nahid maleki

Uterine fibroids or Leiomyoma (UFs) are one of a common problem that affects the quality of life in women. Recently use of vitamin D for treating Leiomyoma has been considered. Study's PurposeThis Systematic Review was performed with aim to evaluate the current evidence for the efficacy of vitamin D in treating uterine fibroids. Relevant studies were identified from the following Electronic searching of Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of science, SID and Google Scholar up to Feb 2021. Inclusion criteria consist of Both English and Persian, published, clinical trials using vitamin D as medical for treatment of uterine fibroids. In the long run four RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The quality of these trials was evaluated by two researchers who carried out the data extraction, using Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine checklist. Statistical analysis was performed by Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA) Version 2. To assess the publication bias and heterogeneity, Egger’s and Begg’s tests and I2 were used, respectively. In addition, the Random effects model was employed to perform the meta-analysis. The heterogeneity in the studies was determined as 95.17% (p<0.000). There was publication bias among the studies included; the p-values of Egger’s and Begg’s tests were 0.05 and 0.05, respectively. The effects of Vit D on UFs was statistically significant [mean difference (MD) =2.88; 95% confidence interval (CI): (4.72-1.044); p<0.002]. Vitamin D for treating uterine fibroids can be an effective method, but more studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Self-efficacy during pregnancy is a self-assessment of one's ability to manage stress and perform important behaviors, especially in coping with pain. Women who benefit from the support of others during pregnancy feel more self-efficacious. The studiesshow that involving family members in education, support or presence during pregnancy has contradictory consequences. This study was therefore conducted with the aim of determining the effect of an accompanying training programme based on Bandura's theory on the mother's self-efficacy during childbirth.

This RCT was conducted on 60 primiparous mothers between 20 and 23 weeks of gestation who were admitted to Umm al-Banin Hospital in Mashhad and were randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups. The control group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of oral and practical training. In addition to these sessions, training sessions based on Bandura's theory were held for the intervention group, includingtwo sessions of companions and pregnant mothers together and two sessionsalone. A demographic questionnaire and a Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI, Lowe, 1993) were completed by both groups before and immediately after the training. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, paired t-tests, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon in SPSS 16 software. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.

The average age of the mothers in the intervention group was 26.7±8.3 years and in the control group 28.3±5.9 years. In most cases, the mother 's companion was her sister (73.3%). Before the training, the mean value of self-efficacy was 82.5±22.3 in the intervention group and 87.5±32.4 in the control group (P = 0.492, independent t-test). After the training, the mean value of self-efficacy was 132.4±18.5 in the intervention group and 115.2±26.4 in the control group (P=0.006, Mann-Whitney test). Self-efficacy after the intervention compared to before increased by 49.9±31.3 in the intervention group and by 27.7±29.5 in the control group (P=0.007, Mann-Whitney test). In intragroup comparison, the difference between the intervention group after and before the training was significant (P<0.001, Wilcoxon test). The difference between before and after the training was also significant in the control group (P<0.001, paired t-test).

Companion training based on Bandura's theory has an effect on the self-efficacy of pregnant women during childbirth and is recommended as a training method for childbirth preparation.

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between sex role and women's childbearing motivation. In this study 841 married female participants lived in urban society of Mashhad were recruited based on a multistage sampling from a variety of settings. Data was gathered using Childbearing Questionnaire (CBQ) and brief form of Bem sex role questionnaire. Analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression test and independent t-test. Feminine sex role was in significant relationship with positive childbearing motivation (p=.001). Masculine sex role have no relationship with both childbearing motivations. ANOVA showed a difference between the motivations in four groups of participants divided based on sex role scores. LSD test shows that positive motivation in android (p=.013) and masculine (p=.012) groups were significantly less than feminine group. Negative childbearing motivations in feminine group was less than in UN-differentiate group (p=.014). Multiple regression analysis show that positive motivation was in relationship with the feminine sex role and reverse relationship with marriage age. Reproductive health policy makers and family planning counselors can apply study findings in order to plan perfect programs to direct proper fertility behaviors in the society.

