naser amini

The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation in explaining the causal relationships between childhood trauma and pain in women with rheumatoid arthritis.
 
Methods and Materials: In a cross-sectional study based on structural equation modeling, during the period from December 2022 to June 2023, 286 participants diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, who had been referred to three hospitals (Loghman, Taleghani, and Shahid Tajrish) in Tehran, were selected using purposive sampling. After obtaining informed consent and meeting the inclusion criteria, they were enrolled in the study. Three indices—childhood trauma, pain, and emotion regulation—were assessed at one time point by the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software version 25.
 
Data analysis showed that both emotion regulation strategies, reappraisal (β = 0.068, p = 0.001) and emotional suppression (β = 0.140, p = 0.001), positively and significantly mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and pain in women with rheumatoid arthritis.
 
The findings of this study, consistent with previous research, indicate an association between childhood trauma and pain mediated by emotion regulation. However, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, pain and other psychological variables exhibit a complex relationship that requires further research.

The objective of the current investigation was to compare the efficacy of resilience training and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in enhancing the emotion self-regulation and self-efficacy among employees of Shiraz oil companies.

This study employed a semi-experimental design consisting of pre-test and post-test assessments with a control group. The statistical population for this study encompassed all employees of oil companies in Shiraz in 2022. A total of 75 individuals were selected through a convenience sampling method and assigned to three groups (first experimental group: 25 individuals; second experimental group: 25 individuals; control group: 25 individuals). The first experimental group underwent resilience treatment program, while the second experimental group received ACT. The control group did not receive any specific intervention. Data collection involved the utilization of emotional regulation questionnaire (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) and Sherer's General Self-Efficacy Scale (SGSES; 1982).

The findings revealed a significant difference in emotional self-regulation between the control group and the training groups that were based on ACT and resilience. However, there was no significant difference in the impact of the ACT compared to resilience on the emotional self-regulation of the participants. Furthermore, a significant difference was observed in self-efficacy between the control group and the training groups based on ACT and resilience.

Consequently, it can be concluded that both interventions exerted a significant influence on the self-efficacy of participants. Moreover, a noteworthy distinction was found between the ACT and resilience training. In essence, it can be stated that the teaching method based on acceptance and commitment had a greater effect on the self-efficacy of the participants.

 One of the most painful experiences in the collapse of romantic relationships is the experience of love trauma. The objective of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy (EFT) on love trauma syndrome and symptoms of depression and anxiety in young women with experiences of emotional breakup.

Methods and Materials: 

This study employed an applied quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all women aged 20-35 who visited counseling centers in Amol in 2022. The sample consisted of 40 women from the statistical population of Amol, who were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: the emotion-focused therapy group (n=20) and the control group (n=20). Data were collected using the Ross Love Trauma Inventory (1999), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (1996). The sessions of emotion-focused therapy by Greenberg et al. (2008) were conducted in 12 weekly 90-minute sessions. Data were analyzed using repeated measures and SPSS-26 software.

 The results indicated that emotion-focused therapy was effective on anxiety (F = 18.410), depression (F = 41.531), and love trauma syndrome (F = 74.597) in young women with experiences of emotional breakup. Therefore, it can be concluded that emotion-focused therapy was effective on anxiety (F = 18.410), depression (F = 41.531), and love trauma syndrome (F = 74.597) in young women with experiences of emotional breakup.

 It can be concluded that emotion-focused therapy was effective on love trauma syndrome and symptoms of depression and anxiety in young women with experiences of emotional breakup.

The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of short-term dynamic mentalization-based therapy on maternal reflective capacity and the mother-child relationship.

Methods and Materials: 

The research design was a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test with a control group. The population consisted of all mothers with children aged 2 to 6 who attended counseling centers in Ahvaz in the year 2023. Forty participants were selected from this population using a convenience sampling method. From these, two groups of twenty were randomly formed, one as the intervention group and the other as the control group. The intervention protocol used was based on the short-term dynamic mentalization-based therapy protocol by Mousavi and Bahrami (2020). Data were collected using the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire by Luyten et al. (2017) and the Mother-Child Relationship scale by Robert M. Ross (1961). Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance).

Results from the analysis of covariance, adjusted for pre-test effects, showed significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of maternal reflective capacity and its components, and the mother-child relationship. The results indicated that the intervention improved both maternal reflective capacity and the mother-child relationship.

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that short-term dynamic mentalization-based therapy can serve as an effective therapeutic method for enhancing maternal reflective capacity and the mother-child relationship in counseling settings.

This study was conducted with the objective of examining the effectiveness of short-term dynamic therapy based on mentalization on the reflective capacity of mothers and internalizing and externalizing problems in children.

The research method was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and control group. The population consisted of all mothers with children aged 2 to 6 years who visited counseling centers in Ahvaz in 2022. Forty participants from the populationwere selected using a convenience sampling method. From these, two groups of 20 were randomly selected, then one group was assigned as the intervention group and the other as the control group. The intervention protocol was based onthe short-term dynamic therapy of mentalization by Mousavi and Bahrami (2020). Data were collected using the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire by Luyten et al. (2017) and the Child Behavior Checklist by Achenbach and Rescorla (2001). Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance).

