فهرست مطالب mojtaba kamyab

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and Scheuermann kyphosis (SK) are the most common spinal deformities in adolescents aged 10 to 16. During the past 50 years, brace treatment has been suggested as the most common nonsurgical treatment for AIS and SK. The brace efficacy strongly depends on wearing time. Also, previous studies indicated that patients with spinal deformities undergoing brace treatment experience deformity-related emotional distress. This study aimed to comprehend the experiences of braces-treated adolescents during school time using a qualitative approach.

This descriptive qualitative research was used with an interpretative framework and enlisted the help of children with spinal deformities who have been prescribed "brace wearing." This study was conducted using semi-structured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews and phone conversations from September 2020 to May 2021. Additionally, content analysis was employed.

A total of 64 participants were interviewed, including 32 adolescents with spinal deformities under brace treatment and their parents (27 mothers, and 5 fathers). Three main categories—concerns, actual problems, received support—6 subcategories, and 278 codes were discovered following data analysis about participants' experiences.

Special school-based programs are required for such tortious conditions. This qualitative study motivates a better understanding of these special children and their hidden problems and suggests developing a supportive protocol.

Thoracic hyperkyphosis is one of the most common conditions in the elderly. The use of orthosis and exercise is one of the most effective treatments suggested, but unfortunately, there is little evidence to support this treatment. The study aimed to compare the effect of Spinomed® orthosis and elderly spinal orthosis with exercise and exercise alone on the angle of kyphosis, quality of life, and pain in the elderly with thoracic hyperkyphosis.

In this study, 40 older adults aged 60 years and older with a kyphosis angle of more than 50 degrees were recruited. The participants were allocated into three groups: Spinomed® orthosis and exercise (n=14), elderly spinal orthosis and exercise (n=15), and exercise only (n=11). The groups were treated for three months.

There was a significant decrease in the kyphosis angle of participants in the Spinomed® orthosis and exercise groups (P=0.005). Pain score was significantly decreased in the Spinomed® orthosis and exercise group (P=0.023). There was only a significant increase in the physical component summary in the Spinomed® orthosis and exercise group (P=0.03) and the elderly spinal orthosis and exercise group (P=0.04) .

The combination of Spinomed® orthosis with exercise is the best choice to correct the kyphosis angle, reduce pain, and increase the quality of life. Elderly spinal orthosis and exercise can also improve the quality of life scores.

Improving the timing and endurance of the deep abdominal muscles, notably transversus abdominis (TrA), is a known protocol for improving spinal stability. TrA is the deepest abdominal muscle, and monitoring its activity is a difficult task. Ultrasound and pressure biofeedback have been employed for monitoring the activity of TrA; however, these methods are expensive, not always available in all clinical settings, and their application requires formal training. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of a broadly known method, i.e., changes in the waist circumference, to monitor the activity of TrA. 

The study was carried out on 14 subjects following a pilot study of 5 participants. The thickness of TrA measured by ultrasound was considered the standard indicator for activity of TrA and was compared with simu

Improving the timing and endurance of the deep abdominal muscles, notably transversus abdominis (TrA), is a known protocol for improving spinal stability. TrA is the deepest abdominal muscle, and monitoring its activity is a difficult task. Ultrasound and pressure biofeedback have been employed for monitoring the activity of TrA; however, these methods are expensive, not always available in all clinical settings, and their application requires formal training. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of a broadly known method, i.e., changes in the waist circumference, to monitor the activity of TrA. 

The study was carried out on 14 subjects following a pilot study of 5 participants. The thickness of TrA measured by ultrasound was considered the standard indicator for activity of TrA and was compared with simultaneous measurement of waist circumference. 

A significant criterion validity between the thickness of TrA and the waist circumference was established (Pearson correlation=-0.71, P=0.001), indicating an inverse relationship between changes in the thickness of the transversus abdominis muscle and waist circumference.

This result confirmed the hypothesis that changes in the waist circumference could be employed as a suitable indicator for the activity of TrA.ltaneous measurement of waist circumference. 

