mostafa abedi

Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of large industrial equipment has become very important role nowadays. Powerful artificial intelligent methods can be appropriately used on big data without any further statistical assumption. In this research, two compromising methods including deep neural network and convolutional neural network have been used to classify faults of a laboratory gearbox. Both networks have been used to classify nine faulty classes and one healthy class of the gearbox using vibration signal. The data have been collected at six different load and speed combinations. The measured time domain vibration signal was used as neural network input. The classification accuracy of both methods have been obtained. The effect of challenging parameters such as window size, learning rate and number of extracted features on the classification accuracy have been studied. Finally after the comparison of the results, it was concluded that the accuracy of the convolutional neural network was superior.

The concept of freedom in Kant's view is a general concept that comprises three critiques and many of his treatises and writings. He introduced freedom as the foundation of morality and considers it the fundamental characteristic of the subject. In his view, freedom exists with two negative and positive meanings. From among these two meanings, Kant has chosen the second meaning and made it the basis of his thought. This type of freedom cannot be realized in an individual way and man finds the opportunity for appearance in light of socialization. Also, Kant has referred the realization of freedom to history and considers it a historical destiny. The present article has been written with the aim of describing the concept of freedom in Kant's thought and pointing out some of its shortcomings with an analytical-critical method. By analyzing the concept of freedom in Kant's thought, the authors have come to the conclusion that there are some important issues in the analysis of the concept of freedom that Kant did not pay attention to in his analysis of the concept of freedom; including various meanings of freedom, historical, cultural and linguistic aspects of rationality, and the commitment of the concept of freedom to satisfaction and happiness.

Motivated by definitions of countable completely regular spaces and completely below relations of frames, we define what we call a $c$-completely below relation, denoted by $\prec\!\!\prec_c$, in between two elements of a frame. We show that $a\prec\!\!\prec_c b$ for two elements $a, b$ of a frame $L$ if and only if there is $\alpha\in\mathcal{R}L$ such that $\coz\alpha\wedge a=0$ and $\coz(\alpha-{\bf1})\leq b$ where the set $\{r\in\mathbb{R} : \coz(\alpha-{\bf r})\ne 1\}$ is countable. We say a frame $L$ is a $c$-completely regular frame if $a=\bigvee \limits_{x\prec\!\!\prec_ca}x$ for any $a\in L$. It is shown that a frame $L$ is a $c$-completely regular frame if and only if it is a zero-dimensional frame. An ideal $I$ of a frame $L$ is said to be $c$-completely regular if $a\in I$ implies $a\prec\!\!\prec_c b$ for some $b\in I$. The set of all $c$-completely regular ideals of a frame $L$, denoted by ${\mathrm{c-CRegId}}(L)$, is a compact regular frame and it is a compactification for $L$ whenever $it$ is a $c$-completely regular frame. We denote this compactification by $\beta_cL$ and it is isomorphic to the frame $\beta_0L$, that is, Stone-Banaschewski compactification of $L$. Finally, we show that open and closed quotients of a $c$-completely regular frame are $c$-completely regular.

In this article, the author believes that in Sadra's philosophy, the authority of the external world loses its epistemological dignity on accidental stage and merely plays the role of a trigger for the intelligent to compose the intellectual that is of his own origin - that is, intellectual by itself- from the external object, and through it, be aware of the world. The field of knowledge is placed in the possession of the rational by itself, which is the reality of knowledge, and the external world is known by using the determinations that the intelligent in the receptacle of the mind, and the compatibility of the object and the mind, and the incarnation of the form and its role on the soul are questioned. The author try to provide an idealistic interpretation of Mulla Sadra's thought by taking help from Kantian epistemology - in which the mind plays a central role in the development of knowledge. If, in Sadra's thought, the intelligent is epistemically prior to the external world and the external world is known only through the determination of the intellect, then state of direct correspondence between the object and the mind and the reference of the external object to the soul will be ruled out. Mulla Sadra's approach to the world overturns the traditional epistemological vector of the Islamic world; because the vector moves from the intellectual to reality with Sadra, not the other way around. Originality is for the intelligent, and object only borrows its epistemological dignity from it.

