaggerated. In contrast، readers were disagreeing with the author’s point of view، tried to make the text challenging، questioning the reality of book، and interpreted the text as false narration of war and its issues. In general، all readers of Da believed that the book is exaggerated in some respects and also believed Da hasn’t been read in wide rage.

Investigating the Iranian fiction literature during 1953 to 1978، it seems being influenced by a common trend of thought and sane ideas of humbling the rich and adoring the poor. They are all full of critiques to the inequalities in the society، the ruling calls، or in general، the capitalism. Our main hypothesis in this research was that Iranian literature was subjected to Toodeh Party’s interpretation of Marxism. Studding the contemporary history of Iran، we realize that Toodeh Party has been the most organized and popular political party in this country since ever. Reaching the remarkable number of 300 thousand members within the 40s، we can assume how influential this party has been in this society. Our hypothesis grows stronger when we notice that almost every Iranian writer and intellectual in that era has been a member or at least fan of this party. But، what was the interpretation of Marxism this political party relied on? Here، we come to the other hypothesis of this article. We believe that Toodeh Party had applied the interpretation of Marxism dominant in the Soviet Union at that time، which has used to be called Leninism. In order to testify our hypothesis، we first drew ideal types of the characteristics of the interpretation of Leninism and then Toodeh Party. Comparing them we realized that they had two points in common out of three (which are revision in Marx’s ideas to legitimate the revolution in unindustrialized countries and authoritarian structure of the party which did not allow the members to stand against the ideas of the heads.). Thus، we concluded that this hypothesis has been fairly verified. To assess the second hypothesis، we decided to investigate through a sample of Persian stories، written by the most influential writers of that era، in order to distinguish ideas associated with Marxism in them (such as critiques against the rich and inequalities in wealth، hostility to the capitalist word and so on). Meanwhile we provided a succinct biography of the writer of these books too، to indicate the potential reasons of their sympathy for Toodeh party. This hypothesis was verified too by discerning a reasonable account of such ideas in the books. Finally، we can claim that Iranian prose literature in the studied era has been considerably subject to Marxist ideas، which were represented in Iran by Toodeh party، a political party which had been following the Leninist trend of Marxism in Iran.