moslem taheri soodejani

The death and fear of the COVID-19 pandemic has been a major concern in all countries. Estimating the burden of the disease is one of the indicators that estimates the severity of the damage caused by the disease. This study was performed to estimate the burden of years of life lost due to COVID-19 infection and premature death in North Khorasan.

In this study, all cases of definitive infection (PCR test positive) with COVID-19 from the beginning of the epidemic to April 2021 were included in the study. Disability-Adjusted Life -Years index (DALYs) was used to estimate the burden of the disease.

Since the beginning of the epidemic, 63697 definite cases of the disease have been identified (prevalence equal to 7%) and the total number of years of life lost due to disability and premature death was estimated at 24769 years. This number represents 28.7 years per 100,000 populations, which in women and men, this number was equal to 26.6 and 30.8, respectively.

According to the results of the study, COVID-19 has caused significant loss of years of life, which due to age and concomitant diseases, deaths are more common in the elderly.

This study investigated the influence of age, gender and geographical region on the incidence of four types of injuries among pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and motor vehicle drivers in Iran. The geographical correlation between the different provinces of the country was also examined.

The present study aimed to investigate 4 common type of road traffic injuries by provinces in Iran.

The data was taken from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. The data were analyzed in terms of age group, gender and type of injury in different provinces, and the effect of geographical region on the incidence of RTIs were investigated through a multilevel analysis. Provinces were included in the model as random intercepts, and Moran's I test was used to examine geographic correlation and identify hot spots and cold spots. A significance level of 5% was used for all tests.

Elderly people were the main victims of pedestrian accidents, and young people were most frequently injured in cycling accidents. On the other hand, adults were the most frequently injured age group in motor vehicle accidents. Men were injured more often than women in all four types of injury. Although the injuries were not related to the province where the accident occurred, the geographical distribution of injuries caused by cyclists showed a geographical correlation, with Sistan and Baluchistan (southeast) and Tehran (the capital) being the areas with the highest and lowest risk of these types of injuries, respectively.

According to the results of this study, the causes of different types of road traffic injuries are very different for different age groups, genders and geographical areas. Therefore, different plans should be developed for each type of injury in order to prevent road traffic accidents.

This study aimed to predict the risk of mortality among COVID-19 patients in the central region of Iran by employing the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), with adjustments made for age in the predictive model.

In this cross-sectional study, encompassing all probable, suspicious, and confirmed COVID-19 cases from the onset of the pandemic (55307 individuals), 3415 cases resulting in death were designated as the study group, while the survivors constituted the control group.

The Charlson Comorbidity Index revealed that over 11 percent of all patients had at least one underlying medical condition. Logistic regression analysis indicated a significantly elevated likelihood of mortality among patients with comorbidities. Specifically, individuals with a CCI score of 6 or higher were more than twice as likely to succumb to the virus compared to those without underlying diseases. Those with a score of 6 or more exhibited the highest odds ratio (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.3-4.5).

The study findings underscore the heightened vulnerability of individuals to COVID-19 mortality, particularly among the elderly with pre-existing health conditions. The coexistence of age and comorbidities substantially increased the risk of death due to COVID-19 in this population. Consequently, targeted interventions and focused care strategies may be crucial for this high-risk demographic in pandemic management efforts.

The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of reactions caused by blood donations in Iran as well as exploring three potential scenarios of the worst, moderate, and the best situations for adverse reactions among Iranian blood donations by specifying the under-reporting rate.

There are two different designs; first, the ecological study  was coducted to estimate the blood donation adverse effects by using the data registered in the donor vigilance part of Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO). Second, the cross-sectional study was conducted  to estimate under-reporting in the data. For the cross-sectional study, 2408 donors were selected randomly in three cities.

In general, based on the estimations of this study, adverse reactions to blood donation in Iran is 2%(CI 95%, 1.4-2.6%). Local and systemic reactions estimated are 1.7%(CI 95%, 1.2-2.2) and 0.3%(0.1-0.5), respectively. Based on the national report, in general, adverse reactions to blood donation in Iran is 0.5(CI 95% 0.4-0.6). Local and systemic reactions estimated are 0.38%(CI 95% 0.28-0.48) and 0.03%(0.0.02-0.04), respectively.

