mostafa amini-rarani

Bullying has become a growing concern among teenagers, particularly in the context of cyberbullying, where electronic devices are used to harass others. Understanding the distinct roles of cyberbullies and victims of cyberbullying concerning various dimensions of psychological well-being is crucial. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the relationship between cyberbullying and the psychological well-being of secondary high school students in Isfahan City.

This study employed a cross-sectional design, with the research population consisting of high school students in Isfahan in 2021-2022. A stratified sampling method was used to select 1051 students, and data were collected through a checklist and three questionnaires, namely cyberbullying by Antoniado et. al. and an 18-item psychological well-being scale by Ryff.

There was an inverse and significant relationship between cyberbullying and psychological well-being and its dimensions (except independence and positive relationship with others). There was an inverse and significant relationship between cyber victimization and psychological well-being and its dimensions (except purposefulness).

The study highlights that high school students involved in cyberbullying and cyber victimization are susceptible to adverse consequences, leading to a decline in their psychological well-being.  Parents, teachers, and officials of the education organization must be well aware of how teenagers participate in bullying, as well as the consequences and variables affecting it.

Recognizing the lack of questionnaires particularly measuring women's desire for cosmetic surgery in Iran, this study aimed to develop and validate a new instrument for that purpose. The investigation examined the questionnaire's validity, reliability, and underlying structure.

This study adopted a cross-sectional design and a multi-stage cluster sampling method to recruit 763 women from private cosmetic clinics in Isfahan, Iran. They completed a novel questionnaire designed to measure their intention towards cosmetic surgery. The questionnaire's validity and reliability were assessed using face, content, construct validity analyses, Cronbach's alpha, retest, and intra-cluster correlation coefficient.

Evaluations of face validity (Impact score = 3.08), content validity (CVR = 0.75 and CVI = 0.85), and construct validity supported the validity of the questionnaire. In addition, the high intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.95) confirmed its good reliability. Factor analysis further delineated the underlying structure, identifying three principal factors explaining 45.818% of the variance in cosmetic surgery intention.

This newly developed questionnaire offers a reliable and valid tool for measuring cosmetic surgery intention in Iranian women.

Compliance with ethical principles in research by researchers plays a fundamental role in providing evidence-based and practical findings, subsequently solving society's problems and advancing knowledge. Despite numerous educational workshops and awareness-raising efforts, some unethical research practices are still observed. Identifying relevant factors is essential for practical and preventive planning. In this regard, the present study aimed to identify psychosocial determinants related to the ethical performance of researchers in conducting and publishing research works. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach based on conventional content analysis. A total of 29 faculty members and researchers from the medical sciences universities in Iran in various fields and specialties were selected purposively and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. Qualitative content analysis was used to categorize data and Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were employed to evaluate data. Data analysis led to the identification of 136 codes, 20 subcategories, and 4 main categories. The factors related to the ethical performance of researchers in conducting and publishing research works derived from interviews with researchers included "Laws", "Social Learning", "Knowledge and Literacy", and "Psychological Characteristics". According to the findings of this study, the ethical performance of researchers in the field of research is the result of the interaction of social, individual, personality, and legislative factors. Some factors, like personality traits, are long-lasting, resistant, and personal, while social factors are widespread, common, and more general. Research policymakers and managers can improve the ethical performance of researchers and place ethics at the center of attention in research by implementing educational methods, culture building, and behavior change

The Bring Your Device (BYOD) approach has promoted the use of personal mobile devices to achieve organizational and occupational goals, but the use of this approach can bring various challenges and risks for health organizations. This research was conducted to identify the components of hospitals' readiness to use BYOD which can be used to develop appropriate policies and ultimately control related challenges.

In this qualitative study, participants were selected using purposeful sampling with a snowball approach till reaching saturation point. For data gathering, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 experts in the BYOD field. Qualitative data were analyzed with the thematic analysis method and using MAXQDA Plus version 12 (Release 12.3.0, VERBI GmbH Berlin).

6 main themes and 23 sub-themes were identified. The main themes include management principles, human resources, cost, technical infrastructure, legal considerations, and ethical considerations that play critical roles in hospitals' readiness for BYOD.

