mohsen norouzinia

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are two major types of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Toll‑like receptors (TLRs) are expressed in the innate immune system compartments, in charge of identifying a wide range of microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of TLR‑2, ‑7, and ‑8 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of UC patients as a novel non‑invasive primary inflammation sensor for monitoring the clinical course of UC candidates.

In this cross‑sectional study, total RNA was extracted from the PBMC of 42 UC patients along with 20 healthy donors. The mRNA levels of TLR‑2, ‑7, and ‑8 were assessed using the quantitative real‑time polymerase chain (qRT‑PCR) reaction.

The present research study demonstrated no significant changes in TLR‑2 mRNA expression in UC patients in comparison with the control group (P = 0.1264), whereas significant elevation (P = 0.0008) was distinguished in the TLR‑7 expression of UC participants specifically during the remission course compared with healthy donors and flareup patients (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0063, respectively). The last selected TLR, TLR‑8 was not shown remarkable changes either between UC patients and the control group or between clinical courses of the disease.

Here, among three nominated TLRs for predicting UC patients, TLR‑7 was potentially selected according to the significant difference in mRNA expression in flareup UC patients and control donors. TLR‑7 could be used as a novel non‑invasive biomarker for monitoring UC patients in the active course of the disease.

Aflatoxins are poisonous substances produced by certain kinds of fungi that are found naturally all over the world. They can contaminate food crops and pose a serious health threat to humans and livestock. The current study aimed at removing aflatoxin from the reconstituted milk by adding three probiotics Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

 The probiotics of S. boulardii , L.casei and L. acidophilus with 109 and 107 CFU concentration were exposed to aflatoxin M1 (0.5 and 0.75 ng/ml). The ELISA test was performed using 144 falcon tubes containing AFM1. Sterile water was added to each probiotic pellet and finally added to pre-prepare contaminated milk. After the specified times, the milk layer was analyzed to measure AFM1 levels. Each sample was analyzed using HPLC system. Subsequently, the percentage of AFM1, which was bound to the bacterial suspension, was calculated.

boulardii had the greatest ability in AFM1 removal from milk medium (96.88 ± 3.79) over time in the early hours with increasing concentration of AFM1 (0.75 ng/ml) and a concentration of 109 CFU/ml at 37 °C. The highest activity of L.casei in the removal of AFM1 toxin was observed at a concentration of 107 CFU/ml in 0.75 ng/ml AFM1 level and 37 °C. And the highest marginal estimation percentage of AFM1 removal from the milk medium at 4 °C in initial minutes belonged to L. acidophilus.

The results revealed the possibility of using S. boulardii in combination with selected strains of LAB (L.casei, L. acidophilus) in detoxification of AFM1-contaminated milk.

The present study was performed on patients with large bile duct stones to compare clinical outcomes and complications of balloon dilatation treatment between two sizes of balloons, < 15 mm and ≥ 15 mm.

in 1982, the endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation (EPBD) method was presented by Staritz to reduce bleeding and perforation risk of large bile duct stones.

Patients with large bile duct stones admitted to Taleghani hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 who were the candidates for balloon dilation with limited sphincterotomy. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. In group B, a ≥ 15 mm balloon was used, and in group A, a balloon <15 mm was used. The clinical results of balloon dilation and its complications were recorded and compared.

Most patients had 1 or 2 large bile duct stones, and there was no significant difference in the number of stones. Extraction was successful in 92.8% of group B and 85.7% of group A without significant differences (P = 0.8). Pancreatitis, hemorrhage, cholangitis, and perfusion occurred in 8%, 4.2%, 1.4%, and 2.8% of group B subjects and also in 10%, 2.8%, 0%, and 1.4% of group A subjects, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was not significant.

Generally, this study results showed that balloon size did not have a significant effect on the success rate of bile duct stones. Moreover, considering the lack of significant association between balloon dilatation size and the occurrence of postendoscopic complications such as pancreatitis, it seems that large-size dilatation has no serious clinical risk.

According to paragraph 12 of health communication policies and in order to explain a part of traditional Iranian medicine, it is necessary to conduct research focusing on terminological knowledge in the field of pathological knowledge in traditional Iranian medicine, because the initial research was conducted in This field shows that in terms of terminology, the words related to the description, definition and recognition of diseases in various medical texts of the Islamic period have undergone semantic changes.

This research is a historical-terminological study that has been done by using a collection of the most important medical texts of the Islamic period and recording the views and achievements of the authors.

