narges eslami

Uranium, as one of the heavy metals, is a natural radionuclide that has harmful effects on human health and the environment due to its serious toxicity and radiation properties. Biosorption is a simple and cost-effective technique that can be used for remove of heavy metals and Radionuclides from waste waters. In this study, Micrococcus luteus biomass pretreated with autoclave heat was used. Then, physicochemical factor affecting the biosorption including biosorbent dose, initial uranium concentration, temperature and pH were investigated by Response Surface Methodology. The results showed that the factor of initial uranium concentration, sorbent dose and pH statistically (p-value‹ 0.05) affect the uranium biosorption process. In contrast, temperature factor (p-value› 0.05) statistically have no effect on uranium removal by M. luteus. Discussion and The results indicated that the pre-treated biomass under the conditions suggested by Design Expert software (19.75 g/liter of biomass, temperature 32.14 OC and pH 3.33) is able to remove approximately 99.98 percent of uranium from the contaminated area is 26.11 mg/liter of uranium, which shows its valuable potential in bioremediation applications of uranium from acidic wastewaters contaminated with low concentrations of uranium.

Toxic heavy metal contamination of industrial water is a significant universal problem. They accumulate in living tissues throughout the food chain which has humans at its top. These toxic metals can cause accumulative poisoning, cancer, and brain damage. Uranium is one of the most serious heavy metals because of its high toxicity and radioactivity. Excessive amounts of uranium have found their way into the environment through the activities associated with the nuclear industry (1). Conventional methods for removing uranium from wastewater include precipitation, evaporation, ion exchange, membrane processing, and adsorption. Nevertheless, these methods have several disadvantages, such as high installation and operating costs, the requirement of preliminary treatment steps, the difficulty of treating the subsequently generated solid waste, and low efficiency at low metal concentration (2,3). Owing to an increase in environmental awareness, there has been an emphasis on the development of new environmentally friendly ways to decontaminate waters using low-cost methods and materials. In this study, microbial biomass has emerged as a complementary, economic, and eco-friendly device for controlling the mobility and bioavailability of metal ions (2,4). The present work evaluates the performance of the Citrobacter freundii biomass to remove uranium ions from aqueous solutions. The effect of pH, temperature, initial concentration, and sorbent dose on biosorption capacity is also studied.

Materials: Citrobacter freundii bacteria used in this research with PTCC No. 1772 was purchased from the Scientific and Industrial Research Organization of Iran. Uranyl nitrate salt (UO2(NO3)2.6H2O) was obtained from the Research Institute of Nuclear Sciences and Technologies. Nutrient Broth culture medium, sulfuric acid, and sodium hydroxide and other materials used in this research were supplied from the Merck Company.Preparation of uranium solutions and biomass: A stock solution containing 1000 mg L-1 of U(VI) was prepared of UO2(NO3)4.6H2O. The working solutions were prepared daily from stock solutions. In this study, the biomass of Citrobacter freundii bacteria was heat treated in an autoclave at a temperature of 121°C for 15 minutes at a pressure of 1.5 atmospheres. Experimental design and batch biosorption studies: The design of the experiment was done using the response surface method by Design Expert software. Four variables, including initial uranium concentration (mg/l), temperature (°C), pH, and biosorbent dose (g/l), in five levels α-, -1, 0, +1, α+, 1 were used to design the experiment (Table 1). Therefore, 27 experiments were presented using a central composite design. The values of the variables and the obtained answers are shown in Table 2. Uranium biosorption experiments were performed by adding specified amounts of bacterial biomass in 20 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing uranium solution with the concentration and pH corresponding to each experiment, with the specified temperature in the Shaker. After 90 minutes, each sample was centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 15 minutes at 4°C. Then, the remaining uranium in the solution was measured by ICP (Perkin Elmer/Optima 7300DV). The percentage of uranium removal (R) was calculated by equation 1:  Where C0 and Cf are the initial and the final concentrations of the metal ion solutions (mg/l), respectively.Table 1- Variables and Levels of the Central Composite Design Method