Focusing on the issues identified in the form of formulating and implementing official programs as well as appropriate policies by the managers and stakeholders of the organizations can properly benefit from the advantages of BYOD and reduce the related challenges as much as possible.

Resistive economy as a new concept/doctorine has entered to the Iranian economics literature several years ago. However, in order to be applied efficiently, a common perception among experts is necessary regarding its definition, instances and requirements. Thus, this study was conducted with the aim of general explanation of resistive economy concepts, its instances and requirements as well as identification of its requirements in health sector based on the experts’ opinions. In this qualitative study, 8 in-depth and face-to-face interviews were conducted with some economist as well as some health economists who were selected through purposive sampling methods. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using the conventional content analysis method. MAXQDA Analytics Pro2020 (VERBI GmbH Berlin) Release 20.4.0 was used for coding and data management. Two concepts of “economic resilience” and “comprehensive concept of resistive economy” were identified. Then, the instances and requirements related to these two concepts were determined. An anti-shock economy, an oil-free economy, economic productivity and change were identified as instances of “economic resilience” and justice-oriented, knowledge-based, endogenous, extraversion, democratized, jihadi culture, Islamization of the economy, and resistive economy as a political economy were identified as the instances of “comprehensive concept of resistive economy”. The instances and requirements of resistive economy in health sector were also elaborated. There are numerous interpretations of resistive economy. Based on expert opinions, resiliency is a very important specification of that economy, but other specifications should also exist to address the comprehensiveness of the concept. In order to implement and operationalize the resistive economy in various sectors including the health sector, the first step is to reach a common understanding of resistive economy amongst the experts.

The public health system is currently facing a shortage of resources, and the demand for healthcare has increased, indicating the need to use the capacities of other sectors through public-private partnership (PPP) strategies to improve the quantity and quality of health services.

The purpose is to identify PPPs’ role in providing primary healthcare worldwide.

This study was conducted in 2020. The Arksey O’Malley framework was used, along with a systematic literature search on five databases, including Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, Pubmed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. Data were gathered from 2000 to 2020.

The findings presented in this study are reported based on 16 selected studies. The findings point to the positive impacts of cooperation between the public and private sectors in health care systems on matters of provision, coverage, and performance of services, as well as improvements in responsiveness to providers towards enhancing health referral systems. The provision of participatory services in countries varied according to their level of development, and further interactions between the government and the private sector resulted in better coverage and reduced inequality in service delivery.

Public-private partnership is an effective way to achieve sustainable development goals. Public-private partnerships can be strengthened by integrating public and private sector facilities and aligning the interests and motivations of service providers with public health goals. Also, awareness of the plans and capacity of public and private sectors, along with conscious and mutual interaction, can strengthen health on a larger scale. Scientific approaches and correct participation can also relieve the part of governmental responsibilities to focus on more primary measures so that it can carry out its core tasks, including stewardship, policy-making, and supervision, with greater focus and power to facilitate the achievement of goals.

Many people die as a result of road traffic crashes globally every year. Low- and middle-income countries had higher road crashes mortality compared to high-income countries and Iran is one of the countries with the high road crashes mortality in the world. Regarding the important and basic role the social components plays in health. The current study aims to investigate social determinants of traffic crash mortality in Isfahan during the 2014-2017.

This study was a cross-sectional data secondary analysis. 29909 traffic crashes were analyzed. Data were extracted from the Hospital Information System (HIS) and analyzed using logistic regression. Social determinants were selected using the Commission on Social Determinants of Health conceptual framework. Data were analyzed with Stata 14 software at a significance level of less than 0.05

we found that 719(2.8%) mortalities were related to traffic accident injury. The death rate due to traffic crash in the hospital was 2.4%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that men (P-value =0.00), unemployed people, less than 65 years of age, injured transported from suburb and passengers of small vans/trucks (P-value <0.00) had higher odds of mortality caused by traffic crashes

Considering the importance of social factors on traffic crashes mortality, health policy-makers should develop preventive programs and adopting policies based on occupation, sex, age, mode of transport of the injured, and the type of vehicles to inform interventions aimed at reducing injury-related mortality.