Reducing maternal and neonatal mortality requires improved care quality; the aim of this study was to determine various dimensions of the quality of services in maternity wards in Iran from the patient’s perspective. In this cross-sectional study which was conducted from April to October 2017, 363 patients were selected from maternity wards of five hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences by convenience sampling method. Data collection tools consisted of the SERVUSE (Service Usability questionnaire), including 51 items in 6 dimensions of services quality; its validity and reliability were determined in previous studies. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, version 20. The analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods including Wilcoxon, Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The significance level in all the tests was considered 5%. The total mean scores of the patients’ expectation and perception were 19.10±2.14 and 15.11±4.25, respectively. The highest expectation and perception were related to the usability dimension, and the lowest expectation and perception were related to reliability dimension. The differences between the median score of perception and expectation for all dimensions and total median score of perceptions and expectations were statistically significant (P<0.05, using Wilcoxon test). There were no statistically significant differences in the median score of the gap between the patient’s expectations and perceptions at the levels of demographic variables (P>0.05, using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests). It seems that the service quality of maternity ward of hospitals was approximately unsatisfactory from the patients’ perspective, and they had high expectations in maternity wards of hospitals. Since maternity service quality is critically important, improvement of quality requires management, concordant participation, and efforts of the hospital and staff at all levels of the medical facilities and convenience.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory, autoimmune, chronic disease with multi-organ involvement with a remitting and relapsing course that mainly affects women. One of the most important challenges for women affected by SLE is the adverse impacts of the disease on Sexual function. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted with am to investigate the effects of lupus on women's sexual function. In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, both Persian and English articles were searched in databases of PubMed, Magiran, Scopus, SID, Google scholar using the keywords of "Systemic Lupus Erythematosus", "Sexual functioning", "sexual activity", "sexual disorder" and their Persian equivalents during 2000 up to December 2017. Data analysis was performed with STATA software (version 14.1). I2 test was used to assess the heterogeneitybetween studies and the random effects model was applied to pool data and perform meta-analysis. A total of 8 articles of 515 studies about the impact of lupus on women's sexual function were extracted, of which 4 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The findings of included studies into meta-analysis showed that based on the random effects model, systemic lupus erythematosus decreased women's sexual function )RR= 1.58; 95% CI: 1.10-2.25; p=0.001). Considering the negative impact of lupus on women's sexual function, findings of this study can be a basis for designing and implementation of sexual health programs for this group of women so that lead to promotion of their sexual health

Context: In the recent years, unprecedented reduction in fertility occurred in many countries that affected by demographic, economic, social, political, cultural, and familial factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate studies those determine the correlation between spousal relationship and childbearing. Setting and Design: In this review study, to find both published Persian and English articles, database of Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database, and Magiran were searched using keywords of Spousal OR Marital OR Couple AND Relationship AND Childbearing OR Sex Behavior OR Reproductive Behavior that were selected from the MeSH Glossary. There was no limitation about place and study design. Two researchers conducted the electronic search on mentioned databases. The reliability of the data collection method was examined by a third researcher who had good knowledge of the subject but was not aware of the name of journal and the authors. Statistical Analysis Used: No. Of the 30 studies reviewed, 20 papers directly (increase interaction between spouses increased willingness to childbearing), 9 articles inversely (increase interaction between spouses increased use of contraception and reduced fertility), and one study mutually were shown relationship between spousal relationship and childbearing. It can be said that marital interactions and spousal relationships have a significant correlation with childbearing, and most of the studies mention that there is a direct relationship between them. Fertility growth is impossible without the promotion of individual, social, and familial factors, such as couples' emotional relationships, and policymakers should pay attention to this and plan accordingly.

Randomized controlled trials are critical and important studies in medical sciences. Due to the vital role of such studies in production of valid scientific evidence in the promotion of maternal health, this study was performed with aim to assess the quality of clinical trials in relation to the efficacy of massage therapy on labor pain intensity published by Iranian authors using CONSORT criteria.
In this descriptive study, published Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) in relation to the efficacy of massage therapy on labor pain intensity were evaluated in Persian and English journals which are indexed in Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL as well as Persian databases such as SID, IranMedx, IRANDOC, and Magiran using the keywords of labor pain, massage, and randomized clinical trials from 1995 to 2017. Out of 155 articles, 20 RCTs were assessed using CONSORT, 2010 checklist. The minimum and maximum score of the checklist was zero and 37, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests with SPSS software (version 14).
Based on the results of 20 selected articles about the effect of massage therapy on labor pain intensity, the overall accordance of the RCTs with CONSORT criteria was 54%. Totally, the highest defect was related to the section of methods and materials; in the items of this section, the highest defect was related to sample size, method used for randomized allocation and the method of blinding. The mean overall score of articles was 20.15±3.18 in the minimum and maximum range of 12-27. The highest percentage of reporting quality criteria was related to the methodology section, which was estimated to be 42%.
The most common weakness of authors in reporting the results of RCTs was seen in the section of materials and methods which could be improved by more training of these issues, use of statistics and methodology specialists and also using of standard tools for self-evaluation of the articles.