By using the RSM-CCD method, the optimization of the biosorption process was carried out. Table 2 shows the experimental results based on each point of the experimental design. Then, using analysis of variance (ANOVA), the obtained results were evaluated.The equation obtained for the biosorption efficiency of uranium by Citrobacter freundii is expressed as follows:Removal= +68.97045-1.43160 * C (ppm)+12.81296 * pH+1.08935 * T (0C)+2.89856 * M (g/l)+0.55737 * C (ppm) * pH+0.011459* C (ppm)* T (0C)+0.014961* C (ppm)* M (g/l)-0.32111 * pH * T (0C)-0.62783 * pH * M (g/l)-0.037633* T (0C) * M (g/l)-6.93488E-003* C (ppm)2-4.06361 * pH2Table 2- Values of Variables and Experimental Responses in the Response Surface Method.

The F-value and p-value of the proposed model are equal to 5.03 and 0.0027, respectively, reflecting the accuracy of the proposed model. This model with R2 equal to 0.81 shows that the proposed model can well predict the experimental values. The results showed that the factor of initial uranium concentration and pH statistically affect (p-value‹ 0.05) the uranium biosorption process. In contrast, temperature and sorbent dose factor (p-value› 0.05) have no statistically effect on uranium removal by Citrobacter freundii. With increasing uranium concentration from 10 mg/l to 77.5 mg/l, the removal increases from %66.5 to %99/92. Then, with increasing uranium concentration from 77.5 mg/l to 100 mg/l, the removal decreases to %97.34. On the other hand, one of the most important effective parameters in biosorption is the pH of the solution. With increasing the pH from 2 to 5, the removal decreased from %96.82 to %79.01 due to the formation of uranyl complexes (5). In this research, the results indicated that the pre-treated biomass under the conditions suggested by Design Expert software (19.84 g/l of biomass, temperature 28.92 OC, pH 2.89 and initial uranium concentration 53.71 mg/l) is able to remove approximately 99.99 percent of uranium from the contaminated area, which shows valuable potential Citrobacter freundii in bioremediation applications of uranium from contaminated wastewaters.

NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is a highly heterogeneous disorder with various clinical symptoms. The aspirin challenge test is a gold standard method for its diagnosis, and there are still no reliable in vitro diagnostic biomarkers yet. Oral challenge tests are time-consuming and may be associated with a risk of severe systemic reactions. This study aimed to evaluate whether patients with poor responses to medical management are more susceptible to being aspirin-sensitive.  

In this cohort study, after CT scanning of all patients and subject selection, conventional medical treatment was started as follows and continued for three consecutive months: at first, saline nose wash twice per day, intranasal beclomethasone spray one puff in each nostril twice per day, montelukast 10 mg tablet once daily, a ten-day course of oral prednisolone starting with the dose of 25 mg per day and taper and discontinued thereafter. Sinonasal outcome test 22 (SNOT22) was used for the evaluation of symptom severity. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 23, and data were analyzed using an independent samples T-test, paired T-test, and Receiver operating curve analysis  

25 males and 53 females were enrolled in this study, with an average age of 41.56 ± 11.74 years old (18-36). Aspirin challenge test results were positive in 29 (37.2%) patients. The average SNOT22 scores before the treatment were 52.97 ± 17.73 and 47.04 ± 18.30 in aspirin-sensitive and aspirin-tolerant patients, respectively, and decreased to 27.41 ± 16.61 and 24.88 ± 16.72 in aspirin-sensitive and aspirin-tolerant patients after the treatment, respectively. There was no significant difference in SNOT22 scores between the groups.  

The severity of symptoms before treatment and clinical improvement after treatment are not good predictors of N-ERD.

