mojarad

Sodium butyrate (NaBr), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has emerged as a promising anticancer drug for multiple cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium butyrate on the changes in the expression of the Bid gene in human colorectal cancer cell line.

HT-29 cell line was cultured. Cells were treated with different concentration of NaBr (from 6.25 mM to 200mM) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cytotoxicity and IC50 were evaluated by MTT assay. The effect of NaBr on Bid gene expression was examined by PCR and qRT-PCR.

The IC50 for 24, 48, and 72 hours were 95mM, 25mM and, 12.5mM respectively. Antiproliferative activity of NaBr was dependent on time and dose manner. The results of real time PCR showed that the expression of Bid gene in treated cells with IC50 concentration increased significantly (p<0.05) in comparison with the control group.

The results showed that NaBr inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis in the HT-29 cell line which can be due to the increase in Bid gene expression. So, the change in expression of the apoptosis genes can effect by histone deacetylase inhibitors.

Gut microbiota is the complex community of microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of humans and other animals, including insects. The relationship between gut microbiota and human health is mutualistic and altered bacterial compositions in fecal and mucosal specimens of colon in patients with cancer compared to healthy subjects were observed. Thereby, studying the gut microbiota, their interactions with the host and their alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients could be helpful to diagnose and treat the disease in earlier stages. In CRC research, the most common samples are feces and tumor tissues. Interestingly, scientists have quite different views regarding gut microbiota composition of feces and tissues. Some believe bacterial populations in feces and mucosa are completely distinct and differ in composition and diversity while some others declare similar variations. Actually, both types of specimens have some advantages and disadvantages in survey of gut microbiota. Fecal samples serve as a noninvasive approach for screening tests while mucosal associated samples are more powerful for identification of bacteria with adenoma and CRC initiation and growth. Here we have discussed the advantages and disadvantages of two type of specimens in CRC investigations and also discussed the similarities and differences of microbial composition between stool and tissue specimens.

The aim of the present study was to simultaneously investigate parasitic contamination of treated wastewater and downstream
vegetable farms that are irrigated with treated sewage, during a year. (Oo) Cysts and eggs of parasites are resistant to most of routine wastewater treatment process. Irrigation of vegetables
farms with either treated wastewater or illegally use of raw wastewaters enhances the risk of contamination with enteric pathogens. The treated wastewater samples were taken after chlorination from a wastewater treatment plant located at the south of
Tehran. In addition, 60 vegetable samples (5 samples from each farm) were collected from the selected downstream farms that
routinely used treated wastewater for irrigation of crops. Parasitological tests were performed using Ziehl–Neelsen, conventional
lugol’s iodine staining and direct microscopical examination. Parasites including free living larvae, eggs of Toxoascaris leonina, egg of Toxocara sp. Trichuris sp, Trichostrongylus sp
and amoeboid trophozoite were seen in 5/12 (41.7%) of vegetable samples gathered during a year. There was no statistically
significant correlation between the season and parasitic contamination of the vegetables (P= 1). Furthermore, parasitic contamination
was observed in 7/12 (53.8%) of treated wastewater samples. The correlation between season and parasitic contamination of treated
wastewater was evaluated that the results showed a higher contamination of treated wastewater in spring and autumn (P<0.05).
Fisher’s exact test also showed that there was no significant correlation between parasitic contaminations of vegetable samples and
treated wastewater according to seasonal change. The results showed parasites in both treated wastewater plant and downstream crops farms that suggests the public
health importance of the quality of water resources that routinely used for irrigation of vegetable farms

Prosody is one of the technical discussions in literature, including Persian literature. Various books have been written on this area during the course of centuries, some of which are famous and some others are less known. Among them an edition of a work may be found that has remained unknown for centuries. These kinds of works generally reveal major part of the history of our culture and literature. One example of such works is ‘Šâfiye fi Ma‘refat al-‘Aruz va al-Qâfiye’ which was compiled in the 9th century (AH) in Ottoman territory. This book is in Arabic, but on Persian prosody and the entire extant evidences have been selected from the lexicons, hemistiches and poems of Persian composers. The current study first explores the author’s identity, then describes both general and particular characteristics of the work as well as investigates its place in the history of Persian literature. Thereafter, introduces in detail the unique edition of the work which has been briefly introduced in the list of manuscripts of Nurusmaniye library together with its pictures.