Oral health is an important factor affecting quality of life. This research examined the correlates of demand for basic dental services among the Iranian households.

This research was a secondary data analysis of cross-sectional data in which the data extracted from National Survey of Iran’s Household Income and Expenditure Survey-2018 were analyzed. The study sample included 17548 eligible households from whole country. The logistic regression model was used to analyze demand for basic dental services. Three regression models were estimated.

The probability of demand for basic dental services was reduced as households’ heads were more educated, non-married or unemployed (p value < 0.05). The probabilities of demand for basic dental services were higher among households of higher income quintiles comparing to the first income quintile (p value < 0.05). Furthermore, the probability of demand for basic dental services was higher among those households with elderlies aged more than 70 years old or those households with children aged between 6-12 years old (p value < 0.05).

The possibility of demand forbasic dental services was correlated to demographic and economic factors as well as age component of household’s members. As a result, dental health policymakersshould pay attention to demographic and economic status and age status of population.

The coronavirus pandemic has forced many countries to take specific plans to reduce or control the transmission of the disease, which has led to negative psychological consequences, including an increase in domestic violence. The purpose of this study is to provide insights into how the problem of domestic violence in the corona pandemic is placed on the policy agenda.

The present study is a perspective one in which based on Kingdon's agenda setting model, the process of domestic violence agenda setting identified in the Corona period and three streams of problem, policy (problem solution) and political (political will) explained.

In the context of the problem stream following the spread of coronavirus, the trend towards domestic violence due to social constraints, staying at home, poverty, increasing economic problems and increasing substance abuse has increased significantly and is now emerging on a global scale. Accordingly, domestic violence is a problem of global public health priority due to its prevalence and physical, psychological and mortality complications. Regarding the policy stram, the most important analyzes and possible solutions to this problem can be done in the form of setting up guidelines and support systems, active incentives and messaging, using community participation, defining and redefining safe havens, and preparing a single protocol. Also, due to the fact that domestic violence is a social problem with medical, psychological, and legal dimensions, it is necessary for trustees to 1- use more sensitive screening methods to counseling centers, health centers, comprehensive training and sensitization-based health care providers, counselors, and the first line of the health care system, 2- create more response lines and contact numbers to provide support to these women, 3- evaluate and visit helplines, counselors, welfare shelters and day care staff to help victims of violence, and 4- consuder that using the social media should increase the risk of domestic violence during Covid disease while raising awareness. In the field of political stream, it is necessary for the government to pay attention to the problem of domestic violence and, with a correct understanding of the problem and its negative consequences, have the will to solve it. Therefore, at the government level, the new president must put the problem of domestic violence on the agenda with a serious determination.

When the three currents of problem, problem-solving, and political will coexist, the policy window for addressing domestic violence in the Corona will open, and this problem will be on the agenda of policymakers. With regard to domestic violence following Covid 19, despite the existence of two streams of problem and solution to the problem, the stream of political will does not seem to be well formed.

To develop the next generation of healthcare innovators, students at all levels of education should be trained and encouraged to employ innovative and entrepreneurial approaches to deal with complicated challenges of today’s health system. Applying innovation and entrepreneurship training to solve complex problems and focus on solution design has recently become common in medical universities all over the world. This paper clarifies the role of hackathons as an innovative educational approach in healthcare education systems. We propose a process model concerned with organizing hackathon events in the healthcare education system. This model can be used in the academic and practical design of hackathons for innovation purposes.

Chaos, information uncertainty, and instability are characteristics of the chaotic situation experienced in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The health system has been severely damaged under such circumstances. The basic way to deal with this situation is to understand the crisis correctly, and accept the chaotic situation. Chaos theory emphasizes solutions that take into account discontinuities in events, and provides appropriate solutions to deal with the problems. Using the features of chaos theory to assist health decision makers and policymakers in managing COVID-19 pandemic, the following recommendations can be proposed: focus on short-term (vs. long-term) decision-making, contingent and flexible planning, proper application of innovative approaches in policymaking, creating structures and systems, discovering order within chaos and disorder. In the health policy system, the managers who change their mental models according to the circumstances instead of following the old principles, develop and implement their activities based on models far from stable and dynamic equilibrium, is an undeniable necessity.