By discovering effective reality and then establishing a relationship between effective reality and concepts such as human relations, the nation, and the salvation of the homeland, Machiavelli succeeds in devising a new interpretation of morality, virtue, and its relation to the reality of life. By placing human relations and the public interest in the exploration of moral law, he paved the way for Hegel’s conception of concrete morality and ethnic religion. It is according to Machiavelli’s idea that Hegel came up with the basic idea of ​​the phenomenology of the soul, which is to establish the dialectical relationship between heaven and earth. Accordingly, the contradiction between morality and human nature and desire is eliminated, and by cultivating morality from the roots of desire, human desire and nature introduce morality in general in the name of an understandable ethnic and customary spirit. Also, given the possibility that Machiavelli’s effective reality gives him, Hegel succeeds in establishing a relation between idealism and realism and explains the extraction of idealism from within realism. In this regard, the authors try to establish a relation between the logic of Prince Machiavelli and the evolution of the phenomenological logic of the soul by presenting a new interpretation of the modern Prince Machiavelli and showing the great philosophical possibilities that this work offers to philosophers after him, especially Hegel.

Fault detection and classification of brushless DC motors (BLDCM) is considered in this paper. A novel solution is introduced to diagnose multiple electromechanical faults that includes the stator inter-turn, the rotor dynamic imbalance, the rotor static imbalance, and different combinations of them. The current signal of the BLDCM is used together with the motor torque and the motor speed to achieve the classification of a wide range of defects. The fault features of the measured signals are extracted using packet wavelet transform (PWT). These features which include the energy, in the two modes of BLDCM operation: without load and with load, are used as input data for the radial basis function (RBF) neural network. Therefore, the designed algorithm maintains its efficiency in all operating conditions of the BLDCM. Besides, by the combination of the mentioned algorithms, the relationship between the fault types and different affected parameters of the measured signals are obtained more precisely. The neural network weights are updated by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the genetic algorithm (GA) that improve the convergence speed and provide better flexibility for local problems. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is validated by comparing the results obtained for different combinations of the neural networks and optimization methods.

As usual, the ring of continuous real-valued functions on a frame $L$ is denoted by $mathcal{R}L$. We determine the relation among strongly $z$-ideals, strongly divisible ideals and uniformly closed ideals in the ring $mathcal{R}L$. We characterize Lindel"of frames based on strongly fixed ideals in $mathcal{R}L$. We observe that a weakly spatial frame $L$ is Lindel"of if and if every strongly divisible ideal in $mathcal{R}L$ is strongly fixed; if and only if every closed ideal in $mathcal{R}L$ is strongly fixed.

Human lifestyle is effective on their physical and mental health. Health care education can play an important role in improving peoplechr('39')s behavior and lifestyle. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using the health belief model in health care education based on Iranian medicine to the insured of the Iran Health Insurance Organization.

This quasi-experimental single-group study was performed in Tehran during 2017. Participants in this study were trained in face-to-face and virtual health preservation education according to Iranian Medicine resources based on health belief model. In this study, path analysis method, SPSS and AMOS softwares were used to analyze the data.

The study was performed on 51 people (23 men and 28 women). The results of this study showed an explanation of R2=59% behaviors based on model constructs. Also, the results showed that with increasing the time of the study, the behavior of observing the principles of health care in accordance with Iranian medicine increases and the training has an increasing effect on self-efficacy, benefits, sensitivity and perceived severity and has a decreasing effect on perceived barriers. The results of path analysis (RMSEA = 0.031) also showed that the constructs of perceived sensitivity (0.16), perceived benefits (0.29), perceived intensity (0.15), self-efficacy (0.59) and time (0.47) increased behavior and barrier constructs. Perceived (-0.30) decrease behavior (P<0.001).