Aim: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the relation between the expression of liver alpha-amylase and obesity.
Alpha-amylase catalyses the hydrolysis of 1, 4-alpha-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides and has three main subtypes, including: salivary, pancreatic, and hepatic. Hepatic alpha-amylase is involved in glycogen metabolism, and has a role in obesity and its management. In this study, we aimed to analyze the expression of liver alpha-amylase in overweight and obese mouse.
Material and In this study, NMRI male mice were randomly divided into two groups. The sample group (obese) took a high-fat and carbohydrate diet, while the control group (normal) took a laboratory pellet chow for eight weeks. During this period, their weight was measured. After eight weeks, liver hepatocytes were isolated using an enzymatic digestion method. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and flow cytometry analysis were performed to measure alpha amylase protein expression in mouse liver hepatocyte cells.
A significant difference in the body weight was observed between the two groups (p These results suggest that liver amylase secretion might be useful for predicting susceptibility to obesity induced by consumption of a high-fat and carbohydrate diet.

Aim: This study investigated subtypes of Cryptosporidium in patients with gastrointestinal complaints in Tehran, Iran.
Cryptosporidium, an intracellular protozean parasite, is among the major causative agents of gastroenteritis disorders in humans. It also causes water-borne and food-borne outbreaks of diarrheal diseases.
Patients and A total of 1685 fecal samples were collected from patients with gastrointestinal complaints who had been referred to clinical laboratories Tehran, Iran. The primary diagnosis was established by the detection of oocysts using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method and following that, the positive microscopically samples were selected for sequence analysis of the partial 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene.
Out of 1685 collected samples, 7 (0.4 %) were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Sequence analysis of gp60 gene in seven Cryptosporidium isolates revealed that two subtype families were identified, IIa and IId. Five (of 7) isolates belonged to the subtype family IIa and the remaining two isolates belonged to IId. Two sub-types were recognized within the subtype family II,a including IIaA16G2R1 (3/5), IIaA17G1R1 (2/5), while IIdA17G1d was the only subtype within IId subtype family.
The predominance of zoonotic subtype families of C. parvum species (IIa, IId) in this study highlights the importance of zoonotic transmission of cryptosporidiosis in the country.

The aim of the present study was to determine the timing of eruption of permanent teeth and assess its association with the height and weight in 12-year-old female students in Hamadan (2004). This descriptive/cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2003 to April 2004. 1000 healthy female students were consecutively selected from 9 different secondary schools in Hamadan. Each student’s data was recorded in the relevant questionnaire. Measuring their height, weight and date of birth were also obtained. The height was measured in centimeter, using wall-mounted ruler on the child’s head with their back and knees completely straight, and their feet together. The weight was measured in kilogram using a commercial digital scale after removal of the shoes only. The date of birth was obtained from the school records. The dental examination was carried out using a tongue depressor under natural light for the selected child. The mean and standard deviation of tooth eruption time was estimated for all of the girls. Bivariate analysis was used to assess any significant association between tooth eruption time and demographic variables. Pearson and partial correlations were used to determine the significant relationship between tooth eruption times with height/weight. Generally, the means of height and weight of the subjects were 152 cm and 43.3 kg, respectively. The mean number of erupted teeth was 25.35. In partial correlation analysis, mean tooth eruption times were positively, but not significantly associated with height while controlling for weight, On the other hand, mean tooth eruption times were positively associated with weight while controlling for height. The correlation coefficients between height and weight and the number of erupted teeth were 0.321 and 0.25, respectively, indicating a weak correlation but significant at a level of 0.01. It can be concluded that girls with a higher height and weight compared to their peers had more erupted teeth. Although the height and of weight the girls did not show any significant influence on the tooth eruption times.

In the present study، pistachio production and trade and influential factors on its exports in Iran and the USA are compared. The Using the annual data from 1970 to 2011; this study aimed to analyze the effects of pistachio price and the effects of food security. Moreover، the relationship between exchange rate and pistachio export in the Iranian economy was analyzed through examining a non linear relation between the two factors. Therefore، the hypothesis validation upon nonlinearity relationship between exchange rate and pistachio export was analyzed using smooth transition autoregressive model (STAR). The results of smooth transition model (STAR) show that there is a nonlinear Granger causality between exchange rate and pistachio export and vice versa. It is therefore recommended، in order to determine the threshold level of potential benefits of pistachio exports، the existence of the nonlinear relationship between the dynamic exchange rate and pistachio exports should be considered. Furthermore، in order to maintain market share in the international level، understanding target markets of export and achieving complete information upon the position of the major competitors in the production and trade of Pistachio is essential.

