فهرست مطالب nader hamed chaman

Excessive fructose consumption induces insulin resistance and elevates oxidative stress levels in various body tissues, including the testicular tissue. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic training (continuous and interval) and vanadium-zinc supplementation on the expression of antioxidant genes in testicular tissue in rats fed with fructose syrup.

fifty-six male rats were divided into seven groups including normal control (NC), fructose control (FC), moderate-intensity continuous training (FCT), high-intensity interval training (FIT), vanadium-zinc supplement (FS), moderate-intensity continuous training + vanadium-zinc supplement (FSCT) and high-intensity interval training + vanadium-zinc supplement (FSIT). The GPX, SOD, and CAT genes expression in testicular tissue and serum levels of TAC, TOC, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR were measured. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used for data analysis at a significant level of P≤0.05.

Sixteen weeks of fructose syrup consumption led to a significant increase in serum glucose, HOMA-IR, and TOC levels and a significant decrease in serum TAC, and the levels of GPX, SOD, and CAT gene expression in the testicular tissue of the FC group compared with NC group (P<0.05). Eight weeks of vanadium-zinc supplementation and aerobic training (continuous and interval) were associated with a decrease in serum glucose, HOMA-IR, and TOC levels and an increase in serum TAC and levels of GPX, SOD, and CAT gene expression compared with the FC group (P<0.05).

The results of this research showed that aerobic training (continuous and interval) and vanadium-zinc supplementation improve the metabolic status and subsequently improve the oxidative status in subjects suffering from insulin resistance.

The lack of micronutrients, including iron and zinc, are one of the major concerns of today that can negatively affect sports performance. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and supplementation with pumpkin seed oil and white pea extract on the gene expression levels of MT-1, MT-2, and cGPDH in the liver tissue of male rats.

In this experimental research, 36 male Wistar rats with a weight range of 130 to 150 g were randomly divided into six groups: saline control, saline training, pumpkin seed oil control, training + pumpkin seed oil, Control pea, and training + pea. The training groups participated in the aerobic training with an intensity of 25 m/min, 5 days a week, for total time of 6 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, the liver tissue of rats was extracted and kept at -80 °C for the subsequent measurement changes of MT-1, MT-2, and cGPDH genes gene expression levels through real-time PCR method as well as zinc and Iron levels through ICP-EOS technique in the liver tissue. Statistical analysis of data was done with SPSS software and one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.

Six weeks of training + pumpkin seed oil supplementation significantly increased gene expression of MT-1, MT-2, as well as zinc and iron levels in liver tissue in comparison to the control group (P≤0.05). Also, the amount of liver zinc and iron in the training group + pumpkin oil was significantly higher compared to the training group + pea group (P≤0.05). On the other hand, there was no difference in the expression level of the GPDH gene in liver tissue among the groups (P≤0.05).

The results of the present study showed that the use of supplements containing zinc increases the amount of zinc and subsequently increases zinc transporters. However, pumpkin supplement is more effective in MT1, and MT2 gene expression compared to chickpea supplement.

Insulin resistance is a metabolic disorder marked by insufficient tissue response to insulin secretion and hyperinsulinemia. This metabolic abnormality plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. It appears that changes in lifestyle, such as participating in exercise activity and consumption of non-medicinal supplements, will ameliorate this condition; therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and vanadium-zinc supplementation on body composition, lipid profile, and insulin resistance index in fructose-fed rats. In this experimental study, 56 male wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of seven groups (eight rats per group); 1) Normal control (NC), 2) Fructose control (FC), 3) Fructose + Moderate-intensity continuous training (FIT), 4) Fructose + High-intensity interval training (FCT), 5) Vanadium-zinc supplement (FS), 6) Moderate-intensity continuous training + Vanadium-zinc supplement (FSIT), and 7) High-intensity interval training + Vanadium-zinc supplement (FSCT). The protocol of moderate intensity continuous training consisted of running for 12 to 54 min at a velocity of 12 to 20 m/min on a motorized treadmill with a 5% to 15% incline (weeks 1 to 8); also High-intensity interval training performed 3 min bouts at 40 m/min, interspersed by 3 min active recovery at a running velocity of 20 m/min on a motorized treadmill with a 5% to 15% incline. Supplement groups received 10 mg/kg/day of vanadium-zinc through oral gavage. Body composition and serum levels of lipid profile, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR index were measured before and 48 hours after the final session of the training program in a fast state. Eight weeks of aerobic exercise and vanadium-zinc supplementation significantly improved body composition (P=0.0001), insulin resistance (P=0.0001), and lipid profile indices (P≤0.05). Aerobic exercise combined with vanadium-zinc supplementation has the most significant impact on the modulation of serum insulin resistance, lipid profile, and, inguinal and retroperitoneal fat tissue (P≤0.05). Findings suggest that vanadium-zinc supplementation combined with aerobic exercise can be effective in improving metabolic conditions and body composition.

There is a close and effective relationship between physical fitness and the efficiency of the respiratory system, so it is considered one of the essential factors for success in organizational missions and plays an important role in preventing respiratory problems, especially in cold and mountainous conditions; So, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of complex training, continuous and interval aerobic training on pulmonary capacities, indicators of respiratory-pulmonary necrosis, and performance of military personnel aged 30-45 in a cold and mountainous climate.