According to the results of this study, hygiene training can increase the stability of behavior (i.e. observance of hygiene principles) by emphasizing the benefits, barriers, perceived sensitivity and severity and self-efficacy of individuals.

In this research, we are trying to explain how Niccolò Machiavelli Basically criticizes the foundations of classical political thought, and in breaking off those foundations, paves the way for a new vision of politics as well as the establishment of political science. In this essay, Aristotle's political philosophy is presented as the representative of the logic of classical political thinking and we interpret this thought on the basis of the three strategic terms of nature, luck and virtue, as well as the complex relationship between them and their relation to politics in Aristotle's perspective and we will show that politics follows the naturalist-ethical view of Aristotle. We also discuss simultaneously how Machiavelli works with three terms that set against the terms of Aristotle (Which include power, virtue , and the homeland) invalidate the foundations of Aristotle's political thought and, consequently, classical political thought. And opens the way for the creation of a new political thought that forms outside the field of gravity of nature power, of fortune power. Where man is only relying on his will and virtue and without the need for a force of nature and fortune, It changes the logic of political relations to its own advantage.

 The sedentary lifestyle violates health status and has negative impacts on the quality of life with subsequently numerous diseases.

 The current study aimed at evaluating the quality of life outcomes of Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) health protection measures instruction (traditionally named Hefzalsehe meaning that the essential lifestyle recommendations to maintain health and well-being based on ITM).

 The current randomized, controlled trial aimed at examining the quality of life outcomes of ITM health protection measures instruction (Hefzalsehe) in individuals in Tehran, Iran in 2017. At the same interval, the experimental group was trained virtually and traditionally for the ITM health protection measures; whereas the control group was not. Subsequently, the Persian version of the short-form 12 quality of life questionnaire (SF-12) standardized in former studies was applied to measure the effect of Hefzalsehe instruction on the quality of life of 101 subjects randomly assigned to two demographically-matched groups.

 Significant improvement was observed in physical functioning (19.12 vs. -20.5; P < 0.001), role constraints due to physical problems (42.16 vs. -34; P < 0.001), bodily pain (16.67 vs. -11; P < 0.001), general health (14.71 vs. -12.5; P < 0.001), vitality (12.55 vs. -2; P < 0.001), social functioning (18.14 vs. -12; P < 0.001), role constraints due to emotional problems (35.29 vs. -16; P < 0.001), and mental health (14.51 vs. -4.2; P < 0.001) in the experimental group compared with the control group.

 The current study indicated positive effects of education and Hefzalsehe instruction on the quality of life parameters.
 
Keywords

Let L be a frame. We denoted the set of all regular ideals of cozL by rId(cozL) . The aim of this paper is to study these ideals. For a frame L , we show that rId(cozL) is a compact completely regular frame and the map jc : rId(cozL)→L given by jc (I)=⋁I is a compactification of L which is isomorphism to its Stone–Čech compactification and is proved that jc have a right adjoint rc : L → rId(cozL) , given by rc(a)={x∈cozL : x≺≺a}. Moreover we identify prime and compact elements of rId(cozL) and we investigate the relation between regular ideals of cozL and P-frames. In addition it is shown that a frame L is a P-frame if and only if any ideal of cozL is regular../files/site1/files/51/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C.pdf

 Lifestyle changes have reduced the physical and mental health of humans and increased burden and cost of treatment and subsequently created a problem for governments to provide treatment for their citizens. Therefore, we conducted this experimental study for examining the effect of hygiene education on the treatment costs for health insured patients with high cost (50 to 70 percentile).  This empirical study was conducted on two groups with the aim of examining hygiene education on health care insurance costs in Tehran, Iran in 2017. In this study, the intervention group received face-to-face and virtual hygiene education according to traditional Iranian medicine based on the health belief model. The control group did not receive any special training during the study period.  This study was conducted on 101 health insurers, including 50 men and 51 women in intervention and control groups. The two groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics. The results showed significantly lower laboratory (-26.72%, -2.38%, P <0.001), drug (-23.64%, 3.88%, P <0.001), radiology (-27.92%, -5.02%, P < 0.001), visit (-30.52%, -16.16%, P <0.001) and total costs (-36.52%, -1.16%, P <0.001) for intervention group as compared with control group.  Results of the current study show that health education could be recommended as a proper way to control the cost of treatment.