A significant criterion validity between the thickness of TrA and the waist circumference was established (Pearson correlation=-0.71, P=0.001), indicating an inverse relationship between changes in the thickness of the transversus abdominis muscle and waist circumference.

This result confirmed the hypothesis that changes in the waist circumference could be employed as a suitable indicator for the activity of TrA.

To identify and synthesize available published studies on the effect of local muscle vibration (LMV) on pain, stiffness, and function in individuals with knee OA. 

Five databases were searched to find relevant papers on April 29, 2020, including, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE (Ovid), Science Citation Index, and COCHRANE Central Register for Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized-controlled-trials (non-RCTs), such as interrupted time series and prospective cohort studies were included. Two independent reviewers screened articles and assessed inclusion through predefined criteria. Participants’ characteristics, study design, intervention characteristics, outcomes, and main results were collected independently by 2 reviewers. The risk of bias assessment of included studies was conducted using Cochrane risk of bias tools for RCTs and non-RCTs.

Six studies were included: 3 RCTs and 3 non-RCTs. The risk of bias in included studies was generally moderate to high. Improvement of pain, stiffness, and function following the application of LMV were reported in all studies.

This review revealed the promising effect of LMV on pain, stiffness, function, and knee range of motion (ROM) improvements for individuals with knee Osteoarthritis (OA) . However, further well-designed studies are required to have a convincing conclusion on the effect of LMV in individuals with knee OA.

Serial casting under general anesthesia, which is considered as a gold standard of treatment for patientswith infantile idiopathic scoliosis (IIS), can lead to significant negative neurodevelopmental effects. Therefore, theappropriateness of this type of treatment is controversial. Brace treatment is one alternative method of treatment for IISpatients. However, long-term studies have not yet verified its effectiveness. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluatethe effectiveness of brace treatment in patients with IIS until skeletal maturity or spinal fusion.

The medical records of all IIS patients with the referral age of 0-3 years who received brace treatment fromJune 1986 to November 2013 were reviewed. Those patients with pre-brace Cobb angle > 20° were included andfollowed up to skeletal maturity or the time of spinal fusion. The Cobb angle was recorded at the time of diagnosisbefore the initiation of bracing, weaning time, brace discontinuation, and final follow-up. In addition, the maximum inbracecurve correction was measured.

Out of 87 patients with IIS, a total of 29 cases (19 males and 10 females) with the average curve magnitudeof 35.62° at the time of diagnosis were included in the study. The average best in-brace correction was 57.32% forsuccessfully treated patients and 36.97% for progression/surgery patients. Based on the results, brace treatment failedfor a total of 20 patients (69%), with a scoliosis curvature progress ≥ 45°. Of these patients, 12 cases (60%) reachedspinal fusion. Finally, four patients (13%) in the surgery-treated group underwent surgery before the age of 10.

The results revealed that bracing was successful for more than two-thirds of patients with IIS curves,preventing surgery before the age of 10.Level of evidence: IV

Lateral wedge insole (LWI) aims to reduce loading on medial compartment of tibiofemoral joint in mild knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This effect may be augmented by concomitant use of subtalar strap to fix the ankle joint. Moreover, longitudinal arch support embedded in insoles can cause foot comfort and may be beneficial for people with KOA. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the immediate effect of LWI with an arch support with and without a subtalar strap on the kinetics and kinematics of walking in mild KOA.

A convenient sample of 17 individuals with mild KOA (Kellgren and Lawrence grade II), aged ≥ 40 years were assessed in 3 conditions: without the insole; LWI; and LWI with a subtalar strap, where an arch support was embedded in all insoles. The primary outcomes were external knee adduction moment and angular impulse. The secondary outcomes were hip flexion and adduction moments, knee flexion angle, ankle eversion moment, and walking speed. The repeated measurements ANOVA was used to compare the primary and secondary outcomes between the conditions using SPSS.  Significance level was set at 0.05.

LWI and a subtalar strap can significantly increase the knee flexion angle at 0%-15% of the stance phase compared to no insole (p<0.001). No other changes were observed (p=0.142).

LWI with an arch, with or without a subtalar strap, cannot impose any immediate changes on the kinetics and kinematics of lower limb joints during walking in people with mild KOA.