Choice theory is a theory based on inner control psychology that believes the past significantly influences in our present life but it can’t determine our current behavior. Choice theory explains that we, as humans, how to choose in order to get what we want. Due to the shortage of research about selection theory in our Iran, this study’s aim was to investigate the effect of choice theory learning on the life quality and happiness in people who quit drugs. The current study was a semi – empirical research. The research plan used a pre-test and post-test plan with control group and two months follow up. Statistical society of this study included all people who quited drugs in Tehran in 2012. About 40 people who completed the addiction treatment program in addiction treatment center were selected by random cluster sampling. Then they were grouped in two categories by simple selection method as test group (20 people) and control group (20). Two questionnaires of life quality and MUNSH happiness scale were used to collect data. The selection theory learning program was administrated in twelve sessions for period of 90 minutes for test group. The repeated measures MANCOVA were used to analyze data. The selection theory learning increased the life quality level (p≤0.000, F=50.85) and happiness (p≤0.000, F=573.05) test group in post-test stage. Also, the results has shown that over time the Intervention effect was a constant process in post-test and the follow up stages. Due to the importance of life quality level and happiness in people who quit drugs, the addiction treatment centers can help these people by learning the choice theory method to improve their life quality and increase their happiness after their addiction treatment.

The present study was performed in order to differentiate E. histolytica and E. dispar in children from Gorgan city, using a PCR method. Differential detection of two morphologically indistinguishable protozoan parasites Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar has a great clinical and epidemiological importance because of potential invasive pathogenic E. histolytica and non-invasive parasite E. dispar.Patients and One hundred and five dysentery samples were collected from children hospitalized in Taleghani hospital in Gorgan city. The fecal specimens were examined by light microscopy (10X then 40X) to distinguish Entamoeba complex. A single round PCR amplifying partial small-subunit rRNA gene was performed on positive microscopy samples to differentiate E. histolytica/ E. dispar and E. moshkovskii from each other. Twenty-five specimens (23.8%) were positive for Enramoeba complex in direct microscopic examination. PCR using positive controls indicated E. histolytica and E. dispar in two (2/25, 8%) and three (3/25, 12%) samples, respectively. There is a warrant to performing molecular diagnosis for stool examination at least in hospitalized children in order to prevent incorrect reports from laboratories and consequently mistreating by physicians.

Colorectal cancer is classified in to three forms: sporadic (70-75%), familial (20-25%) and hereditary (5-10%). hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes classified into two different subtypes: polyposis and non polyposis. Familial Adenomatous polyposis (FAP; OMIM #175100) is the most common polyposis syndrome, account for <1% of colorectal cancer incidence and characterized by germline mutations in the Adenomatous polyposis coli

Introduction & The management of mutilated primary incisors in early childhood caries is a clinical challenge. This study''s purpose was to compare the resistance strength of 3 different types of posts in restoring broken primary incisors: (1) composite posts، (2) ortho-dontic wire posts and (3) quartz fiber posts. This semi experimental in vitro study was performed on 27 extracted human primary maxillary incisors. The coronal portion of specimens was sectioned 1-mm above the cementoenamel junction. Complete pulpectomy was performed for all specimens. The post space was created using a straight fissure bur approximately 3 mm. Samples were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (composite posts and composite core)، group 2 (quartz fiber posts and composite core) and group 3 (orthodontic? wire posts and composite core). Mounted specimens were subjected for fracture strength on an instron testing ma-chine at 45 angles. Mean fracture strength value for group 1 was 248. 9± 72. 36 N، group 2 was 446. 7±116. 4 N and group 3 was 365. 6± 31. 3. This result showed significant differences among the three groups. Quartz fiber posts showed greater fracture strength for extensively damaged primary incisors than composite posts and orthodontic wire posts.