Adverse reactions may vary from region to region in Iran, but in total, there is a lot of under-reporting in the incidence of adverse reactions to blood donation in Iran, most of which are related to local reactions.

Divorce is one of the most damaging social issues. Since the divorce rates are increasing rapidly, the current study evaluated the effects of factors leading to divorce.

In this qualitative study, by using two-stage sampling method (purposive and snowball) 4 couples on the verge of divorce visiting consulting center and 8 experts with experience in the field of family and divorce in Yazd city were selected. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. The contents of the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a content analysis method.

The experts who participated in this study included several marriage and divorce registrars, lawyers, and family counselors with over 10 years of experience in the field of family and divorce. The mean age of women on the verge of divorce was 33 ± 8.51 years and for men 37.2 ± 6.13 years. Fifty percent of the couples had a bachelor's degree and 62.5% of them were self-employed. Most of them had a marriage period of 5-10 years. A total of 23 codes were extracted from the interviews. The codes were organized into four main themes. Major topics included lack of preparation for marriage, psychological factors, unfavorable marital relationships, and social factors.

The interference of families, extramarital relationships, early marriage and the lack of communication skills and media literacy are the most influential factors of divorce.

The World Health Organization recommends that women be continuously supported by a favorite companion during labor. Currently, there is no strong evidence on specific support measures by midwifery in relation to improving the delivery process.

The present retrospective cost analysis study was conducted during 2021-2022. The reports of 243 deliveries were checked in the patients’ files in selected hospitals of Yazd city. Data analysis was done using SPSS26.

According to the study objectives, the desired delivery outcomes included type of delivery, postpartum complications, postpartum bleeding, and length of the active phase of labor, resuscitation of the newborn, hospitalization of the newborn, and Apgar score of the newborn in the first and fifth minutes. There was a statistically significant difference in delivery, postpartum complications, length of the active phase of labor and hospitalization of the newborn in the neonatal unit, resuscitation of the newborn, and the amount of nutrition of the exposed group compared to the non-exposed group. Among the desired performance indicators, patient length of stay and total cost per person between the exposure and non-exposure groups, the mean score of the cost per person had a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001).

Generally, the presence of a companion midwife next to the mother in the delivery room improves some of the outcomes of the mother and the baby. It is recommended to carry out studies in this field along with checking mothers' satisfaction with companion midwives.

In recent decades, family and their stability as an important social institution have changed significantly.

This study aimed to investigate the marriage trends, childbearing, and divorce changes in Yazd province from 2016-2021 to estimate the effect of socioeconomic factors on divorce.

Cross-sectional study was done in 2 phases. In first phase, an ecological (time trend) was conducted to investigate the 5 yr trend in the occurrence of marriage, childbearing, and divorce, as well as the factors affecting the occurrence of divorce in second phase. For second phase of study 600 participants were selected. 300 divorce and 300 married applicants were chosen between 2016 and 2021. Binary logistic regression model was used to find the related factors affecting the occurrence of divorce.

The results showed a declining marriage (p = 0.05) and childbearing trend (p = 0.84), as well as an increasing trend in divorces (p = 0.02) in Yazd. Logistic regression analysis showed that college education (OR = 0.22, CI: 0.116-0.430, p < 0.001) and being self-employed (OR = 0.48, CI: 0.255-0.934, p = 0.03) could reduce the odds of divorce. In addition, nonresidents (OR = 2.1, CI: 1.314-3.562, p < 0.001), with > 10-yr age differences (OR = 3.8, CI: 1.803-8.213, p < 0.001) or the woman being older than her husband (OR = 3.4, CI: 1.981-5.848, p < 0.001) could increase the odds of divorce.

Our results confirmed that a combination of socioeconomic characteristics affects the stability of family institutions.