Social health is considered as an important part of good health both individually and socially. The purpose of this study was to examine the content of the official medical sciences curriculum in undergraduate degrees from a social health perspective.

This qualitative content analysis study was conducted in 2019 at the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences using a deductive approach based on Hsieh and Shannon's directed content analysis. For this purpose, official curricula in the fields of Public Health, Occupational Health, Environmental Health, Nursing, Midwifery, Nutrition Sciences, and Health Services Management were analyzed using MAXQDA 12.

The results showed that a total of 136 codes related to the components of social health were identified in the topics of undergraduate medical sciences majors. Most to least relevant topics belonged to the fields of Public Health (61 codes), Midwifery (22 codes), Nursing (16 codes), Occupational Health (12 codes), Environmental Health and Nutrition Sciences (each 10 codes), and Health Services Management (5 codes), respectively. Among the components of social health, only the component related to access to insurance and health services was mentioned in all seven disciplines. However, the components of poverty and inequality were only included in three disciplines (Public Health, Nursing, Midwifery).

Regarding insufficient focus on social health in curricula, revision of educational curricula is suggested from the perspective of social health, particularly in areas such as poverty and inequality, unemployment, population, violence, and gender discrimination.

Because of the increasing trend of uncontested divorce in the courts, as two out of every three divorces are related to uncontested divorce, scrutinizing the health and psychological causes of the rate of uncontested divorce is of great importance. The aim of this study was to examine the psychological and health factors affecting uncontested divorce

The present study was a cross-sectional data secondary analysis in which the existing data were analyzed.After obtaining official permission from the family courts in the city of Kermanshah, the data related to the issue of uncontested divorce during 2017 and 2019 werereceived and analyzed. The sampling method in this study was a census in which all legal cases of applicants for uncontested divorce in city of Kermanshah in the years of 2017-2018 have been reviewed.

2842 cases referred to welfare organization for consultation, of which, 2331 cases led to uncontested divorce and 511 cases not led to uncontested divorce(compromise). Among the psychological factors, the variables of suspicion, pessimism and depression; and among health variables, the variable of sexual satisfaction had a statistically significant relationship with uncontested divorce and anxiety, aggression and infertility did not have a statistically significant relationship.

Considering the role of suspicion and pessimism, depression and sexual dissatisfaction in uncontested divorce, it was recommended that specific preventive strategies should be considered by the authorities. These strategies can provide both education and counseling in pre-marital and post-marital periods, as well as during the uncontested divorce process.

 The patients ‘satisfaction with health service is one of the five indicators of quality evaluation in health care programs. This study aimed to identify the attributes related to the non-satisfaction of insurance coverage among patients visited to dental clinics.

In the framework of a qualitative study conducted in Tehran city, six private and public dental clinics were selected in regions with variant socio-economic status. Face-to-face interviews with the head of household or their spouses who visited to selected dental clinics were carried out and sampling continued until saturation. Data collection lasted from October until February 2018. Thematic analysis was used for content analysis and MAXQDA12 software was applied for data analys

54 interviews were conducted and overall 14 codes were extracted. Peculiarity and non-peculiarity attributes were identified as two main attributes related to dissatisfaction of the basic and complementary health insurance. To more detail, both basic and complementary insured interviewees expressed dissatisfaction with high premiums, inadequate service packages, as well as rarity of contract centers. Moreover, the interviewees with basic insurance were highly dissatisfied with quality of health services, and those of complementary coverage were dissatisfied with reimbursement system of insurance.

The findings suggest that in order to improve the level of satisfaction with insurance coverage, it is necessary for policy makers to consider the affordability of insurance coverage, insurance packages, and also the quality of health services provided by insurers.

In recent years, the number of people who use mobile devices for business and organizational purposes has increased. This phenomenon is now known as “bring your own device” (BYOD), and it is rapidly entering the health industry, which makes clear the necessity of studying its various dimensions for its implementation and application. Recently, the use of mobile devices is increasing due to the social tendencies of people. Rapid changes in modern gadgets and smartphones have also encouraged organizations to use their mobile devices in the workplace for business purposes, creating related opportunities and challenges. These cases have made the expansion of BYOD inevitable so that the only way to control BYOD’s threats is to accept its process and finally formulate related strategies and policies before using it.

