mohsen shabestar

In contemporary society, marginalization has emerged as a significant social issue, imposing formidable barriers to social development. Accordingly, this study aims to explore the causal and contextual factors contributing to the stagnation of social development among marginalized residents of Pakdasht and Qiyam-Dasht. The study population consists of individuals residing in the marginalized areas of Pakdasht and Qiyam-Dasht, who were purposively and theoretically sampled. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 38 residents from these areas, with the criterion of theoretical saturation determining the termination of interviews. The data analysis followed the grounded theory method, employing the Straussian approach. The research findings reveal the causal conditions for the suspension of social development, including mutual irreversibility, transient and instrumental actions, weak self-concept, intergenerational perpetuation of poverty, and limited access to resources. Furthermore, the grounds contributing to the stagnation of social development manifest through categories such as divergent roles, gaps in social awareness, inadequate resource availability and reference groups, erosion of family boundaries, and institutional distrust. The outcomes illuminate that the mosaic structure of these regions has been shaped by ethnic conflicts and identity clashes. The dominance of ethnic pursuits, stemming from these conflicts and regressive ideologies, has hindered societal convergence. Furthermore, identity conflicts, exacerbated by profound inequalities, have impeded the adaptation of these ethnic groups to the modern world, particularly in the context of Tehran. Consequently, individuals in these areas tend to engage in transient and utilitarian actions, limiting the establishment of sustainable social interactions and impeding social development.

Although more than 6 decades have passed since the life of regional planning in Iran, the heavy shadow of gaps and spatial imbalances still weighs heavily on regions. Accepting the fact that regional diversity in the development process is inevitable and necessary for the development and progress of a country, we can say that the role of regional planning has forced us to adapt to scientific changes in this field. The genealogy of the development process in Iran shows that the approach of capital accumulation and imposition of specific roles to regions has been done mainly without any cost-benefit analysis and only based on the approach of the pole of growth and concentration of capital in a historical process. This article tries to examine this important issue. Therefore, to understand such a situation, to analyze the economic conditions of the regions; In the form of development indicators such as: population and manpower (urban-rural), employment and unemployment, social participation, the three sectors of the economy, GDP, etc. have been studied using the TOPSIS technique. The results of the research indicate that the Iranian Space Organization has become multilevel and the provinces that are the centers of development have cut their downstream areas in terms of development indicators and by focus of section on attracting capital, Population and industry have caused spatial imbalances inside and outside the region.

Intervention in erode texture is basically a social issue and its main pillar is the participation of household living in target organizing areas. Experience, preparation, implementation and evaluation of inefficient and erode urban texture organizing planning, clearly demonstrate that there will be no guarantee for achieving to the goals without agreement and interconnected between inhabitants and renovation improvement authorities.So attracting inhabitant’s participation is a vital precondition for erode texture planning. In this regard in order to encourage cooperation seeking sense among inhabitants and realization to people participation field there need to awareness of households attitude. And present study has been done for the same objective.The study population of this research are in Charmardan, Handian and Ghale kamkar neighborhood in Qom city. Process governing on this research first has reviewed the library records relating to the research and has developed theoretical framework and then meanwhile developing hypothesis in response to posed questions also has done field research. Research methodology is descriptive analysis and data co collecting has done through questionnaires and interview. In order to hypothesis testing Spirman correlation efficient is used and for study on relation variable path analysis is applied. The research result s show that the participation

Urban privacy is of particular importance in planning, directing and controlling the development of cities. The rapid growth of urbanization, the uncontrolled expansion of cities and their surrounding lands, especially in developing countries, have made planning challenges for metropolises very difficult. Management and planning for Tehran's metropolitan area in recent decades, pave the way for the challenge among various stakeholders who each want a share of the periphery of the city for themselves. The main purpose of the research is to identify the issues of integrated management of the Tehran metropolitan privacy. The methodology of this research is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Secondary analysis of existing documentary-library information, related plans and maps were used to collect data to analyze the current status of privacy. In order to validate and provide the model, semi-structured interviews with urban experts were carried out and through Maxwell's software the qualitative content analysis of the interviews was conducted. The findings of this study show that legal, managerial, institutional and physical-spatial issues in the integrated management of privacy in the Tehran metropolitan area have been disturbed so that a number of administrative and institutional divisions in the Tehran metropolitan area have been violated. The cities located in this area are one of the major issues in the Tehran metropolitan area. Therefore, considering these issues and examining privacy challenges, an integrated model, tailored to the current structure of Tehran's privacy management, has been proposed and presented.

Housing as one of the main infrastructure development and multi-faceted issue with various biological, social and economic aspects, needed to accurate and comprehensive study. And recognition using existing techniques and the ranking to them, and they have not identified in different fields. Housing as one of the main infrastructure development and category with various aspects of environmental, social and economic, requires careful study and all – out. the present study of the type of descriptive and analytical approach to the library and documents required data collected and with a view to measure the amount of developed counties in the central province of housing to those who has been using topsis and vikor techniques ranking to analyse indicators of housing in the study area to pay . the results of the research suggests that counties, with its huge population like Arak and Saveh at a low level of developed nations are in indicators and vice versa provinces, with a population of less like Khondab and Farahan were at an acceptable level and Spearman test showed represents the reverse relationship between the population and industrial development with the utility housing.at the end of the housing also predicted required in the coming years .

Today the creation of sustainable and habitable neighborhoods has become one of the requirements of planning and management in cities (and especially metropolises). Places have a great influence on the quality of life of their inhabitants. In creating a permanent neighborhoods, several factors has infuoence such as economic, physical, cultural factors.In this regard, urban land use (especially commercial use due to the nature of daily activities) is considered as one of the main factors in the neighborhood system, which, on the one hand, guarantees vitality, dynamism and access, and on the other hand, it can have bad effect such as increase the magnitude of traffic congestion and etc... This paper tries to investigate the relationship between the role of distribiution commercial use and the sustainability of urban neighborhoods in order to determine the direction of land use planning on the scale of urban neighborhoods. In this regard, the neighborhood of Darous is considered as one of the neighborhoods of the 3rd district of Tehran. One-sample T-test was used to measure the level of neighborhood sustainability.Since the ultimate goal of this research is to determine the extent of the impact of distribiution of commercial use on neighborhood sustainability, so has been used of regression analysis.The results showed that the neighborhood sustainability indicators of the Darous are at an appropriate level, and commercial use at the neighborhood level, have enhanced increasing resident's access to shopping centers, vitality and social monitoring, neighborhood security and led to the sustainability of Darous residential neighborhoods.