Many factors have contributed to the emergence of a set of terms around the description, definition and recognition of disease names in Islamic medical texts. The language of the texts (usually Persian or Arabic), how the basic texts are translated into the languages used in Iran and the change and meaning of the words throughout history are among these factors. At the same time, any basic research in the field of pathology in traditional Iranian medicine with the aim of explaining and recognizing the semantics of these data requires considering these semantic changes.

Considering the fact that the medical knowledge of the Islamic period is divided into different branches, it seems that one of the most important of these branches in terms of production of specialized words and terms is the branch of pathology, which includes a relatively large collection. But based on several components, including the use of several different languages or a long historical connection in traditional Iranian medicine and the arrival of new medical languages in Iran (from the Qajar period onwards), important semantic transformations have taken place in the meaning of disease names. And the word that used to refer to a specific disease in traditional Iranian medicine. today is assigned to another different disease.

The present study aimed to identify human protein–host protein interactions of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the small intestine to discern the potential mechanisms and gain insights into the associated biomarkers and treatment strategies.

Deciphering the tissue and organ interactions of the SARS-CoV-2 infection can be important to discern the potential underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated the human protein–host protein interactions in the small intestine.

Public databases and published works were used to collect data related to small intestine tissue and SARS-CoV-2 infection. We constructed a human protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and showed interactions of host proteins in the small intestine. Associated modules, biological processes, functional pathways, regulatory transcription factors, disease ontology categories, and possible drug candidates for therapeutic targets were identified.

Thirteen primary protein neighbors were found for the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2. ACE2 and its four partners were observed in a highly clustered module; moreover, 8 host proteins belonged to this module. The protein digestion and absorption as a significant pathway was highlighted with enriched genes of ACE2, MEP1A, MEP1B, DPP4, and XPNPEP2. The HNF4A, HNF1A, and HNF1B transcription factors were found to be regulating the expression of ACE2. A significant association with 12 diseases was deciphered and 116 drug-target interactions were identified.

The protein-host protein interactome revealed the important elements and interactions for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the small intestine, which can be useful in clarifying the mechanisms of gastrointestinal symptoms and inflammation. The results suggest that antiviral targeting of these interactions may improve the condition of COVID-19 patients.

The main complication of Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP).

Based on demographic characteristics and underlying issues and ERCP indication, patients are categorized as high risk or low risk. There have been no studies on the synergistic effects of NSAIDS and hydration therapy, separately sorted by the risk assessment of PEP in different groups of patients.

This study included 281 eligible participants after exclusion. According to demographic characteristics and co-morbidities, the patients were divided to high risk and low risk. The high-risk group was divided randomly into two subgroups and both of them received NSAIDs (100 mg rectal Diclofenac). One group received standard hydration (1.5mg/kg/hr), another the other received aggressive hydration (3mg/kg/h). The low-risk group received standard hydration. One of its subgroups received NSAIDs, while others did not. The efficacy of these preventions was compared across 4 subgroups.

The mean age was 59.85±17.17. Eight hours after ERCP, the amylase and lipase were significantly higher in the high-risk group with standard hydration (P=0.00). Amylase, lipase 8 hours, between two low risk subgroups, NSAIDs had no significant effect (P=0.38, P=0.95, respectively). After adjustment based on cannulation, manipulation and duration of time, the results had no change (P=0.64, P=0.19, P=0.61).

The aggressive hydration could significantly decrease the risk of PEP. However, the low-risk group was exposed to the lowest risk of PEP. NSAIDs could not help to decrease the rate PEP in the low-risk groups alone. Overall, it seems hydration and NSAIDs therapy had synergistic outcome in high-risk patients.

Gut microbiota is considered as a human organ with its own specific functions and complexity. Development of novel techniques such as shut gun sequencing, metagenomics, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled bypassing the traditional culturedependent bias and has significantly expanded our understanding of the composition, diversity, and roles of the gut microbiota in human health and diseases. Although amplicon sequencing characterizes the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome, it is impossible to cover the direct evidence of the microbial biological functions related to the gut microbial community. Hence, the critical next step for gut microbiome studies is shifting from gene/ genome-centric analysis to mechanism-centric techniques by integrating omics data with experimental results. Realizing gut microbial diversity and their bioactive metabolites function will provide insight into the clinical application of gut microbiota in diagnoses and treatments of several diseases. In this review, we focused on explaining the conventional and advanced microbiome analysis techniques regarding gut microbiota investigation with considering the advantages and disadvantages of the platforms.