Introduction & Tea is one of the most commonly consumed drinks in the world. Tea is recognized as a source of fluoride whose intake may increase the risk of developing dental fluorosis، particularly if other sources of fluoride augment the intake. Since the amount of fluoride in different types of tea consumed in our country is unknown، the purpose of this study was to evaluate the fluoride level of 22 commercial brands of tea popular in Iran. This descriptive study was conducted to assess the fluoride content of black tea (10 brands)، bagged black tea (9 brands)، and green tea (3 brands). 2 g from three samples of each tea brand taken out randomly were added to 200 ml deionized water and boiled for 10 minutes. After the infusion temperature coming down to the room temperature، the infusion was filtered and its volume made up to 200 ml by adding deionized water. The fluoride levels were measured using ion-selective electrode، and reported as mg/lit. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. The Fluoride content was found 1. 51 mg/lit in black tea bag، 1. 038 mg/lit in green tea and 0. 869±0. 360 mg/lit in black tea sticks. (P<0. 05)، However، there was no statistically sig-nificant difference of fluoride concentration between green tea and black tea sticks (P= 0. 52). This study showed that fluoride content of some tea brands were so high that drinking a few cups daily may increase the risk of developing dental fluorosis. Therefore، their consumption must be limited particularly in children، and in all inhabitants of regions with high fluoride levels in water supply.

In this study four relevant factors, temperature, time, humidity and storage atmosphere were selected and the effect of each factor on aging of unvulcanized NR compound were studied at three different levels, based on measuring the ozone resistant and fatigue life time of rubber blends to monitor the extent of degradation. The optimal combination of mentioned factors was determined based on Taguchi protocol, and maximum fatigue life was obtained. Taguchi experimental design reduces cost and improves quality. The result of this work can be useful for rubber industries who storage their final compounds more than one day in the production lines.

One of the coeliac disease(CD) symptoms is infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, we are not cognizant of any CD reports in pregnancy in Iran. Therefore, this study aims to prospectively estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed CD in a population of pregnant women as well as its complications in pregnancy. 796 pregnant women with mean age of 26 years(SD= 26) and mean pregnancy duration of 5.4 months participated in this descriptive study from 2007 to 2008. Total IgA test and antitissue transglutaminase(tTGA) antibodies were measured. Those with positive TGA underwent histological biopsy specimens according to modified Marsh classification. A positive CD serology for tTGA was obderved in 17(2.1%) out of 796 pregnant women. Out of the 17 seropositive patients, 10 had abnormal histology compatible with CD(Marsh I-IIIc) symptoms. Two pregnant women had already experienced miscarriage. Moreover, 3 patients had born low birth weight babies. In this study, there was no significant relationship between CD and high incidence of adverse outcomes. Overall, 1 out of 66 pregnant women(1.5% rate of prevalence) suffered from CD. Celiac disease shows different severity in different individuals. In other words, not every celiac patient is at high risk for its complications. This may propose that gluten free diet could be avoided in the patients who have a normal pregnancy.

Excessive weight in children is a major public health concern. The intakeof refined carbohydrates, especially sugars and the prevalence of dental cariesare well documented in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigatethe relationship between dental caries and BMI in elementary school children. The sampling technique used in the present study was acluster random sampling. A total of 1000 pupils (500 girls, 500 boys) aged 6-11years from 20 private and state elementary schools (10 boys, 10 girls). The weightstatus was measured in children by assessment of body mass index (BMI) (=bodyweight/body height2 kg/m2) corresponding to gender and age-ranked percentages.To assess the caries frequency the decayed filled teeth (DFT) index for permanentdentition and the dft index for primary dentition were used since they give goodperception about the situation of tooth caries in young patients. The highest mean total dft/DFT was seen in normal weight and lowestaverage in at risk of overweight children. There was not a statistically significantrelationship found between high weight and caries frequency in the first (p=0.08)and permanent dentitions (p=0.06). The results of this preliminary study do not support an associationbetween dental caries and obesity.

Atrak Basin is an agricultural area in North Khorasan province that the most farmers are using from groundwater resources for irrigation their crops. Decreasing rainfall in recent years in this area, competition between urban, agriculture and industrial consumers has increased for water acquisition. In present study, game theory was applied for groundwater resources management of Atrak Basin. Optimal extraction quantity of groundwater resources were quantified with using Pareto frontier curve and four conflict resolution methods for 6 alternative groundwater extraction scenarios. The results showed that, when environmental and economic objectives are assigned equal weight or importance, the best scenario is to extract between 64 and 117 million cubic meters each year. Ultimately, optimal decision making depends on the relative importance weights assigned to the conflicting objectives.