Among several causes of infertility, urogenital infections seem to be influencing factors. The effect of bacterial or viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on human fertility is not well understood. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of STIs in cervical samples of infertile and fertile women and study the relationship between these agents and infertility.

In this case-control study, cytobrush was used for collecting of cervical sample from each infertile and fertile woman (n=95) who attended Research and Clinical Centers for Infertility in Kerman, Iran. PCR and real-time PCR methods were used to detect the presence of bacterial (genital Ureaplasma species, genital Mycoplasma species, Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), and Gardnerella vaginalis) and viral (herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus (HPV), and Epstein- Barr virus) agents, respectively. Fisher's exact test and the logistic regression with the significance level of ≤5% were used for statistical analyses.

In general, 78.94% and 14.73% of specimens were positive for one or more studied microorganisms, respectively. Among studied agents, only the infection with HPV was significantly different between infertile and fertile groups (p=0.005) which may enhance the likelihood of female infertility (OR=5.30, 95% CI:1.47-19.11, p< 0.05). After adjusting for age, irregular menstrual cycle, abnormal vaginal discharge, and ectopic pregnancy, the odds ratio of infertility in HPV-infected women increased (OR=7.02, 95% CI:1.52-32.3, p<0.05).

Since HPV infection is asymptomatic, periodic screening of women in reproductive age especially infertile couples is recommended for early diagnosis and prevention of infection progression and cross contamination.

TThe term “Smart hospital” is a highly comprehensive concept and it has not received the attention it deserves among researchers, as it is more than using a smart tool in a hospital. This study was designed to conduct a review of smart hospitals. In this systematic review, 808 studies were identified using keywords through searches on PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Scopus and IEEE databases. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria (705 based on abstracts and titles and 35 after reading full texts) and removing duplicates (43), 25 studies were included in this review. Geographically, of the majority of the articles were from Asia (60%). The highest number of publications was observed in 2012 and 2020. A multidisciplinary team was involved in 72% of the research, and 68% were conducted in more than one research center. Most articles have been published in Q1 quality journals (48%), and high-income countries accounted for the largest percentage (56). Notably, 32% of these studies focused on patient care. RFID technology was the most used technology, featured in 66.67% of the studies, which primarily centered on the implementation of smart hospitals. It should be noted that development or implementation of a smart device in a hospital should not be equated with the implementation of a smart hospital and it is far beyond that.

Virtual reality, as one of the newest technologies, has been used in various fields from video games to travel and research. This technology is also used as a therapeutic solution for some mental disorders. However, the attitude of patients with mental disorders towards the use of virtual reality is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, a questionnaire was designed to investigate the level of acceptance of virtual reality technology among patients with mental disorders.Materials & This study was designed and implemented based on a research by Megan Liu   et al. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated in the year 2021 2021. In this study, CVR and CVI coefficients were used to assess the content validity, and its external reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha. : The translated questionnairs consisted of 23 questions, 16 of which were specialized and categorized into 6 different dimensions. The content validity index was 0.8, which is an acceptable value for this questionnaire. In addition, Cronbach's alpha was estimated to be 0.7, and the correlation between the questions was shown to be permitted at a significant level of 0.0001. According to the results, the questionnaire had high validity and reliability to assess the acceptance of virtual reality technology among patients with mental disorders

Disability induced by severe diseases reduces life quality among elders, and leads to increased use of medications and increase in drug misuse. This study was done to determine the relation between the number of inappropriate medications used and life quality of elderly people living in Kerman during 2014.

This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 elderly people in Kerman, Iran. The participants were selected by simple random sampling. The elderly health assessment questionnaire and Beers Criteria were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 16) and running test, Fischer’s Exact test, and logistic regression. The model fitness was evaluated by the Hosmer and Lemeshow Test.

The risk of low life quality in elders using 3 to 4 inappropriate medications was 9.98 times more than elders using no unauthorized medication. The most frequent inappropriate medications were Aspirin and Alprazolam. A significant relation was observed between low life quality and number of inappropriate medications used by elders; that is, taking a higher number of inappropriate medications was associated with lower life quality.