The main goal of this investigation was to provide an overview on H.pylori effect on gastric tissue via bioinformatics analysis of microarray-identified miRNAs and its target genes.

MicroRNAs which control about 30 to 60% of gene expression in human body play a critical role in different cell growth stages. Expression modification of non-coding (NC) RNAs in H.pylori infections requires further investigations to provide better understanding of their roles in the body.

GSE54397, the microRNA microarray dataset, was analyzed by GEO2R, the online GEO database for detection of differentially expressed microRNAs and lastly the potential target genes as well as their associated pathways.

A total of 244 miRNAs were detected as differentially expressed (p<0.05 and FC>2) in non-cancerous tissue of gastric with H.pylori infection in comparison with tissues without H.pylori infection. The findings indicated that hub microRNAs and target genes of up-regulated network are KIF9, DCTN3, and CA5BP1 along with hsa-miR-519d, hsa-miR-573, hsa-miR-646, hsa-miR-92a-1, hsa-miR-186, and hsa-miR-892a, respectively. For the down-regulated network, genes of RABGAP1, HSPB11 and microRNAs of hsa-miR-620, hsa-miR-19b-2, hsa-miR-555, and hsa-let-7f-2 were hubs. Most of the up-regulated microRNAs are involved in gastric cancer development while there is no evidence for the down-regulated ones. Yet, all of the hub down-regulated miRNAs are reported to have associations with different kinds of cancer.

The introduced hub miRNAs and genes may serve as feasible markers in the mechanisms of H.pylori infection for different kinds of gastric diseases, in particular gastric cancer. However, their role requires further investigations.Keywords: MicroRNA, Helicobacter pylori, Regulatory network, Target genes, Hubs, Functional analysis.(Please cite as: Norouzinia M, Zamanian Azodi M, Najafgholizadeh Seyfi D, Kardan A, Naseh A, Akbari Z. Comparison of Predication of hub target genes of differentially expressed microRNAs contributing in Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric non-cancerous tissue. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2019;12(Suppl.1):S44-S50).

The present study was designed to evaluate the correlation of interleukin 28B (IL28B, IFNL3) rs12979860 mRNA levels, viral load and liver function among hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients genotype 1a.

HCV is considered essentially hepatotropic, and is a major health problem around the world.Patients and

This study included 100 HCV-infected patients with HCV genotype1a (G1a) and rs12979860 CC genotype. These patients were divided into two groups according to HCV treatment. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and HCV Load were measured and recorded for each patient. IL28B mRNA levels were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, and their correlation with clinical data were analyzed. STRING applied to construct a network and identify interactions between IL28B (IFNL3) and its significant neighbor proteins.

The results showed a significant relationship between the ALT and ALP levels with IL28B rs12979860 mRNA expression level in men, and also with aged >50 years. In the treated group, AST level and HCV load have a significant relationship with IL28B mRNA expression level. Results showed the level of ALP and AST decreased significantly with increased IL28B mRNA expression level in the treated and untreated group, respectively. STRING database showed that IL28B (IFNL3) interacted with ten important neighbor proteins and some of these proteins are involved in signal transduction pathway activating antiviral response.

This study indicates that rs12979860CC genotype could predict IL28B mRNA expression level in HCV-infected patients with G1a. Furthermore, IL28B mRNA expression level may serve as a useful marker for the development of G1a HCV-associated outcomes.Keywords: HCV patients, Interleukin 28B, IFNL3, mRNA levels, Liver enzyme.

Aim of this study was to compare the gene expression of Interleukin 12 members in two phase of IBD. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a well-known gastrointestinal disorder in the world that fluctuates between remission and flare-up phases. Each of these phases has an individual immune system response profile. Therefore, analyzing the interleukins (IL) expression status improves the diagnosis and the classification of the IBD cases. In this a case-control study, among 400 patients whom admitted to the IBD clinic, forty nine IBD patients were included. Patients were divided into three categories based on 1) the phase of the disease, 2) the type of IBD, Ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD), and 3) the therapeutic pathways. Using the real-time PCR method, the expression levels of IL-12A, IL-12B, IL-23A, and IL-27 were examined in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and compared to the pre-described subgroups. the data showed upregulation in the expression levels of IL-12A and IL-12B in the remission phase in comparison with the flare-up. However, no significant changes were obtained from the evaluation of IL-23A and IL-27. In addition, the mRNA levels of the target genes in the subgroups of Category 2 as well as Category 3 were similar. Our results showed that expression patterns of the IL-12A and IL-12B genes varied between the remission and flare-up phases for the IBD patients, and may be considered as potential biomarkers for the detection and the classification of IBD cases.

