mohsen khalili najafabadi

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Sprint Interval Training (SIT) on the plasma liver enzymes, liver tissue total-antioxidant-capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in male rats.

In an experimental trial, 16 male rats were randomly divided into two groups: control (CO,n=8) and exercise (EX,n=8). The rats after the period of adaptation to the environment and familiarization with exercise were trained 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Finally, after anesthesia and direct blood sampling from the heart, serum was extracted for liver enzymes and liver tissue was removed to assess tissue TAC and MDA. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data at the alpha level of 0.05 in SPSS version 22.

Statistical analysis of the data showed a significantly higher liver tissue TAC in the EX group compared to the CO group (P=0.01); but no significant intergroup difference was observed related to liver tissue MDA (P=0.24). There was no significant difference between the groups in the ALT (P=0.26) and GGT (P=0.44) level; but the AST (P=0.01) and ALP (P=0.001) level in EX group was significantly lower than CO group.

The results showed that SIT increases the antioxidant capacity and induces desirable changes in the liver enzymes levels and this training protocol can have a beneficial effect on the health status of the liver.

Social stress is a factor involved in the etiology of many diseases. Also, gender is another factor which predisposes individuals to certain disease. Results from animal and human studies suggest that socially-stressed men are more vulnerable to catching diseases compared to socially-stressed women.

The role of chronic social stress and gender were examined in the present study through implementing food deprivation, food intake inequality, and unstable social status (cage-mate change every three days) for a period of 14 days on 96 male and female mice. Then, vital activity of peritoneal macrophages and spleen’s lymphocytes were measured using MTT test as well as the concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) by ELISA technique.

Our results showed that cell viability of peritoneal macrophages and spleen’s lymphocytes as well as serum concentration of TNF-α in all female and male stressed animals increased compared to the controls (P

The results suggest that social factors have significant effects on immunity and should be considered in the studies of gender differences for evaluating possible effective mechanisms.

The glucose metabolism improvement and the risk reduction of the diabetes type 2 by caffeine consumers have been reported. Today, glibenclamide is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes. This research aimed to investigate the therapeutic combination effect of caffeine and glibenclamide on serum lipids and glucose in type 2 diabetic rats. In this research study, 32 rats in four groups were divided into diabetic and diabetics treated with glibenclamide, caffeine, and caffeine-glibenclamide combination. The drug dose for glibenclamide was 0.285 mg/kg, for caffeine was 100 mg/kg and for their combination was 1:1. Diabetes was induced by the injection of a single dose of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin. The treatment continued for 16 days after diabetes verification. The levels of serum glucose and lipid profile in the rats were measured at the end of the period. The present research showed that the combination of glibenclamide and caffeine with 50% effective dose could significantly decrease the serum glucose as compared to the control group at days 4, 9 and 16 (p < 0.05). The combination resulted in a significant reduction in triglyceride and a significant increase of HDL and HDL to LDL ratio, while these changes were not observed for glibenclamide or caffeine individually. The therapeutic combination of glibenclamide and caffeine improved the serum glucose and could have significant beneficial effects on the level of triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels in the diabetic rats.

Inflammation is a protective response against invading foreign agents and necrotic tissue, which can cause tissue damage. In this research, anti-inflammatory effect of Marhame-mafasel ointment consisting of Arnebia euchroma L. and Matricaria chamomilla L., was investigated. In this study, 72 male rats were divided into three groups, including control, inflammation, and inflammation-treatment. For induction of inflammation, injection of formalin into animal’s paw, xylene into ear, and acetic acid into peritoneum, were performed. To assess the degree of inflammation, Evans blue leakage into legs, ears and peritoneal fluid were measured following its injection into heart. To assess the inflammation of the foot, foot diameter measuring method was used. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The Significance Level Was Considered p<0.05. In the assessment of foot inflammation, the comparison of the mean absorbance of Evans blue in the inflammation-treatment group (0.046±0.0048) showed significant difference from the inflammation group (0.084±0.0032) (p<0.05). Also, the comparison of the mean foot diameter in the inflammation-treatment group (0.0771±0.015) had significant difference from the inflammation group (0.1503±0.017) (p<0.05). In the peritonitis, the mean absorbance of Evans blue in the inflammation-treatment group (0.186±0.019) was significantly lower than the inflammation group (0.237±0.029) (p<0.05). In ear inflammation, the use of Marhame-mafasel ointment caused no reduction in inflammation. Based on the results of this study, application of the Marhame-mafasel ointment decreases inflammation in the rat foot. In addition, its systemic absorption reduces Peritonitis.