Many elderly people use inappropriate medications, which can have a serious adverse impact on their quality of life

Deaths and injuries due to road traffic accidents are important public health problems in the world and the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). The current study aimed to review published articles and registry‑based reports on the burden of road traffic injuries and deaths in the EMR for all road users.

PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Index Medicos for Eastern Mediterranean Region databases were searched to identify all related articles published until January 9, 2023. The search strategy included a thorough search of the keywords as follows: (burden OR disability‑adjusted life years OR DALY OR incidence OR prevalence OR morbidity OR mortality OR death) AND (road traffic accident OR road traffic injury OR road traffic crash) AND (EMRO OR “Eastern Mediterranean Region” OR name of countries in EMRO). The population‑based or registry‑based data, and hospital‑based data with underlying causes of death (codes V01–V99) were included. The death of other transportation, literature reviews, viewpoints, and commentaries was excluded. The quality of papers was assessed using the STROBE checklist. Available data for all road users based on their type were extracted and analyzed. Finally, a random‑effects meta‑analysis was performed, and pooled rates of road traffic injuries and deaths were estimated. Moreover, meta‑regression was performed to identify the potential sources of heterogeneity.

The review of 69 studies showed that the pooled rate was 173.9/100,000 population (95% confidence interval [CI]: 165.1–182.9). The pooled fatal and crash injury rates were 31.4 deaths (95% CI: 30.3–32.7) and 218.6 injuries (95% CI: 212.5–224.6) per 100,000 population. The highest road traffic crash rates belonged to motorized four‑wheeler users at 73.8/100,000 population (95% CI: 70.7–77.0), followed by motorized two–three wheelers/cyclists at 30.2/100,000 population (95% CI: 4.1–64.5).

The burden of road traffic injury and death was high in EMR. Therefore, the modification of the traffic crash data logging system and active monitoring of the consequences of traffic crashes in this region are required.

The term “Smart hospital” is a very comprehensive concept and it is not considered as it should be among researchers because it is more than using a smart tool in a hospital. This study was designed to conduct a scoping review about smart hospitals. 808 studies were identified using keywords through searching in the PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Scopus and IEEE databases. Overall, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria (705 based on abstract and titles and 35after reading full texts) and removing duplicates (43), 25studies were included in this review. Geographically, most of the articles were from Asia (60%). The highest number of publications were observed in 2012 and 2020. A multidisciplinary team were involved in 72% of the research and 68% were conducted in more than one research center. Most articles have been published in Q1 quality journals (48%) and high-income countries accounted for the largest percentage (56) and 32% of them were aimed at patient care. RFID was the mostly used and 66.67% of them was about the implementation of a smart hospital. It should be noted that development or implementation of a smart device in a hospital should not be considered as implementing a smart hospital.

The World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 declared the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 disease (COVID-19) a pandemic situation. The main aim of this study was investigating mortality of COVID 19 by considering chronic diseases.

this study was conducted as a cross-sectional in which all confirmed cases were examined. The variables considered in this study were age, sex, diabetes mellitus, cancers, hypertension, heart diseases, kidney diseases, and liver diseases. Independent sample t test, Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to data analysis. All statistical analysis was done in SPSS 16 and significant level was set at 0.05.

Out of 22849 PCR and CT scan tests, 16061 ones were positive. According to the confirmed cases, prevalence of COVID-19 was calculated about 0.019. Also hospital case fatality rate and mortality rate were calculated 156 and about 8.2 per 100000 respectively. Hypertension, and age had significant relationship with morbidity of COVID-19, in other hand, age (OR: 4.51, p<0.001), kidney diseases (OR: 1.84, p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.31, p<0.001), cancer (OR: 2.73, p<0.001), liver diseases (OR: 2.27, p<0.001) had impact on mortality of covid-19. Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) showed that diabetes mellitus, cancers, kidney diseases, and liver diseases had 4.2, 2.4, 1.3, and 0.2 percent, respectively.

age and some underlying diseases increase odds of death due to COVID-19. It seems that preventing high-risk people from being infected is an effective solution to reduce COVID-19 death rate. To do this, health protocols need to be implemented more seriously for these sensitive groups.