Because the performance assessment of the health system is used as the basis for decision‑making and demonstrates progress or failure in achieving the goals of the health system, promoting the health system performance assessment can play a major role in improving and enhancing the health system. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to identify and prioritize the challenges of promoting the health system performance assessment.

There were two approaches in both qualitative and cross‑sectional studies. At first, using semi‑structured interviews with 52 performance appraisers, data related to the challenges of promoting the health system performance assessment were collected and thematically analyzed. Then, in cross‑sectional terms, the performance appraisers were provided with researcher‑made checklists which contained a list of challenges to determine the priority of challenges by scoring. The data were handled and analyzed using MAXQDA Plus version 12 and Microsoft Excel.

Our results revealed five themes and ten subthemes on the challenges of promoting the health system performance assessment. Themes (subthemes) included infrastructures (cultural and technological), implementation (organizational support, process, and responsibilities), human resources (motivation and training), assessment (performance monitoring), and content of measures (reliability and validity). We also prioritized 31 listed challenges in three priority groups, including below average, average, and above average.

Our findings suggest that promoting the health system performance assessment in Iran can be accomplished by allocating financial and nonfinancial motives to the performance assessment staffs, using performance assessment results in policymaking, clarifying tasks of assessment process executors, and reviewing and adapting the performance assessment indices according to contingencies in the health system.

Burns and heat‑related injuries often lead to mortality and great financial and social costs. This study aimed at investigating the social determinants of burn‑related mortalities in a burn specialized hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Materialsand

This cross‑sectional data secondary analysis study was conducted through the data related to burn patients hospitalized to burn specialized Imam Musa Kazim hospital, Isfahan, Iran, in a 4‑year period. The data were extracted using Hospital’s Information System, and analyzed descriptively and inferentially.

Among 3290 burn patients, 740 (22.49%) had passed away. The highest mortality percentage was observed in women (31.1%), aged higher than 60 years old (35.8%), in patients with low‑financial status (27.4%), patients come from cities other than Isfahan (25.4%), and in Total Burn Surface Area (TBSA) of higher than 71% (86.6%). The results of logistic regression test showed that burn‑related mortality is 50% lower in men compared to women (odds ratio [OR] = 0.50), 16% lower in 41‑60 years of age group compared to over 60 years of age group (OR = 0.16), 41% higher in people with low financial status compared to those with high financial status (OR = 1.41) and 4% lower in people with 31–70 TBSA compared to those with TBCA higher than 71% (OR = 0.04).

Burn‑related mortality could be associated with treatment and health care as well as social factors. Therefore, parallel to hospital care and physical conditions of the burn patients, social factors including gender, age, income level, and place residence need to be addressed in burn policies to reduce burn‑related mortalities

The Integrated Health System (SIB) is the latest electronic health record system in Iran, with the goal of integrating health information and providing health services in the form of health system reform plan throughout the country starting to function in 2018-2019. The purpose of this study was to identify the advantages and problems of using the SIB system from the perspective of employees of the health center of Yazd and its subsidiaries and providing solutions.

This study is a qualitative study which was conducted using content analysis method with conventional approach. The population of the study consisted of all employees of Yazd health center and affiliated units using SIB system. The sampling was purposeful and continued until data saturation, and a semi-structured interview was conducted to collect information.

Based on the findings of the study, the advantages of using the SIB system in the form of eight general categories include: managerial, technical, hardware, security, editing, content, ability to transfer and access and problems in the three general categories: of equipment and hardware, Software and management.

Considering the identified factors in the field of existing problems, such as adaptation of the system with the programs and overall goals, intelligent system to reduce the error rate and increase the speed of working with it and use the views of users in the forefront to upgrade system.