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice) is a very sweet and soothing herb with anti-inflammatory property and hormonal effects, and in the high importance to the pharmaceutical and food industries. The aim of this study was to investigate the Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of extract containing and without Glycyrrhizic acid of licorice rhizome on small laboratory mice.
In this experimental study, 126 male NMRI mice randomly divided into 18 groups (n=7). Xylene and Formalin Tests used for demonstrating anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. The normal saline control group and the positive control group in the inflammation test were injected dexamethasone, and morphine was injected in the pain test. Experimental groups received extract with and without Glycyrrhizic acid of licorice rhizome at doses of 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg. Statistical analysis was performed using Graph pad Prism software, one and two way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests (P The results of inflammation test showed that all doses of extract with glycyrrhizin contain anti-inflammatory effect in inhibiting the xelen-induced inflammation compared with the control group. Results of formalin test showed that the extract with glycyrrhizin has more analgesic effect than without glycyrrhizin extract. Analgesic effects of two extracts in both acute and chronic pain were observed which the pain score dropped significantly in chronic pain.
Findings of this study showed that licorice root extract has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects so that major part of these effects is probably related to Glycyrrhizic acid.

Vitamin D deficiency is common during reproductive age. Recent data suggest that vitamin D deficiency is associated with poor reproductive function in women and men. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to determine the role of vitamin D on some reproductive function (such as polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, myoma, premature ovary failure, male infertility, and in vitro fertilization (IVF).
In this review study, Persian and English articles that published during 1997 to 2016 with keywords of vitamin D, infertility, fertility were searched in PubMed, Magiran, Google Scholar, Iranmedex, Scopus, Irandoc and SID databases.
A total of 35 studies which were extracted from 302 articles related to the role of vitamin D on some reproductive function were studied. The results of latest research articles in this field were discussed and summarized.
Deficiency of vitamin D defined as serum concentration of

Breastfeeding is one of the most effective behaviors to health promotion. One of the factors that affect on successful breastfeeding is mother's self-esteem. With regard consequences of low self-esteem that have negative impact on interpersonal relationships, thinking, feeling and person, practice, this study aimed to determine self-esteem and its related factors in primiparous women.
In this descriptive study, 300 Primiparous lactating mothers with children less than 6 months, referred to health centers in the Mashhad city were selected by multistage random sampling. Data collection was completed by Rosenberg Self esteem questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software through Spearman correlation test, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney.
The mean and standard deviation of maternal self-esteem were 28.98 ± 2.76. Most of women (94.33%) had the average level of self-esteem and only a small percentage of women (1.33%) had high self-esteem. Based on the results, there was a negative significant relationship between self-esteem and the child's age (P=0.01). In other cases, the relationship between self-esteem and variables such as age, education and income were not significant (P>0.05).
The results of this study showed that the self-esteem mean score of most nulliparous women during breast-feeding was moderate and due to the fact that the self-esteem affects their self-efficacy, feeling and performance, it is suggested that midwives and other health professionals consider psychosocial aspects that they affect self-esteem of breastfeeding mothers and do some measurements on self-esteem of these individuals in order to increase it.

Burnout is a breakdown that affects on person's biopsychosociallife. Midwifery has stressful nature therefore the purpose of this study was evaluation of burnout dimensions and their relation with professional and personal factors in midwives.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 on 300 midwives working in educational hospitals and health centers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using a researcher made questionnaire including professional and personal factors and the Maslach burnout inventory questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16, independent t-tests, ANOVA, Tukey, and multivariate regression.P value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered significant.

Significant relationships were found in age and number of children with depersonalization (p=0.003 and p=0.013, respectively); education, shift work and overtime rate with emotional exhaustion (p=0.05, (p=0.003 and p=0.003, respectively); housing status with individual failure (p=0.004); workplace with three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion (p=0.00), depersonalization (p=0.05) and individual failure (p=0.04)) and also interest in job with three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion (p=0.00), depersonalization (p=0.004) and individual failure (p=0.002)). In regression analysis, age, housing status, workplace, shift work and interest in job showed significant positive correlation with dimensions of burnout (p≤0.05).

Level of decreased personal accomplishment in midwives is high and professional and personal factors such as age, education level, number of children, housing status, workplace, shift work, overtime rate and interest in job have significant relationship with burnout and its dimensions.

Objective (s): Burnout has been described as a syndrome of emotional exhaustion، depersonalization، and decreased personal accomplishment. Measuring burnout among midwives is important because their well-being has implications for stability in the healthcare workforce and for the quality of care provided. This was a cross-sectional study. A sample of 300 midwives who were working in teaching hospitals and health centers took part in the study. The data were collected by a designed questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Moderate and severe job burnout were found in most participants (76. 7%). There were low levels of emotional exhaustion (59. 7%) and depersonalization (75%)، and personal accomplishment (59. 3%). There were a significant inverse association between age and depersonalization (p = 0. 03)، a significant direct association between education and emotional exhaustion (p = 0. 04) and between three dimensions of job burnout and place of work (p = 0. 02). However، no significant relationships were found between job burnout and marital status and employment status. Midwives’ level of burnout was found to be relatively substantial. Interventions at individual and organizational levels are needed to respond to job demands، minimize the level of chronic stress and decrease the prevalence of job burnout.