Primary immunodeficiencies are a diverse group of rare genetic disorders, among which phagocytic dysfunction impairs neutrophil function in a wide range of inherited disorders. Due to the heterogeneity of the disorders a multidisciplinary approach is often required for early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the imaging findings in children admitted with phagocytic primary immunodeficiencies.Thirty-five children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for phagocytic dysfunction were enrolled in this study. The patients were under close observation and monitoring from January 2011 until data locking in December 2017. The diagnosis of phagocytic immunodeficiency was confirmed by the patient’s clinical course, presentation features, and laboratory data. Among the 35 patients studied, the most frequent condition was chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) (23 patients), followed by different types of neutropenia (8 patients) and Job’s syndrome (4 patients). Mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathies and consolidation were the most frequent presentations. There was a significant relationship between mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathies and fungal infections. A meaningful relationship was also found between pulmonary nodules without halo signs in patients with concomitant tuberculosis and fungal infections. A significant correlation was found between CGD, pulmonary fibrotic changes, and mediastinal lymphadenopathies.The most frequent radiological manifestations in children included mediastinal and hilar consolidations. Physicians’ awareness of the radiological and clinical manifestations of these inherited diseases may be helpful in the early diagnosis and timely initiation of specific prophylaxis measures to prevent infections and also to initiate hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as the curative management modality.

 Anxiety and depression in patients with asthma have been linked to frequent exacerbations, increased use of healthcare resources, and poor asthma control.

 In the current study, we examined the correlations between asthma and symptoms of depression/anxiety in adolescents with asthma referred to Masih Daneshvari and Mofid hospitals during 2020 - 2021.

 The current observational, cross-sectional study was conducted by administering the Spence Children Anxiety Scale and a demographic information checklist among 105 subjects. Asthma severity was measured using forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), the number of short-acting β-2 agonists used per week or month, the number of night awakenings per week or month, having asthma symptoms in daily activities, the number of asthma attacks needing oral corticosteroids per year, and the number of disease exacerbations per week or month. Data were analyzed, and the correlation between the variables was investigated through linear regression and ordinal logistic regression.

 Patients with a mean age of 11.3 ± 2.5 years showed a mean overall anxiety score of 14 ± 9 out of 114. There was a significant negative correlation between the overall score of anxiety disorders and FEV1 and FEV1/FVC (P < 0.001). There was also a direct correlation between the overall score of anxiety disorders and the frequency of using β-2 agonists, the number of night awakenings, interference with normal functions, and exacerbation frequency (P < 0.001).

 Our findings indicated a significant association between anxiety disorders and asthma in children. Considering the high prevalence of asthma in Iran than the global average, studying the underlying mechanisms of anxiety and psychological and environmental variables in children with asthma can aid in developing effective psychological therapies.

 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent and life-threatening tumor with high morbidity and mortality. Proper prediction and prognosis are incredibly stressed to diagnose HCC and increase patient survival.

 This research aims to evaluate gene expression levels of pre-differentiated transcripts for those suffering from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and HCC.

 To examine the previously analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) transcriptomic array data, we selected seven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in normal versus CHB and CHB versus HCC (CD44, SP3, USP8, E2F2, UFM1, IFN regulative factor binding protein 2 (IRF2BP2), and T-cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1)). The study included individuals with treatment-naïve CHB (n = 30) and primary HCC (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 15). Subsequently, the expression of genes was assayed using qRT-PCR. A phylogenetic evaluation was performed using direct sequencing of HBsAg.

 In HCC patients, 60% (n = 15) were HBeAg-positive. HBeAg was negative in all CHB patients, but all were anti-HBe-positive. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) load of HCC patients was more than that of CHB subjects. All patients were of the Iranian race and HBV D genotype. The expression of five transcriptional markers (CD44, SP3, USP8, E2F2, and UFM1) was higher in HCC patients than in CHB and healthy subjects, which was similar to the initial microarray data analysis.

 Transcriptional signatures may be related to the pathogenesis of HCC and used as diagnostic biological markers for the initial monitoring and prediction of HCC.