Magnetometer is one of the most important sensors used in the satellite attitude determination and control system. Due to occurrence of various errors when the satellite is separated from the launcher and also during its rotation in the orbit, it is necessary to re-adjust onboard the sensor parameters. For this purpose, some solutions are proposed in this paper in which the satellite current attitude is not required. In this regard, first a magnetometer model is presented that despite conventional models; it includes nonlinearity, hysteresis and data quantization effects, permeability and installation error. Then, for sensor onboard calibration purposes, two stages-offline and two-stage online series structures are suggested. In the offline case, the centered solution and Levenberg Marquardt methods have been integrated. Also, the extended and unscented Kalman filters are integrated for online case. Utilizing the suggested algorithms, different errors including bias, scale factor and installation errors are simultaneously determined and also the accuracy is improved compared to the similar works. The simulation results for a Leo satellite show that the sensor parameters are derived with acceptable accuracy. Accordingly, it will be illustrated that the centered solution method has lower computational load and shorter time convergence, but it has lower accuracy with respect to online methodology.

According to the place of light in the philosophy of illumination, this question arises that: Why Suhrawardi has used light instead of the divine being on one hand, and the longitude and latitude as homeland on the other hand?This article tries to prove the illuminate cosmopolitanism from Suhrawardi’s viewpoint. Suhrawardi’s cosmopolitan is investigated via the ontology of light and as a result, the meaning of homeland is explored from philosophy of illumination perspective. Since he has chosen light instead of being in ontological issues on one hand, and used the words associated with homeland including west and east on the other hand; his ontology is related to homeland and as a consequence, to cosmopolitanism. Accordingly, in his opinion, not only homeland is identical to existence but also it as the existence and the realm of homeland is expanded to all over the existence. In Suhrawardi’s cosmopolitan, since the humans belong to an ultimate reality, there is no difference among them and they are dignified in the same level. Hence, accidental differences including color, language, homeland and etc. do not offer specific right to a specific group and no group is superior to other.

A robust attitude tracking control algorithm is suggested in this paper in the presence of environmental disturbances and fault occurrence in the actuators. For this, it is assumed that the moments of inertia and the upper bounds of disturbances are unknown. Also, there is no data about the fault type. The presented solution is a novel idea in which the unknown parameters and the constant or slow changing disturbances (including the environmental effects and the actuators faults) are obtained using the adaptive updating law. The variable part of disturbances is compensated by the sliding mode control. The suggested control algorithm is continuous and has no unwinding and singularity problems. Also, the unstable equilibrium point and the ambiguity problem in the display of attitude determination outputs (the quaternions) have been solved. To develop this methodology, a three stages scenario is presented to calculate the satellite moment of inertia, the disturbances and the fault detection thresholds. This algorithm can also determine the faulty actuator. Using this feature, the fault extent in the wheels are determined and based on, the suitable correction actions are selected. In this paper, the stability of all designed algorithms is proved. At the end, different simulations are conducted to validate the algorithms. The results of these simulations verify the expected performance.

Hypochondriasis is a persistent preoccupation that despite appropriate medical evaluations and assurance of patient’s physical health, the patient insists on having a serious disease. The case which is discussed in this article is a 39-years-old woman that hospitalized for half of her life and no one can perceive her disorder according to her assertions. The mentioned case is a ”difficult patient”with fear of oxygen shortage and being choked (Pnigophobia) which leads to continuous tendency to wear oxygen device even during sleep. There is no benefit in exaggerating her condition for herself so there is no fictitious disorder considered. During the therapy she has been assured that she does not have a serious disease and she has learnt to decrease oxygen intake and breath with his mouth. The point that makes this study different from the others is that most of hypochondriacal patients have a fear of getting HIV, cancers, hepatitis and MS but our patient has phobia of pulmonary embolism.

