فهرست مطالب mohsen akbarpour beni

Diabetic cardiomyopathy refers to changes in the heart as a result of impaired glucose homeostasis, leading to ventricular dysfunction and associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Since sports activity is known to protect the heart, the aim of the present study was to investigate aerobic exercise and the effective substance crocetin on the expression of Myod gene in the heart tissue of an experimental model of elderly prediabetic rats.

In this experimental trial, 25 elderly female c57bl6 male mice with prediabetes (20 mg/kg peritoneal injection) aged 14-16 weeks and weighing 30-35 grams were divided into 5 healthy control groups, prediabetic, prediabetic + aerobic exercise, pre-diabetic + crocetin, pre-diabetic + aerobic exercise + crocetin were divided. aerobic training was performed for eight weeks, five sessions per week. Mice received crocetin 30 mg/kg/day by intraperitoneal injection. Myod expression was measured by Real Time PCR method. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used (P≥0.05).

Myod gene expression was significantly decreased in the prediabetic group compared to the healthy group (P=0.01). Myod gene expression was significantly higher in the pre-diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement and diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement than other groups (P=0.01).

It seems that intermittent aerobic exercise and crocetin both alone and simultaneously are effective in improving Myod gene expression in prediabetic heart tissue. Therefore, the use of periodic aerobics and crocetin n is recommended in pre-diabetes conditions of old age

Aging is a process, in which the physiological capacity of the body decreases. One of these basic changes is the reduction of blood supply caused by the inability of angiogenesis. This article was conducted to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on angiogenic factors, including leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG-1) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in middle-aged women.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 18 middle-aged women. The samples were randomly divided into two groups, including the aerobic (n=9) and control (n=9) groups. The experimental group performed aerobic exercise for eight weeks (three sessions per week). Then, 5 mL of blood samples was taken from each person 48 hours before and after training to measure LRG-1 and TSP-1 protein levels. The dependent and independent t-tests were used to analyze the data.

The levels of LRG-1 in the experimental group showed a significant increase in post-test compared to the control group. Also, in the experimental group, TSP-1 levels showed a significant decrease in post-test compared to the control group.

The results of this study showed that aerobic exercise can increase the levels of LRG-1 protein and decrease the serum TSP-1 protein levels; therefore, by increasing LRG-1 and decreasing TSP-1 levels, the angiogenesis process in the body is enhanced. Accordingly, middle-aged women are advised to do aerobic exercise as a tool to improve angiogenesis and improve blood circulation.

Recent research has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) can be regarded as new biomarkers for metabolic and angiogenesis-related diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training on the expression of miRNAs associated with adipose tissue angiogenesis in rats with a high-fat diet.

Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (each with 10 rats): normal diet, normal diet+resistance training, high-fat diet, and high-fat diet+resistance training. The resistance training groups performed 5 sessions of resistance training protocol each week for 8 weeks. After one week of familiarity with ladders, in the 2nd week, weights of 30% of body weight were attached to the rats’ tails, which gradually reached about 180% of their body weight by the end of 8 weeks. To evaluate the effect of resistance training and a high-fat diet on miR-221, miR-222, miR-329, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) variables, sampling of mesenteric adipose tissue was performed immediately after killing the animals.

The levels of miR-221, miR-222, and VEGF in the resistance training group+normal diet and resistance training group+high-fat diet increased significantly compared to the control groups (P=0.001, and P=0.001, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed in any groups regarding miR-329 (P=0.103).

The results showed that resistance training increased microRNAs levels associated with adipose tissue angiogenesis in rats on a high-fat and normal diet.

The illegal use of anabolic and androgenic steroids is a public health problem and their side effects in women are different from the side effects observed in men.

This study aims to compare the effects of consuming propolis and chicory for 8 weeks and resistance training on histopathological and morphometric changes of the uterine tissue in rats treated with testosterone enanthate.