Identification of crucial genes and possible biomarkers which are involved in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) disease was aim of this study. BE is diagnosed by endoscopy and biopsy and is characterized by esophageal columnar metaplastic epithelium. BE can convert into dysplasia that finally results cancer condition. Gene expression profiles of BE and normal gastric cardia which are characterized by GSE34619 and GPL6244 platform (1) were retrieved from gene expression omnibus (GEO). The significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed via protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis. The nodes of network were enriched via gene ontology (GO) to find biological terms. Action map of network elements was provided. Among 250 top DEGs, 100 ones were included in PPI network and KIT, CFTR, IMPDH2, MYB, FLT1, ATP4A, and CPS1 were recognized as prominent genes related to BE. Seven amino acids including arginine, alanine, aspartate, glutamate, valine, leucine and isoleucine which are related to BE were highlighted. In conclusion five central DEGs; KIT, CFTR, IMPDH2, MYB, and FLT1 were proposed as possible biomarkers for BE. However, validation and more experimental information is require to finalize the findings.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are inflammatory disorders that affect the gastrointestinal tract. A combination of inflammatory cytokines has an important role in IBD development. Genome-wide association studies have shown that polymorphisms in the interleukin-23R gene (IL-23R) increase susceptibility to IBD. The aim of this study was to investigate the IL-23R 3' UTR SNP to determine a potential association between genotype distribution and IBD.
The case group included 102 IBD patients and the control group included 107 healthy individuals. IL-23R polymorphisms rs10889677 were genotyped using PCR-RFLP analysis. RFLP results were confirmed by direct sequencing.
The allele and genotype frequencies in patients and controls were evaluated and compared, and no significant association between this functional rs10889677 polymorphism and risk of IBD was observed (P=0.587; adjusted OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.597-1.339). We also found no significant association between CD (14.71%) and UC (85.29%) patients in allele or genotype levels (P>0.05).
Our results suggest that the rs10889677 A>C polymorphism is not a potential prognostic marker in Iranian patients with IBD.

Aim: The aim of this study was the evaluation of the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging disease with high prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Many studies have reported the prevalence of NAFLD in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. However, these results are inconsistent.
A Literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, web of science and Science Direct from 2005 to August 2017. The necessary information was extracted. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistic. Meta-regression analyses were performed to the estimation of the relationship between the year of study and sample size with the prevalence of NAFLD. Publication bias was assessed by both Begg rank correlation and Egger tests. Subgroup analysis was performed for identification of sources heterogeneity.
Seventeen studies involving 10897 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with NAFLD were included in this meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of NAFLD in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients by random effects models was 54% (95% CI, 45%- 64%). There is a significant heterogeneity across studies with (I2= 99%, p> 0.01). The funnel plot as graphically and Begg and Egger as statistically showed no publication bias among studies. Subgroup analysis indicated that the prevalence of NAFLD in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients differed in predictive factors such as lipid profile, BMI, HbA1c, AST, and ALT. This finding in spite of heterogeneity of documents is corresponding to the positive correlation between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The findings indicated that the overall prevalence of NAFLD among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is significantly higher. It can be concluded that type 2 diabetes mellitus patients should be managed to prevent NAFLD.

