nafiseh irani

The process of globalization and the competitive spirit of nations to achieve developmental aspirations have led to extensive cultural and social transformations. Although these changes are inherent and an inseparable part of societies, they have weakened national identity and ethnic cultures, which deserve attention to elements of national coexistence and the richness of ethnic culture in order to witness greater dynamism in multicultural societies and national cohesion. Therefore, to achieve these goals, societies need to revisit local subcultures. This research aims to explore the manifestations of the tradition of cooperation in the culture and folklore of the Kalhori Kurdish, which has historically strengthened past communities, using both library and field methods, with a descriptive-analytical approach and an interdisciplinary perspective, to find scientific answers to the research questions. These questions include: What aspects of interaction and cooperation existed in the culture and lifestyle of the Kalhori people in the past? Did cooperation and interaction play a role in poverty alleviation, strengthening social relations, advancing activities, managing human resources, and the lives of Kalhori Kurdish speakers in Iwan-e Gharb and Somar-e Gharb? And is there currently a reflection of these cultural relations in the folklore of the Kalhori? The findings of the research indicate that there are noteworthy manifestations of interaction and cooperation in the folklore of the Kalhori, which have played a significant role in advancing social goals, facilitating tasks, boosting the economy, managing human resources, ending ethnic conflicts, and eradicating poverty from Kalhori communities. Furthermore, it is observed that some of these relationships are currently reflected in the folklore of the Kalhori.

Accountancy in word means to take one's right or property completely, or to fulfill the right of something completely, and in the term, it is the knowledge of the laws with which the state accountant used to determine the income and expenditure of the property of the court and the quality and quantity of its calculations, and financial documents and books. This work was done in the Accountancy office and the person in charge was called the state accountant. In other words, court affairs and secretarial writing were divided into two main parts: 1) Letter Writing; and 2) Accountancy. This research aims to provide a comprehensive and accurate definition of the term Accountancy with the method of library study and according to the documents and manuscripts written by state accountants. Also, according to the evidence of these terms used in literary texts, to analyze the necessity of dealing with such terms, important points in their analysis and definition, and their place and importance in Persian historical and literary texts

The Islamic Revolution had a profound impact on all aspects of Iranian society, including political, social, economic, religious, and more. It transformed and revolutionized them. Persian literature, especially poetry, was also subjected to the influence of the revolution in a way that led to the emergence of a new literary genre called 'Islamic Revolutionary Literature. One of the notable transformations in the literature of the revolution, compared to the literature before it, is the growth and dynamic expansion of revolutionary poetry, which is subject to examination in terms of both structure (form) and the content of the poetry.Given that revolutionary poetry is purposeful and oriented towards transcendence, it inherently possesses a progressive, dynamic, and active form and structure. This article aims to categorize and analyze the various aspects of semantic and structural dynamism in the poetry of the revolution (21 works by 17 poets). The authors of this research intend to investigate the impact of the Islamic Revolution on the dynamism of meaning and form (structure) in the poetry of this era. They seek to determine whether the Islamic Revolution, similar to other socio-political transformations, has fundamentally influenced Persian literature (especially poetry). Has the Islamic Revolution had a significant and fundamental impact on the dynamism of meaning and form in poetry and literature? On which strategies is the dynamism of poetry more prominently based before and after the revolution?

The aim of the current research is to analyze the quality and relationship between the images of the fifth grade Persian book and the text of the courses. The method of data collection is library and in terms of data collection method, it is qualitative and content analysis type. The studied population includes the fifth grade Persian book published in 1401, and the method of conducting this research is the full enumeration sampling method; In the way that all the images of the fifth Persian book have been examined. The findings of this research show that 38% of the pages of this book contain images. Also, 83% of these pictures are related to the text of the lessons. As a result, in terms of the relationship between the images and the text of the lesson, in some cases, it needs more attention and revision. The degree of adaptation of the images to the cultural issues and daily needs of the society has also been observed to a large extent; In such a way that 93% of the Persian images of the fifth grade are consistent with the culture and issues of the day.

This research is an analytical study of Riyādh al-Moḥebbin to recognize its place and importance in Persian literature. Riyādh al-Moḥebbin is a work of ethics and mysticism written between 1264 and 1270 AH. This book contains fictional and historical anecdotes about love and all its kinds. The book also contains many poems by Mawlanā, Sa'adi, Ḥāfeẓ, and other great Persian poets that represent the author's literary studies. The author also, has composed many poems, mainly in the form of a Masnavi, that, although are poetically moderate, some have been appropriate to state and expressed while anecdotes through the characters' language. Also, at the end of the book, some other parts of his poems have a poignant theme of the epic of Ḥosayni, one of the most influential Āšurā poems, expressing the strong feelings and beliefs of the writer for the fifth of al-Aba. The study also argues about the pseudonym assignment of Riyādh al-Moḥebbin to Rezā-Qolī Ḵān Hedayāt, and this claim is rejected on the basis of the evidences contained in the text. In continue, the most accurate reference available from the printed and manuscript versions of this work has been introduced. In this contribution, firstly, the materials were collected through library research, and then the research questions and hypotheses were organized. Subsequently, the obtained information was classified and its stylistic characteristics were extracted from the point of view of historical stylistics and a structural point of view with the case study of Riyādh al-Moḥebbin.

This article, in order to depict the value and emphasize on the necessity of cognition about the epic of Battālnāmeh in Persian literature, first introduces this epic, its theme and its famous hero and then studies the attendance history of seyyid Battāl in Turkish, Arabic, and Persian literature and deliverers a list of various and multilingual manuscripts of this epic. In the following part, the paper talks about the possible narrator of this epic and in the final part, it introduces the Persian manuscript of Battālnāmeh and explains some special features of this manuscript.