By beginning of the year 2020, COVID-19 has spread all over the world. The virus has caused numerous social, medical, and political challenges. One of the major challenges faced by countries to control the outbreak of the virus was the stability of economic and social activities and the simultaneous fulfilling of work during quarantine. Under such circumstances, telework is employed as one of the important policies control the virus. Moreover, many employees have tendency for remote working or teleworking. In such a situation, the importance of applying the Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) approach to fulfill job duties seems obvious. To enjoy the benefits of BYOD, organizations need the right policy for applying BYOD. This perspective endeavors to shed light on how to apply BYOD policy. From the researchers’ point of view, the important facets that could be addressed when applying BYOD can be described like this: policy is appropriate decision-making and implementation, technical infrastructure, continuous communication, staff training, security and privacy protocols, and agreement between staff and organization as well as the use of cloud computing.

The outbreak of emerging and acute infectious diseases is one of the threats to global health. Another such event is the latest global pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) COVID-19. The right policymaking and management of this pandemic require the use of scientific capabilities and evidence obtained from different experiences. However, as far as COVID-19 is a wicked problem, informed decision making for COVID-19 differs from policymaking in normal circumstances and faces difficulties. In general, we grouped these difficulties into three categories, including uncertainties, heterogeneous policymaking, and weaknesses of the history approach. Uncertainties of coronavirus can be resolved by the development of an integrated system for tracking deaths and mortality estimates, monitoring of the key characteristics of dead coronavirus patients and patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), as well as more work to assess the incidence and characteristics of coronavirus infections across the population. In order to minimize the harm caused by heterogeneous policies, it would be easier to clarify, interpret, and apply the macro-strategies of the World Health Organization (WHO) consistent with the local requirements of the country instead of not embracing and refusing them altogether. Furthermore, in order to make good use of the history-as lessons- approach of the epidemics in COVID-19 policy, the experiences of previous epidemics must be adequately clarified and logically interpreted and implemented in accordance with the temporal, environmental, and political circumstances of the COVID-19 epidemic.

Characteristics of any job and its socio-economic outcomes are related to the social health of the working population. Social health attempts to identify the mutual effects of social interaction on the individuals’ well-being. An individual’s positive or negative willingness to the society-benefiting environmental subjects with high sensitivity, care, and intelligence along with the ability to understand the others, share their experiences and emotions, and actively participate in the social processes falls in the field of social health. In a society where the conditions are becoming healthier, an individual with social well-being is expected to adaptively see the conditions improving, accepting his society with all its positive and negative aspects and attempting to help the society’s improvement. In addition to its importance in terms of the individual and occupational health and interaction with the coworkers and other society members, social health is important in terms of the public health. If a baker does not have a proper social well-being, not caring about his society, the bread health of a majority of the population may negatively change, leading to low quality bread. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the social health of the bakers and the related variables in Isfahan, Iran.

This study was cross sectional-analytical and was conducted in 2017. The statistical population consisted of 469 bakers working in 171 traditional bakeries in Isfahan, who were selected out of 633 qualified bakeries by stratified sampling method in proportion to the size according to Cochran formula with the confidence level of 95% and error level of 0.07. The data were collected by the Adult Social Health Questionnaire (validated by Rafiey et al.) and Demographic Information Questionnaire. Each individual’s score were derived from 29 questions in the social health questionnaire with the components of social interaction, social responsibility, conscientiousness, attitude to society, empathy, family relationship, and social participation. In addition to the overall score, each component was scored. The social health was classified into five groups: very weak, weak, medium, good, very good, with their relationships with the demographic variables and each individual’s perceived social-economic status being assessed. The data were analyzed by Spearman correlation test and non-parametric covariance in SPSS 20.