In this experimental study, 40 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8): control (placebo), sham (resistance training), resistance training plus testosterone enanthate (20 mg/kg body weight), resistance training plus testosterone enanthate+chicory (6 g/kg body weight), and resistance training plus testosterone enanthate plus propolis (400 mg/kg body weight). The resistance training protocol was performed 5 sessions per week in 4 rounds with an intensity of 40% to 160% of the body weight of the mice for 8 weeks. After weighing and dissection, the uterine tissue was examined histologically. 

The thickness of the endometrial layer in the sham, testosterone, and propolis groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was a significant decrease in the thickness of the functional layer in the sham, testosterone, chicory, and propolis groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). The thickness of the basal layer showed a significant decrease in the testosterone and propolis groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Glands in the testosterone, chicory, and propolis groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P<0.05). The thickness of the myometrial layer showed a significant decrease in the testosterone group compared to the control, sham, chicory, and propolis groups (P<0.05).

The results showed that high-intensity resistance training combined with the use of testosterone enanthate causes histopathological changes in the uterus of female rats. Meanwhile, the use of propolis and chicory can improve the effects of testosterone enanthate as a treatment option.

Exercise and obesity alter angiogenesis in adipose tissue, resulting in large changes in metabolic processes. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and high-intensity intermittent aerobic training (HIIAT) on the expression of microRNAs associated with adipose tissue angiogenesis and antiangiogenesis in rats fed a high-fat diet.

In the experimental study, 60 six-week-old male wistar rats (mean body weight = 192.40 ± 11.35) were obtained from Pasteur Institute of Iran. The animals were randomly divided into six equal groups after transfer to the laboratory environment and one week of exposure to the new environment: 1. Normal diet (CO), 2. Normal diet + Resistance training (NRT), 3. Normal diet + HIIAT (NHT), 4. High-fat diet (HF), 5. High-fat diet + Resistance training (HFRT), 6. High-fat diet + HIIAT (HFHT) (n = 10 per group). The training groups performed their training protocol for eight weeks and five sessions per week. Resistance training included climbing a 1-meter ladder with a 90-degree slope and 46 steps. Initially, the weight attached to the rats' tails was 30% of their body weight and gradually reached about 180% of their body weight in the final week. The exercises were performed in five sets of four repetitions. High-intensity intermittent aerobic training was started on the treadmill at an initial speed of 15 meters per minute, and in each session, one to two meters per minute was added to the treadmill speed, depending on the ability of the rats. During the Pabani week, the exercise reached six stages of three minutes of running at a speed of 40 meters per minute with a slope of 15 degrees. To evaluate the effect of resistance training and high-intensity intermittent aerobic training and high-fat diet (58% of calories in the form of fat) on miR-221, miR-222, miR-329 and VEGF variables, subjects in each group were killed 48 hours after the last training session. Sampling of mesenteric adipose tissue was performed immediately after killing the animals. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test, one-way and two-way ANOVA at the significant level (P ≥ 0.05). Scheffe post hoc test was used to compare the pairwise .

The miR-221, miR-222 and VEGF in the Normal diet + Resistance training, Normal diet + HIIT and High-fat diet + Resistance training groups a significant increase was observed compared to the control group (P ≥ 0.01). However, miR-329 was significantly higher only in the high-fat diet group than in the normal diet + HIIAT group (P = 0.022).

The results showed that resistance training and HIIAT by increasing miR-221, miR-222, and decreasing miR329 led to the activation of pathways that increased VEGF protein and ultimately increased angiogenesis in rats with a high-fat and normal diets. Therefore, these exercises are an important factor in angiogenesis and mechanism in adipose tissue, which may be able to cause significant changes in adipose tissue during this process. However, in order to confirm this point and generalize it to humans, more research is needed, especially on human specimens. Also, since the effect of resistance training on miRNAs was greater than HIIAT, these exercises can be a good alternative to HIIAT.

The liver is one of the most sensitive tissues targeted by exercise-induced oxidative stress, and hepatic aminotransferases are critical indicators for determining liver cell damage; Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effect of eight weeks of TRX and traditional resistance training on some liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) in inactive women.