Respiratory diseases are considered as significant causes of morbidity and mortality in primary immunodeficiencies. This study aimed to reveal the radiologic patterns of thoracic involvement in these disorders. A total of 58 patients, including 38 cases with combined cellular-humoral and 20 cases with humoral immunodeficiencies, were enrolled in this study. The “combined” group consisted of 12 cases with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and 26 cases with combined immunodeficiency. The “humoral” group included seven patients with Hyper IgM syndrome (HIGMs), seven cases with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), three patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and three patients with other types of humoral primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). The mean age of patients at the time of evaluation was 3.3±3.8 and 5.3±3.9 years in combined and humoral groups, respectively. The findings of chest X-rays and CT scans were interpreted and compared. There was a significant difference for alveolar opacification between combined and humoral immunodeficiencies (58% vs. 30%). The bronchopneumonia-like pattern was detected as a significant finding in patients with SCID (42%) and HIGMs (43%). Atrophy of the thymus was detected significantly often in cases of SCID (67%). Two patients with CVID and lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein deficiency showed parenchymal changes of granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease. No significant difference was detected for bronchiectasis, bronchitis/bronchiolitis patterns, pleural effusion, and thoracic lymphadenopathy. lymphadenopathy. Distinct subtypes of primary immunodeficiency may provoke differing and comparable radiological patterns of thoracic involvement; which can clue the clinician and radiologist to the diagnosis of the disease.

Asthmatic patients may have aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease and experience acute dyspnea and nasal symptoms within 3 hours after the ingestion of aspirin. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and outcome of daily low-dose aspirin in the treatment of moderate to severe asthma in patients with concomitant aspirin hypersensitivity and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). This clinical trial was conducted from February 2014 to February 2015 on 46 adult patients with moderate to severe asthma accompanied by CRSwNP. Patients with a positive aspirin challenge were blindly randomized in three groups receiving placebo/day (A); aspirin 100 mg/day (B); and aspirin 325mg/day (C), respectively. Clinical findings, FEV1 and ACT scores were recorded and compared before, during, and after treatment for 6 months. Of 46 participants at baseline, 30 patients completed this 6-month trial study. The level of asthma control was significant; based on Asthma Control Test (ACT) when comparing the results in groups A and C and also groups B and C, but it was not significant when comparing ACT scores between groups A and B. FEV1 before and after treatment was significant when comparing groups A and B, groups A and C, and groups B and C. To conclude, aspirin desensitization with a daily dose of 325 mg aspirin resulted in the improvement of long-term control of asthma. A daily aspirin dose of 100 mg was not associated with such an increase in ACT score.

Asthma induced by ingestion of aspirin occurs when symptoms arise within 30 minutes to three hours after aspirin consumption. Previous data indicate that sensitivity to aspirin may be associated with poorly controlled asthma. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of aspirin sensitivity in patients with moderate to severe asthma receiving conventional asthma therapy. This clinical trial was conducted on 65 patients aged 18 to 65 years with moderate to severe asthma from February 2015 to February 2016 at the Allergy Department, Hazrat-e-Rasoul Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. To assess treatment responses in patients, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and asthma control test (ACT) scores were measured at baseline and after 3 months. The results of the oral aspirin challenge revealed a prevalence of 35.38% for sensitivity to aspirin. Hypersensitivity reactions to aspirin were detected in 60.9% of the patients with moderate asthma and 39.1% of the patients with severe asthma. All patients with positive aspirin challenge tests suffered from rhinosinusitis and in 56.5% of cases, history of previous hypersensitivity reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was detected. No meaningful differences were found between those patients with aspirin sensitivity and those with aspirin tolerance neither in mean pre-bronchodilator FEV1 nor in ACT scores pre- and post-treatment. To conclude, aspirin sensitivity was not found to have an association with an unfavorable response to conventional treatment in patients with uncontrolled asthma.

Female – headed households are among the most vulnerable groups in society and Ego strength is powerful predictor of success in difficult areas of life and facing difficult successes in life. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of narrative group therapy on Self-Compassion of women heads of households supported by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Sari City.