This paper presents a practical solution to achieve a fault tolerant attitude control system capable of Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD). The novelty of our proposed strategy is in the accurate modeling of satellite dynamics by the Takagi-Sugeno method. Based on this model, an adaptive observer has been utilized to achieve fault diagnosis in reaction wheels of the Attitude Control System (ACS). For this, occurred faults in reaction wheels have been estimated using an adaptive algorithm which provides fault detection and identification abilities. Moreover in this paper, a recovery algorithm has been utilized combined with fault detection and identification algorithm to provide an advanced decision support system. In this regard, for undertaking the remedial actions, a backstepping feedback linearization control law has been considered, in which the estimated fault has been utilized. Accordingly, the boundedness of the attitude control error is guaranteed, despite actuators fault. The developed algorithms provide a significant degree of autonomy to effectively handle satellite operation in the presence of ACS faults without the ground segment intervention. Through extensive simulation results, the designed algorithms are shown to be robust and accurate. Also, designed algorithms are assessed through hardware in the loop test bed to evaluate their functions in a experimental situation.

Fusarium graminearum is one of the most important causes of FHB or wheat scab in different part of the world. This fungus is able to produce widespread Trichothecene mycotoxins such as Nivalenol (NIV) and Deoxynivalenol (DON) which are harmful for both human and animals. To determine chemotypes of Trichothecene, a total of 100 isolates from different fields of Golestan province in Iran including Gorgan, Kordkuy, Bandaregaz, Gonbad, Minodasht, Kalaleh and Azadshahr were identified as F. graminearum using morphological features then 96 isolates were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using F. graminearum species-specific primers (Fg16F/Fg16R). Based on sequences of Tri13 gene involved in the mycotoxin biosynthetic pathway, PCR assays was used to detect Nivalenol (NIV) and Deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotypes. Of the 96 tested isolates with Tri13 PCR assays, 70 classified as NIV chemotype and the remaining 26 isolates as DON producers. These results indicated that NIV chemotype was the most dominant chemotype in studied zones. A greater proportion of NIV chemotype was found in Gorgan fields (P < 0.05, P < 0.0001), whereas greater proportion of DON was detected in Gorgan and Gonbad fields (P < 0.05, P < 0.0001). Chemotyping by PCR assay were confirmed using HPLC method. These results demonstrated that PCR assay and HPLC could be used as rapid, reliable and cost-effective methods for the detection and identification of mycotoxin-producing Fusarium-species and may thus help to develop strategies to avoid or reduce mycotoxin contamination of cereals.

Anterior and posterior vaginal repair are common surgeries for women with prolapse of pelvic organs. Tissue damage during these surgeries causes postoperative pain. Since pain management after surgery is of high importance, we evaluated the preventive effects of pudendal nerve block on postoperative pain in anterior and posterior vaginal wall repair. In a double-blind clinical trial study, 58 female candidates of anterior and posterior vaginal repair were randomly assigned to two groups. Using a nerve stimulator, pudendal nerve tracks of the intervention group were injected with 0.3 cc/kg bupivacaine 0.25%. Similar injections with normal saline were performed for the control group. A visual analogue scale was used to measure pain during the first 48 hours after the surgery. Data was analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Compared to the intervention group, the control group experienced greater pain during rest and walking. There were significant differences between the two groups from the first postoperative hour (P = 0.003) until 48 hours after the operation (P = 0.021). However, the mean ± SD values of pain in sitting position was not significantly different the two groups (P = 0.340). Pudendal nerve block can reduce postoperative pain scores in anterior and posterior vaginal wall repair.