In this quasi-experimental study, 28 inactive girls with a mean age of 21.07 ± 1.41 years and a body mass index of 22.52 ± 4.25 kg/m2 were randomly divided into three groups: TRX training, traditional resistance training and control. Experimental groups conducted the traditional resistive training and TRX three sessions a week for eight weeks, While the control group did not participate in any training program during the study. Blood samples were taken from all subjects before starting protocol and 48 hours after the last training session and were used to analyze Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, dependent t-test and one-way analysis of variance, and the significance level was considered P < 0.05.

The results showed that there was no significant difference in serum levels of AST and ALT enzymes from pre to posttest in TRX, traditional resistance and control groups (P > 0.05). Also, no difference between groups was observed in any of the factors (P > 0.05).

The results of the present study showed that there was no significant difference between TRX training and traditional resistance to serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in inactive women. Therefore, the effects of TRX and traditional resistance training on liver enzyme indices were the same and no difference was observed between these two types of training methods.

This study aimed to compare the effect of eight weeks of traditional resistance training and total body resistance exercise (TRX) on the immune system of obese sedentary women.

In this quasi-experimental study, 28 obese women with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.39± 4.65 (kg/m2) were randomly divided into three groups of TRX training (N= 9), traditional resistance training (N= 9) and control (N= 10). The experimental groups performed exercise training in three sessions per week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken from all subjects 48 hours before and after the last training session and were used for neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil analysis. Data were statistically analyzed using dependent T-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by SPSS software, the significance level was P< 0.05.

The results of the study did not show significant differences within and between groups in the variables of the immune system (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils) (P< 0.05). Also, the results of ANOVA showed a significant difference in basophil count only between the three groups (P= 0.006).

According to the results of the study, no significant difference in immune system indices was observed between the groups. Therefore, performing traditional resistance exercises and moderate-intensity TRX has no significant effect on the immune system of sedentary obese women.

Appetite regulation has a great impact on energy homeostasis. This study aimed to compare the response agouti-related protein (AGRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) to a single high intensity interval training (HIIT) in obese and underweight men.

This semi-experimental research conducted on 40 obese and underweight men who were divided into four groups including experimental groups (10 obese, and 10 underweight men) and control groups (10 obese, and 10 underweight controls). Both groups were evaluated by biochemical measurements in two stages of pre-test and post-test. HIIT was carried out to the experimental groups during one session. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and T-test using SPSS 21 software.

NPY levels showed a significant difference in pre and post-test in both experimental groups, NPY increased 6.14% in obese men and 25.50% in underweight men, which was significant in both obese (P-value= 0.002) and underweight (P-value= 0.007) groups. In addition, AGRP levels increased 1.91% in obese men and 6.65% in underweight men, although this was not significant (P-value= 0.098). However, no significant differences were observed among groups in the levels of NPY and AGRP (P-value= 0.114).

The results of the present study showed that HIIT can increase the amount of AGRP and NPY in obese and underweight men. Therefore, appetite neuropeptides increase after a training session, which should be considered in the balance of energy and food intake after exercise.

Disorders of lipid metabolism threaten human life in all countries with different percentages and causes of cardiovascular diseases and reduced physical activity has accelerated the spread of these complications. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of TRX training and traditional resistance training on some cardiovascular risk factors in sedentary women.

In this quasi-experimental study, 28 inactive women with a Mean±SD age of 21.07±1.41 years and a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 22.52±4.25 kg/m2 were randomly divided into three exercise groups of TRX, traditional resistance training, and control. The experimental groups performed the traditional resistance training protocol and TRX three sessions per week for eight weeks, while the control group did not participate in any training program during the study. Blood samples were taken from all subjects before and 48 hours after the last training session for analysis of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and TC/HDL ratio were used. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, T-dependence test, and one-way analysis of variance, and the significance level was P<0.05.

In the intragroup evaluation of TC indices (P=0.001), TG (P=0.023), LDL (P=0.024), VLDL (P=0.023), and TC/HDL ratio (P=0.021) in the traditional resistance training group, and TG indices (P=0.001), VLDL (P= 0.001) and TC/HDL ratio (P=0.004) in the TRX group from the pre-test stage to the post-test showed a significant decrease, while the amount of HDL decreased in the traditional resistance group and increased in the TRX group, which this decrease and the increase was not statistically significant. Also, the results of the one-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference in some indicators in both experimental groups than the control group, but no significant difference was observed between the two experimental groups in any of the indicators.