This study was a practical and quasi - experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population includes all women heads of households in Sari City supported by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee who have taken care of their families in 2019. From this statistical population, 30 Female-headed households were selected based on the voluntary sampling procedure and were also randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). Then the group narrative therapy program consisted of 8 sessions (each 90 minutes) was performed on the experimental group. Completed the Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strength Questionnaire (PIES) before and after intervention.

Findings showed that by controlling the pre-test effects, group narrative therapy increased ego Strength in the variables of purpose, competence and love.Based on the findings, it can be concluded that group narrative therapy is an effective method on increase ego strength, of female-headed households. Keywords: Ego Strength, Female-headed households, Narrative Therapy

The effect of Cyclin D1 expression on prostate cancer has not yet been elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the relation of immunohistochemical expression of Cyclin D1 with tumor progression.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, tissue samples of patients referred to Imam Khomeini, Shahid Baqaei and Golestan hospitals of Ahwaz with confrimed diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia were used. Clinical and demographic data of patients were extracted from hospital records. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using Anticyclin D1 monoclonal antibody.

In this study, 69 patients with prostate cancer and 10 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were studied. Mean age of patients was 70 year. Immunohistochemical expression analysis of Cyclin D1 showed that only 6% of patients were negative and 32% had very strong expression.All of the ten patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were negative. The high (plus plus) expression of cyclin D1 was significantly more frequent in high grade tumors (p = 0.02).

Overall, the findings of this study indicate that the Cyclin D1 marker is broadly increased in prostate malignancy and its upregulation can be related to tumor grade based on Gleason score .

Traumatic brain injury is one of the significant causes of death and physical and psychological disability that can effect on verbal memory, stress management and alexithymia. As a result, present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation group therapy on verbal memory, stress management and alexithymia in patients with traumatic brain injury.

The method of this study was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The research population was patients with traumatic brain injury, referring to Birjand hospitals in the 2018 year. After studying the inclusion criteria, the number of 30 people was selected by the available sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups. , The experimental group, trained ten sessions (twice weekly) with the technique of cognitive rehabilitation group therapy, and the control group didn’t receive training. Research tools were verbal memory and stress management subscales and alexithymia scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software and by methods of Fisher, Chi-square, independent t, and multivariate analysis of covariance.

The findings showed that at the pre-test stage there was no significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of verbal memory, stress management and alexithymia (P > 0.05), but at the post-test stage there was a significant difference in terms of all three variables (P < 0.05). In the other words, cognitive rehabilitation group therapy led to increase verbal memory (F = 137.905, P < 0.001) and stress management (F = 34.883, P < 0.001) and decrease alexithymia (F = 91.430, P < 0.001) in patients with traumatic brain injury.

The results indicated the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation group therapy in improving verbal memory, stress management, and alexithymia in patients with traumatic brain injury. Therefore, therapists can use the method of cognitive rehabilitation group therapy to enhance psychological characteristics, especially increase verbal memory and stress management and decrease alexithymia.

Despite the increasing prevalence of anaphylaxis, there is little information about the characteristics and practice of healthcare providers in treating anaphylaxis, so this study was conducted to record the characteristics and therapeutic approaches of anaphylaxis from May 2012 until April 2015, the data of all patients diagnosed with anaphylaxis in the Allergy department of three referral university hospitals in Tehran, Iran were recorded. Thereafter, the demographics, clinical features, triggers and therapeutic approach were evaluated. This study investigated 136 individuals, 64 males (47%) between 6 months and 68 years old, as well as 72 others (52.94%) under 18 years of age (pediatric). The following were the most common organs involved: Skin 86.02% (pediatric 91.66% vs adult 79.68%), respiratory tract 51.47% (pediatric 43.05% vs adult 60.93%), cardiovascular 50.73% (pediatric 54.16% vs adult 46.87%), gastrointestinal 20.58% (pediatric 27.7% vs adult 12.5% ) and neurologic system 5.88% (only in adults). The following were the most identified causing foods 69 (50.37%)[42 pediatric (children) and 27 adults], drugs 34( 25%)[14 pediatric and 20 adults], idiopathic 16( 11.77%)[3 pediatric and 13 adults], insect sting 7( 5.15%)[3 pediatric and 4 adults] , exercise 6( 4.42%) [1 pediatric and 5 adults]. Milk, egg and wheat were the most common causative foods in pediatric cases but sesame, as well as egg and milk were the most common causes in adults. Epinephrine injection, auto injector epinephrine prescription as a discharging plan and referral to an allergist were: 10.78, 1.96 and 7.8 %, respectively. In this case series we found that, cutaneous, respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal complains were the most common manifestations and food, drug and idiopathic were the most common causes.In this study, the diagnosis of anaphylaxis, epinephrine subscription and referral to an allergist were significantly lower in comparison to other studies.