40 Military men aged 30-45 years were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (n = 10): (1) Complex training group, (2) interval aerobic group, (3) continuous aerobic group, and (4) control group. The training protocol was implemented for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session takes about 90 minutes on a regular basis by 60% to 80% of 1RM (in the complex training group) and VO2max (in aerobic training groups) in the cold (November/January - with a temperature difference of %5 lower than the average daily temperature) and mountainous climate of Tabriz city. Pulmonary capacities and serum levels of clara cell protein (CC16) and surfactant protein D (SPD), and 3000 m running record were measured before and after the training, a protocol using respectively spirometer, electrochemiluminescence technique, and running track test.

Implementation of 8 weeks of complex training, interval and continuous aerobic training program significantly improved the lung capacity, 3000 meters running test record (P<0.05), and significantly decreased plasma indices of CC16 and SPD (P<0.05) in military personnel. Also, ANOVA and Bonferroni posthoc test revealed that the improvement of these indices was relatively more significant in the complex training group compared to aerobic training groups (P<0.05).

Performing 8 weeks of complex training more efficiently reduces necrosis and catabolic responses and increases respiratory capacity and improves performance in cold and mountainous climates in comparison to aerobic exercise, as these changes improve the performance of military personnel in organizational missions of cold and mountainous climates.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global epidemic that has spread rapidly and it led to increased mortality; however, survivors of Covid-19 disease often face a weakened immune system. Since the main solutions to improve the level of safety include training modality and benefiting from supplements, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of resistance training and biotin consumption on the humoral immunity levels of men recovered from Corona.

Methods and Materials:

 This semi-experimental research has been performed with a pre-test and posttest design. 32 men recovered from Corona, whose ages were between 30 and 40 years old, were randomly divided into four groups of control, resistance training, biotin supplement, and resistance training+supplement. The exercise protocol for 6 weeks was three sessions per week and each session lasted 60 minutes with an intensity of 60 to 80% of a maximum repetition. The supplement groups took one biotin capsule with food for six weeks before the training. About 48 hours after the end of the last training session and supplement consumption, the serum levels of IgA, IgM, IgG, and CRP were measured by the ELISA method. The data were evaluated using the statistical method of multivariate covariance analysis at the significance level of (P ≤ 0.05).

The results showed that six weeks of resistance training with biotin consumption caused a significant increase in IgA, and IgM and it coused a significant decrease in CRP in men recovered from Corona. However, there was not any significant changes in IgG and cortisol.

It seems that six weeks of resistance training along with biotin consumption has strengthened the immune system by increasing the amounts of immunoglobulins A, M and decreasing CRP. Therefore, performing six weeks of resistance training along with biotin intake is suitable for improving the body's immune system and it protects a person against the disease of Covid-19.

Beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyric acid (HMB) was able to upregulated anabolic agents and downregulated catabolic agents, and it can affect the benefits of physical activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks of Complex Training (Resistance+ polymeric) and HMB supplements on IL-15, Cortisol, lipid profile, body composition and performance of Basketball Players. 40 basketball club players were randomly divided into four groups of 10, including: 1. Control group, 2. Supplementary group (HMB), 3. Complex training group, and 4. Training group + Supplement (HMB). The training program was performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session for 1.5 hours with intensity 60-80% 1RM. Serum levels of interleukin 15, cortisol, lipid profiles were taken one day before and 48 hours after the exercise protocol was performed in fasting blood. Data were analyzed by dependent sample T-test and two-way ANOVA (P <0.05). Regarding the results of two-way ANOVA, the main effect of exercise in all variables except cortisol was significant. In addition, the main effect of HMB supplementation was significant only in two variable of medicine ball throwing (F = 11.08, p = 0.002) and vertical jump (F = 62.22, p = 0.001). Complex training with HMB supplementation has the greatest effect on increasing anabolic responses (increased IL-15) and reducing catabolic responses (Cortisol) and lipid profile indexes. Therefore, it seems that use of this supplement with the complex training modality is effective in improving physiological conditions and enhancing explosive power athletes such as basketball.

Increased plasma levels of HCY (homocysteine), CRP (C-reactive protein), TNFα (tumor necrosis factor), cTnI (cardiac troponin I) and cTnT (cardiac troponin T) are known as inflammatory risk factors for cardiomyopathy. So, this study aimed to investigate the effects of 8 weeks combined, interval aerobic and continuous aerobic training on HCY, CRP, TNFα, cTnI, cTnT, lipid profile and performance of military personnel aged 30-45 years old in cold and mountainous climate.

30 Military men aged 30-45 years were randomly assigned into three groups of 10 people, including as combined, interval aerobic and continuous aerobic training groups. Training protocol was implemented for 8-week, three sessions a week and each session takes about 90 minutes on a regular basis by 60% to 80% of 1RM (in complex training group) and  (in aerobic training group) in cold (November/January - with a temperature difference of %5 lower than the average daily temperature) and mountainous climate of Tabriz city. Serum levels of cTnI, cTnT, Lipid Profile (LDL, HDL, and TGC), HCY, CRP, and TNF-α were assessed using ELISA and electrochemiluminescence methods.

8 weeks of combined, interval aerobic and continuous aerobic training protocol, significantly decreased the serum levels of cTnI, cTnT, Lipid Profile (LDL, HDL, TGC), HCY, CRP and TNF-α in Military personnel (P<0.05). Also, ANOVA and bonferroni post-hoc test revealed that the reduction of basic rates of these factors was relatively lower in the combined training group compared to interval aerobic and continuous aerobic training groups (P<0.05).

Implementation of 8 weeks of combined training decreased cardiovascular risk factors and catabolic responses, as these changes improve the performance of military personnel in organizational missions of cold and mountainous climate.