The role of genital Ureaplasma speices, genital Mycoplasma (M) speices, and Chlamydia (C.) trachomatis, the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacteria, in male infertility are still not clear. Different reports about the impact of these bacteria on semen quality are controversial.

This study was proposed to determine the frequency of bacteriospermia in men and investigate the relationship between the presence of these bacteria and semen quality using molecular assay.

In this cross-sectional study, 200 semen samples obtained from men attending the research and clinical centers for fertility in Kerman, Iran, between July and December 2019 were analyzed for semen volume, progressive motility, non-progressive motility, total progressive motility, and viability according to the World Health Organization guidelines. The polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of related bacteria.

The mean values of volume, progressive motility, non-progressive motility, total progressive motility, and viability were significantly lower in infertile men (p < 0.001). Statistically significant correlations were observed between the presence of M. genitalium and progressive sperm motility, M. hominis and semen volume, Ureaplasma parvum and the sperm normal form, and C. trachomatis and the sperm progressive motility and viability. Logistic regression analysis showed that M. genitalium (OR = 8.06, p < 0.001) and C. trachomatis (OR = 16, p = 0.01) were significantly associated with male infertility.

During the infertility assessment, clinicians should consider of role C. trachomatis and M. genitalium in male infertility. Screening test particularly for asymptomatic individuals is recommended.

Breast cancer is a malignant lesion caused by abnormal changes and growth in breast tissue epithelial cells, including glands, lobules, and larynx. Therefore, the current study's objective was to estimate the incidence of breast and cervical intraepithelial lesions in Iran. This study is based on results from a screening program implemented in the province of Isfahan, Iran.

Two stages of cancer screening were performed in the study on over 250000 women in 2018.

As a result of this study, it was determined that in 2018, there was an incidence of 422 benign breast tumors per 100 000 women (95% CI: 393-450). Also, the incidence of breast cancer was 65 (95% CI: 54-76) per 100 000 women, and that of Cervical intraepithelial lesions was 45 (95% CI: 27-63) per 100 000 women in 2018.

This study revealed that breast cancer and cervical intraepithelial lesions are increasing in Isfahan province. Moreover, it was found that screening for these 2 cancers leads to early detection of patients, which results in early treatment and an increase in the 5-year survival rate in these patients.

Cancer is considered as one of the leading causes of mortality in the world and breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancers among women in the world. The number of cancerous cases in the world is gradually increasing. The present study aimed to describe the characteristics of women with breast cancer referred to cancer diagnosis centers in Tehran, and predict the frequency of patients by 2022 with respect to the frequency of data during 1997-2016. In this cross-sectional study, the population included 3753 patients, who were admitted to five independent cancer centers in Tehran, Iran during 1997-2016. All of the collected data were extracted to describe the characteristics of patients, as well as forecasting the frequency of this cancer by 2022 in Tehran. The data were analyzed by STATA 12 and MINITAB version 17 software. The results indicated that the highest occurrence occur between the 40s and 50s of women's life. In addition, these patients were overweight, used oral contraceptive pills (OCP), and experienced life-threatening events. Further, the prediction models demonstrated an upward trend in the prevalence of the disease by 2022. It seems that there is an increasing trend in the number of breast cancer in patients referred to cancer diagnosis centers in Tehran by considering the changes in women's lifestyle, increasing awareness about screening this cancer, as well as developing diagnostic techniques.

In Iran, the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 disease were detected with the death of 2 people in Qom city. Then other cases were reported in Markazi, Tehran, and Gilan provinces, and after that the disease spread to all 31 provinces of the country.

All data used in this study were collected from the reports of the National Committee on COVID-19 Epidemiology in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran. To investigate the effect of traveling between neighboring provinces, a spatial rate smoothing method was used, showing the impact of neighborhood on the disease prevalence. Also, to investigate the relationship between population density and disease prevalence, spatial regression was used at a significance level of 5%.