The aim of present study was to investigate the Importance of Peer Attachment and Anxiety for Latency Stage in Aggressiveness Model with Its Developmental Origins in Family Efficiency. This correlation study was done on 330 male and female students in grades four and five in Birjand city during 2014, Sampling was done through multi-stage sampling method and data collection tools included Young Parenting Inventory, Latency Attachment Style, Cattel Anxiety, and AGQ Aggressiveness. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The results of fitted model showed that developmental origins path of Impaired autonomy and performance (rigid enmeshed family) had a direct and indirect positive role in prediction of anxiety through ambivalence attachment to peers. Moreover, it could predict aggressiveness through anxiety. In addition, the model showed that developmental origins path of emotion derivation and Impaired limits (chaotic disengaged family) had an indirect positive role in prediction of anxiety through increasing avoidance attachment and an indirect positive role in prediction of aggressiveness through increasing anxiety. Therefore, the model showed that families with rigid enmeshed developmental origins had stronger role in prediction of aggressiveness. As a result, given the prediction of aggressiveness through developmental origins, attachment for Latency Stage, and anxiety, it is possible to prevent the increase of aggressiveness and its unfavorable outcomes by controlling underlying factors in earlier ages.

LPS-Responsive Beige-like Anchor (LRBA) deficiency is a disease which has recently been described in a group of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in association with autoimmunity and/or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like phenotype. We here describe a 10-year-old boy who experienced recurrent infections, mainly in the respiratory system, associated with thrombocytopenia and anemia. Immunological workup showed low numbers of B cells and low IgG, but normal IgM levels. In spite of therapeutic doses of antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungal agents, in addition to immunoglobulin replacement therapy, he developed disseminated involvement of both lungs with peripheral nodules; transbronchial lung biopsy revealed possible bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). Combined homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing identified a homozygous LRBA mutation in this patient (p.Asp248Glufs*2). Such clinical and immunological findings have not been described to date and illustrate the broad and variable clinical phenotype of human LRBA deficiency.

Introduction. Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in the world and a major risk factor for cardiovascular, renal, and neurologic diseases. It seems that hypertension and overweight in children are a growing epidemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypertension in school-aged children in Tehran.Materials and Methods. In a cross-sectional study, blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were performed on school-aged children in Tehran from 2008 to 2009. Children aged 7 to 11 years from 5 public schools in Tehran were included. Blood pressure, weight, and height measurement were performed at the school. At each screening, 3 seated blood pressure, weight, and height measurements were made and at least after 3 minutes of rest and choosing proper cuff, blood pressure was measured by a pediatric nephrologist and a pediatric assistant.Results. A total of 425 school-aged children were included. Twenty-four percent of the primary school children had hypertension and 12% were shown to be overweight. Hypertension was more common in students of the north of Tehran in comparison to other geographic parts of Tehran. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension between girl students of north of Tehran and girls of the other parts of Tehran.Conclusions. We concluded that hypertension is a common problem in school-aged children. Our study re-emphasized the need for prevention and control of high blood pressure in children to manage the global diseases burden due to hypertension.