In order to determine the tick specie of goats, reared in cities of west-Azarbaijan province, the present investigation was performed from March 2006 (Farvardin 1385) to April 2007 (Esfand 1385). Meanwhile, distribution of ticks according to age and sex on different part of the body and the seasonal variation of tick population and infestation were also studied. Overall 1800 goats of both sexes, from 21 cities and their suburbs in west-Azarbaijan province were examined for tick infestation. The results revealed 52 (2.88%) goats were infested by hard ticks. The highest percentage of infestation was observed in Miandoab area during June 2006 (Khordad1385), while the lowest percentage was in Shahindegh area during February 2006. There was a significant difference (p

Noise pollution is one of the most important situations requiring a solution by the contemporary world. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has identified noise as one of the ten leading causes of work-related diseases and injuries. Dentists and dental auxiliaries are exposed to different noise levels while working in dental offices or laboratories. The purpose of this study was to measure the noise level made by different dental instruments in dental offices and laboratories. Measurement of the noise level was performed in 89 dental offices and nine dental laboratories. The noise levels were determined using a sound level meter; type SL-4011 (Lutron), which was placed at the operator''s ear level in dental offices and laboratories and also at two-meter distance from the technician''s ear in laboratories. The maximum sound level was 85.8 dB in dental offices and 92.0 dB in laboratories. In dental clinics, the highest noise was produced by the ultrasonic-scaler (85.8 dB) and the lowest noise (49.7 dB) by the high-volume aspirator, whereas in the laboratory, the highest noise was caused during grinding by the stonecutter (92.0 dB) and the lowest by the denture-polishing unit (41.0 dB). After close evaluation, we believe that the maximum noise level in dental offices, although often beneath the damaging noise level for the human ear, is very close to the limit of hearing loss (85.0 dB). However, laboratory technicians may be at risk if they choose not to wear ear protection (earplugs or earmuffs).

The Mediterranean type of kala-azar is occurred in different parts of Iran and caused by Leishmania infan tum. A rapid and valid test for early detection of visceral leishmaniasis in human would be highly desirable because it could de crease mortality rate of the disease. In this study, we aimed to compare the results of K39sub antigen with an commercial immu nochromatographic dipstick rk39 test (Cypress Diagnostic Company, Belgium) for early detection of L. infantum infec tion in human. K39sub recombinant antigen of L. infantum LON49 was expressed in prokaryotic system and evaluated for the diagno sis of human visceral leishmaniasis. This study evaluated the performance of recombinant K39sub antigen by ELISA and an commercial immunochromatographic dipstick rk39 test for the detection of L. infantum antibodies in 43 clinically in fected patients with direct agglutination test (DAT) at a 1: 3200 cut off titer and higher. Controls included 69 healthy volun teers and 28 patients with other diseases including malaria (n=5), tuberculosis (n= 3), toxoplasmosis (n= 4), cystic hydatido sis (n= 5) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (n= 11). The sensitivity of the K39sub antigen and an immunochromatographic dipstick rk39 test was 90.7%, and 97.7%, respec tively, while the specificity was 95.6% and 97.9%, correspondingly. A good concordance was found between k39sub anti gen and commercial dipstick rk39 strips (k= 96.4%). The accuracy of the K39sub antigen in the detection of L. infantum antibodies in human infec tion is confirmed.

Abstract: Surveillance of the canine reservoir is highly important to help control of visceral leishmaniasis in human. It is therefore imperative to improve and develop new tools reliable, easy to use, and cheap for the diagnosis of canine leishmani asis. K39 sub recombinant antigen of Leishmania infantum was expressed in prokaryotic system and evaluated for sero-diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). The gene fragment encoding a single 39-amino acid subunit of the kinesin-related protein k39 (k39sub) was ampli fied from DNA of Iranian strain of L. infantum (MCAN/IR/96/LON49) and cloned into a pMAL-p2 expres sion vector in frame with maltose-binding protein (MBP) fusion. The antigenic properties of L. infantum recombinant K39 sub unit (39 amino acids) have been tested for the serological diagnosis of CVL by ELISA. K39sub ELISA for CVL was com pared with a standard direct agglutination test (DAT) on 55 clinically infected dogs and 71 healthy controls from en demic areas of Ardabil and East Azerbaijan provinces, north-west of Iran. A sensitivity of 72.7% and specificity of 87.3% were found at a 1:320 cut off titer when DAT confirmed cases were compared with healthy control. A good concordance was found between k39sub ELISA and DAT (k= 81.0). Given the antigenic properties shown by the k39sub, we think this protein carry immunodominant epitopes and are valuable for the sero- diagnosis of L. infantum infection in dogs.