Based on the estimated spatial rates, the disease prevalence rates changed in many provinces compared to the raw prevalence rates. Population density was also found to be directly related to the disease prevalence, so that with increasing population density, the disease prevalence rate increased (p <.001).

It seems that case finding process should be done actively in all provinces of Iran regardless of administrative borders. Provinces should also be classified in terms of the disease transmission risk according to population density of patients, which may indicate the probability of contact between individuals.

Mass screening for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in Iran on March 23, 2020, with the purpose of improving early detection of patients for their own health and to prevent onward transmission to others. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the change towards mass screening on new cases reported, cases recovered, and deaths due to COVID-19.

This study analyzed the daily reports on the number of new cases confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, cases recovered, and deaths due to COVID-19 provided to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. Changes in trends on these outcomes were evaluated using interrupted time series analysis.

From February 19 to May 6, 2020, a total of 519544 COVID-19 tests were done and 101650 diagnoses were made (case/ test ratio 19.6%). For the same period, 6418 deaths due to COVID-19 were reported (case fatality ratio 6.3%). The number of cases detected increased significantly over the period of scale-up of mass screening (P=0.003), as did the number of recovered cases (P=0.001). The number of deaths due to COVID-19 did not change before versus after mass screening.

Following the scale-up of mass screening for COVID-19 in Iran, the rate of new cases detected and reported recovered accelerated significantly. Mass screening is likely to have detected many mild and asymptomatic cases that were infectious. Our data support the role that mass screening, coupled with isolation and contract tracing, can have in slowing the COVID-19 epidemic

Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disrupters and metabolism, and is one of the most important preventable causes of physical and mental disabilities.

Overall, 111 cases were diagnosed with hypothyroidism, which made the prevalence value equal to 2 cases per 1000 births. The prevalence in females and males was 1.9 and 2.2 per 1,000 birth, respectively. The odds ratio for this disorder was 4.47(2.42-9.28) for the neonates with a family history of hypothyroidism and 1.72(1.05-2.82) for those born through cesarean.

The incidence of this disorder is similar in males and females, and the incidence of this disease in people with a family history is far more than others.

Road traffic accident is one of the most important causes of disability and death in the young population. A significant number of people injured in road traffic accidents die after they arrive at the hospital.
This study aimed to assess the trend of mortality in road traffic accidents and forecast it for the coming years using time series modeling.
This study investigated the trend of road traffic accidents and their victims in Najafabad, Iran, between 2011 and 2017. The ARIMA time series model was fitted on the obtained data and the best model was selected based on the least mean square error. Moreover, the model’s goodness of fit was investigated by residuals ACF and PACF plots as well as Ljung-Box chi-square statistics.
The trend analysis and ARIMA models were investigated, and the results showed a descending trend of fatalities due to traffic accident during 2011-2017. Afterwards, some models were fitted and ARIMA was selected (0, 1, 1), because it had the lowest mean square error value. By fitting the best model, the trend of traffic accident mortality was forecasted for five years (2018 to 2022). Finally, the forecasted values showed that future traffic accident mortalities had a decreasing trend.
The trend of mortality due to road traffic injuries declined, indicating a decreasing trend in deaths for the upcoming years. Therefore, the interventions that have been applied in recent years may be considered as useful.

Injuries are one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. According to the World Health Organization, injuries from traffic accidents cause 5 million deaths and hurt millions of people across the world every year. In this study, we attempted to examine various injuries in different groups in Shahrekord city.
This is a retrospective descriptive study where data of accidents and injuries related to Shahrekord city during March 21, 2013, and March 20, 2015 (2 years in the Iranian calendar) were used. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) using Fisher’s exact test at the significant level was considered 0.0.5.
The age-standardized incidence for all accidents and injuries showed that the highest incidence, after traffic accidents (468 cases per 100,000 people), are related to falls (51 cases per 100,000 people) and violence (48 cases per 100,000 people).
Accidents and injuries occur more among younger age groups and this increases the burden of disease as well as the economic and psychological damages to society.