According to the findings of this study, it can be said that regular TRX and traditional resistance exercise both lead to improved lipid profile that is associated with cardiovascular disease and is a useful factor in preventing cardiovascular disease and inactive women. Both TRX and traditional resistance training programs can be used in this regard.

Increasing the prevalence of obesity is one of the main health problems in our country. One of the main side effects of obesity and overweight is type II diabetes. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 6 weeks usage of Persian medicine diabetes drug and aerobic training on glucose and lipid profiles in overweight diabetic women.

In this semi-experimental study, 30 overweight women with diabetes type II in Qom city were randomly assigned to four groups of: aerobic training + medicine, aerobic training + placebo, medicine, and control. The aerobic training program was including 6 weeks running with 60-70% of the maximum heart rate. Intended groups received three 800 mg diabetes capsules daily in the morning, afternoon and night after each meal for 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected for pre-test and post-test stages in order to study the variables in fasting condition. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and independent t-test in SPSS software with significant level of p≤0.05.

The results of this study showed that FBS (fasting blood glucose) from the pre-test to post-test stages significantly decreased in exercise + medicine group (p = 0.034), exercise + placebo group (p = 0.02) and drug group (p = 0.009). Cholesterol levels in the exercise + medicine group (p = 0.008), medication group (p = 0.010), triglycerides in the training + drug group (p = 0.011), LDL in the drug group (p = 0.043) and VLDL in the training + drug group (p = 0.011) showed a significant decrease from the pre-test to post-test. However, there was no difference between the groups in any of the other factors (p> 0.05).

The results of this study showed that 6 weeks aerobic training and use of diabetes drug in women with diabetes type II have a positive effect through different mechanisms in blood glucose and some indexes of lipid profiles, insulin, and insulin resistance.

Intense exercise leads to a decrease in immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term garlic extract supplementation on some cellular immune system factors after intense exercise in karate athletes.
Eighteen young men (with a mean age of 20.07±4.46, BMI 22.72±2.99 kg/m2) volunteered to participate in this semi-experimented. After completing consent forms, they were randomly placed in two homogeneous groups: experimental and placebo. Participants performed GXT after supplementation period. Blood samples were collected before, after supplementation and immediately after intense exercise test. Level of CD8 and CD4 factors assessed by flow cytometry-based separate kits and the proportion CD4 to CD8 was calculated. The research data were analyzed using a repeated measurement and Bonferroni for within-group evaluation and t test in depended was used to perform the between-group analysis.
significant increase in CD4, CD8 and the proportion CD4 to CD8 from pretest to midtest step for experimental group (p=0.03,p=0.023,p=0.047), but was not observed any significant difference for placebo group(p>0.05). Decrease in CD4, CD8 value and the proportion CD4 to CD8 for two groups in posttest, but placebo group experienced significantly more decrease compared to experimental group (p=0.00, p=0.04, p=0.005).
using garlic extract supplementation for a period of time promoted cellular immune system of karate athletes, so their immune system performance weakened less after intensive exercise.

Some common complications of aging such as nutritional deficiency, lack of physical activity, the increase in body fat percentage and the prevalence of specific diseases may indirectly affect the immune system function. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of a 6-month moderate aerobic training program on interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (CD25 cells), IL-2 and salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels in elderly men. Forty sedentary and healthy aged men (mean age, 65 ± 2 years) were randomly divided into experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The experimental group performed moderate aerobic training three times a week for 6 months, while the control group did not perform any regular training. Then CD25 cells, the level of IL-2, sIgA and VO2max were determined for each participant. The results showed that aerobic training significantly increased VO2max, CD25 cells, the level of IL-2 and sIgA in the experimental group. It seems that the moderate aerobic training for 6 months can be very effective to delay the process of immune system aging.