Aim: Assessment of related genes to colon cancer to introduce crucial ones, was the aim of this research.
Colon cancer is one of the invasive colorectal diseases. This disease is preventable and manageable if it be diagnosed in early stage. The aggressive tools for its detection imply more investigation for new molecular diagnostic methods.
Numbers of 300 genes from String database (SD) are analyzed via constructed Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network by Cytoscape software 3.4.0. Based on centrality parameters the main connected component of network was analyzed and the crucial genes were introduced. Cluster analysis of the network and gene ontology for the nodes of the main cluster revealed more details about the role of the key proteins related to colon cancer disease.
The constructed network was consisted of 300 genes which among them 68 genes were isolated and the 232 other genes formed the main connected component. Ten crucial genes related to colon adenocarcinoma were introduced that presented in cluster 1. Gene ontology analysis showed that cluster 1 is involved in 226 biological processes which are classified in 25 groups.
In conclusion, results indicate that the identified key proteins play significant roles in colon adenocarcinoma. It may be possible to introduce a few diagnostic biomarker candidates for colon cancer disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of unknown etiology which mostly involves the intestine and requires a personalized approach for treatment. IBD represents a heterogeneous group of patients with inherently variable disease courses. Hence, the heterogeneity of patient populations may delay the diagnosis, clinical practice and initiation of appropriate treatment. Use of biomarkers for diagnosis and management of IBD is still necessary. Descriptions of the immunological pathway abnormalities in IBD improve assessment to identify the patient’s disease status, and relative risk of progression to complicated disease behaviors, and this information may ultimately influence therapeutic decisions. In this study, we try to explain the role of biomarkers in early diagnosis, estimating prognosis, and target agents for correct managements of IBD’s patients. This information might be important to provide insight into emerging panels of multiple IBD biomarkers and highlighting the essential role of personalizes panel for each patient.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the association between survival of patients with colorectal cancer and prognostic factors in a competing risks parametric model using Weibull distribution.
The prognosis of colorectal cancer is relatively good in terms of survival time. In many prognostic studies, patients may be exposed to several types of competing events. These different causes of death are called competing risks.
Data recorded from 372 patients with colorectal cancer who registered in Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran) from 2004 to 2015 in a retrospective study. Analysis was performed using competing risks model and Weibull distribution. Software used for data analysis was R, and significance level was regarded as 0.05.
The result indicated that, at the end of follow-up, 111 (29.8%) death was from colorectal cancer and 14 (3.8%) death was due to other diseases. The average body mass index (BMI) was 24.61(SD 3.98). The mean survival time for a patient in 372 was 62.05(SD 48.78) month with median equals to 48 months. According to competing-risks method, only stageIII ( HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.246-2.315 ), stageIV( HR, 4.51; 95% CI,2.91-6.99 ) and BMI( HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.96-0.975) have a significant effect on patient’s survival time.
This study indicated pathologic stage(III,IV) and BMI as the prognosis, using Weibull model with competing risks analysis, while other model without the competing events leads to significant predictors which may due to over-estimation.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by germline mutation in Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) gene. FAP accounts less than 1% of all colorectal cancers incidence. Patients generally present hundreds to thousands of adenomas in colon and rectum and develop colorectal cancer by age 35 – 40 if left untreated. A milder form of FAP with fewer numbers of polyps (< 100) is Attenuated FAP (AFAP) and in comparison with classical FAP, it usually diagnosed at an older age. Approximately 15% – 20% of FAP patients are ‘‘de novo’’ cases without any family history of the disease and novel APC mutations account for approximately 25% of FAP cases. In our study, we reported a novel missense mutation at the APC gene in a denovo patient with AFAP like phenotype.

The aim of this study was to search for metabolic biomarkers of Crohn’s disease (CD). Crohn''s disease (CD) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that causing a wide variety of symptoms. CD can influence any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus. CD is not easily diagnosed because monitoring tools are currently insufficient. Thus, the discovery of proper methods is needed for early diagnosis of CD.Patients and We utilized metabolic profiling using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR) to find the metabolites in serum. Classification of CD and healthy subject was done using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). According to PLS-DA model, we concluded that just using one descriptor CD and control groups could be classified separately. The level of lipid in blood serum of CD compared to healthy cohorts was decreased. For the external test set, the classification model showed a 94% correct classification of CD and healthy subject. The result of classification model presents that NMR based metabonomics is key tool as well as insight into potential targets for disease therapy and prevention.

Celiac disease has been reported to be associated with gastric abnormalities. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the prevalence of celiac disease and Helicobacter pylori infection in an Iranian population of 250 patients. Biopsies were taken from the gastric antrum and duodenum. Morphology and histology were evaluated using the updated Sydney system and modified Marsh criteria, respectively. To simplify the interpretation of gastric lesions we classified gastritis in macroscopic and microscopic stages. Serology for anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody was performed to determine the presence of celiac disease. Among 250 patients, 232 (93%) had histological evidence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Histological abnormalities (Marsh I to IIIc) were present in 24 (10%). Of 24 patients, 20 (83%) with histological abnormalities were infected with Helicobacter pylori. Of 250 patients, 25 (10%) had a positive anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody. Of 25 anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody positive patients, 9 (3.6%) had microscopic and macroscopic enteritis (Marsh I to IIIc). Clinical presentation of celiac disease was not distinguishable from cases infected with Helicobacter pylori. Histology, even in patients with positive serology, was non-specific and unhelpful. We found a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic gastritis, but neither was associated with celiac disease, in agreement with studies in Western populations.