Three individuals worked in most of the studied bakeries. The mean age was 39.9 (±11.83). Those who worked in the bakeries had the work experience of 1 to 65 years with the average of 18.3 years (±12.31). Half of them had lower than 16.5 years of experience. However, 17% of the bakers had higher than 30 years of experience. Their social health scores were 18 to 40 (The minimum and maximum scores possible in the social health questionnaire were 10 and 145, respectively). Among the bakers, 3%, 36%, 27%, 26%, and 7% fall in very weak, weak, medium, good, and very good classes, respectively. 95.7% of the bakers viewed their socio-economic status to be in the 5th of 10 grades or lower in the society. Most of them (79.7%) evaluated their income to be low. These bakers’ social health had positive and direct relationship with their work experience (P-value≤0.05), such that an increase in each of the two variables by one unit increased the other by 0.304 and 0.316, respectively. The married individuals’ mean social health score were approximately higher than that of the unmarried ones by 9.7. Moreover, the social health of those with medium income was higher than that of the individuals with income by 6.22 (P-value=0.34).Discussion and

The social health status was weak to medium among the traditional bakers in Isfahan. This seems to be resulted from the limited number of the bakers, alternating working time (early morning and late night), and reduced productive social interactions of them. The bakers probably do not have proper responsibility for their role in the society and are weak at understanding the others. These individuals might not have appropriate relationships with their families and relatives, not participating in the society improving programs. They also might not find themselves having a share in the society, being separated from it. These individuals have a relatively low subjective assessment of their socio-economic status. The mentioned bakers must be improved in the components of social interaction, empathy, conscientiousness, and attitude to society. Interventions are required, such as redesigning the workplace to increase the interactions between the bakers and people while observing the food hygiene. Moreover, programs have to be implemented to enhance the bakers’ social activities. The improvement of their business environment through socio-political pursuance to increase their income and reduce punishments of the governmental organizations probably enhances the bakers’ social health.

Anger might spread from epileptic discomfort and resentment to full-scale anger. But it is quite a natural phenomenon and, like other emotions and excitements, is a sign of human emotions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of anger management training on the rate of child labor aggression in the city of Isfahan. 

This study was a pre-test, post-test interventional with a group. The statistical population of this study includes Isfahan labor children at two social centers in 2017; through which, sixty children were selected by the available sampling method and completed Bass &Perry Aggression Questionnaire. After the implementation of the questionnaire, the experimental group was treated eight sessions of sixty minutes, one session per week, and the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS21 software and covariance analysis. 

The findings of this study showed that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control group in the post-test. In other words, anger management training reduced children’s aggression at the post-test stage. (P<0.001)

Based on the findings, it can be expressed that anger management training is one of the most important factors influencing the control of aggression among labor children. Hence, according to the results of the present study, it is offered that the use of anger management training, as one of the useful therapeutic training in reducing aggression, should be more considered.

Anxiety and aggression among working children during childhood can be considered a predictor of risky behaviors for the rest of the life. One of the educational skills for working children is the ability to cope with the emotions and control anger. This study was aimed to study the effect of anger management training on working children’s anxiety and aggression in Isfahan, Iran.

A quasi-experimental pretest/post-test design with the control group was conducted on the 60 working children recruited from two centers by convenience sampling method in Isfahan (Iran). The Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992) and Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (Spence, 2003) were completed by the participants in pre-test and post-test. The experimental group attended in eight sessions of 60-minute classes.

The results revealed that, as far as the group was concerned, there was a significant difference between anxiety and aggression of the participants according to group membership (experimental and control groups) after adjusting the effect of pretest variables (P˂0.001).

As a whole, teaching anger control is one of the important factors influencing the aggression and anxiety of working children. As such, it is suggested that various types of educational techniques for control anger can be considered in order to reduce aggression and anxiety in working children.

Resource generation in health system provides mechanisms for training efficient and effective workforce and supplies facilities and equipment for delivering health services. Iran’s Health Transformation Plan is one of the major reforms implemented in 2014 designed to realize the scientific authority of the country among the countries in the region in horizon 2025 (Solar Year 1404). Therefore, the state of function of resource generation in the areas of education, research, and infrastructure suitable for provision of health services may provide valuable policy implications for informed decision-making. Therefore, the status of resource generation in the areas of education, research and infrastructure (focusing on human resources and medicine as two expensive and effective drivers) from the lens of productivity and equity can provide invaluable policy implications for informed decision-making. The function of resource generation in the three areas of education, research, and infrastructures of human resources and medicine in health system encounters many challenges in terms of productivity and equity. In this perspective paper, besides assessing these challenges in the light of available research evidence, it has been tried to identify these and aimed to suggest several policy recommendations in these areas for improving evidence-based policymaking.