The results of the covariance analysis, adjusted for pre-test effects, showed that there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of reflective capacity and its components, and internalizing and externalizing problems. The therapy significantly improved reflective capacity, its components, and reduced internalizing and externalizing problems.

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that short-term dynamic therapy based on mentalization can be used as an effective treatment method to improve the reflective capacity of mothers and reduce internalizing and externalizing problems inchildren at counseling centers.

The present study aimed to determine the difference in the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) group treatment versus pharmacotherapy on the quality of life among Parkinson's patients attending the Imam Reza Clinic, Neurology Department, in Shiraz.  In this quasi-experimental study, 36 participants were purposefully selected and divided into two groups (each group = 18 participants). The tool used for assessment and diagnosis of disorders by the clinical specialist for sample selection was the Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire.  The findings confirmed the effectiveness of both ACT group therapy and pharmacotherapy on quality of life components, including mobility, activities of daily living, sleep/fatigue, emotional well-being, stigma, social support, cognitive problems/hallucinations, cognition, communication, bodily discomfort, gastrointestinal issues, mobility, activities of daily living, emotional well-being, and sexual function (P<0.05). The results indicated that the effectiveness of ACT group therapy was greater than pharmacotherapy, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).  Therefore, it is suggested that centers dealing with Parkinson's patients utilize ACT group therapy to improve the aforementioned components, thereby enhancing the welfare of this group of patients.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related disorder, characterized by the gradual loss of memory and cognitive function owing to neuronal damage and brain shrinkage. This study aimed to investigate how intranasal injection of human adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned media (hADSC-CM) ameliorates cognitive performance and affects the level of estrogen receptor beta (Erβ) in the hippocampus of rats in an AD model.

A total of 32 male rats were divided into four groups, including the control, AD model, hADSC-CM, and vehicle groups. The Morris water maze was used to assess the animals’ behavioral changes. Moreover, Nissl and Thioflavin-S staining were performed to evaluate the histology of the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry was also carried out to evaluate the expression level of Erβ. 

The intranasal injection of hADSC-CM improved the rats’ cognitive performance by reducing the number of dark cells and beta-amyloid plaques in the hippocampus in the AD model. Besides, the intranasal injection of hADSC-CM increased the level of Erβ in this model.

The present findings indicated that the intranasal injection of hADSC-CM ameliorated cognitive function. Amyloid plaques and dark cells also diminished in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. Moreover, the expression level of ERβ increased. It can be concluded that hADSC-CM has significant treatment benefits for AD in rats.

 The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on symptoms of love trauma, depression, and anxiety in young women with experience of emotional failure.

Methods and Materials:

 The present study employed an applied research design and a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all women aged 20-35 who visited counseling centers in the city of Amol in the year 2022. The sample of this study consisted of 40 individuals from the research community in Amol, who were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: schema therapy (n=20) and control (n=20). Data were collected using the Ross Love Trauma Questionnaire (1999), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (1996), and the Beck Depression Inventory (1996). The schema therapy sessions, based on Young's (2005) approach, were held weekly over 10 sessions of 90 minutes each. Data were analyzed using repeated measures and SPSS-26 software.

 The results showed that schema therapy was effective on anxiety (F=18.410), depression (F=41.531), and love trauma symptoms (F=74.597) in young women with experience of emotional failure. Therefore, it can be concluded that schema therapy was effective on anxiety (F=18.410), depression (F=41.531), and love trauma symptoms (F=74.597) in young women with experience of emotional failure.

 It can be concluded that schema therapy was effective on symptoms of love trauma, depression, and anxiety in young women with experience of emotional failure.

Today, human resources is considered the most vital strategic element and the most fundamental way to increase the effectiveness of the organization. Therefore, increasing citizenship education is an inevitable necessity for any organization. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of the new group reality therapy approach and the approach based on acceptance and commitment on citizenship education among the employees of Bushehr city.The current research method is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test and control group design. The statistical population was all the employees of Bushehr city in 1400. The sample of the research was 45 employees who were selected by the available sampling method and were randomly placed in experimental groups (acceptance and commitment and reality therapy) and control. The citizenship education questionnaire (Tabesh, 2013) was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that reality therapy and an approach based on acceptance and commitment increased the citizenship education of the experimental groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). The results of the Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the effect of the approach based on acceptance and commitment on seeking participation, responsibility, self-confidence and citizenship education was significantly more than the education based on reality therapy. It is concluded that both reality therapy methods and acceptance and commitment are effective for improving employee citizenship education and these interventions can be used to increase organizational productivity.

Abstract The challenges of married life are significant and endless. This research aimed to examine the impact of schema-based couple therapy on enhancing psychological flexibility, cognitive regulation of emotions, and communication patterns of couples in Shiraz.Research  The research method used in this study was semi-experimental with a design. First, a pre-test was conducted using research tools on both groups. Then, a therapeutic intervention was carried out on the two experimental groups. Finally, a post-test was completed by both groups and three months later, the test results were compared. The statistical population consisted of couples in Shiraz city during the spring quarter of 1400. The statistical sample for the research included 30 individuals who were selected using the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The research tools used in this study included a questionnaire on the cognitive regulation of emotion, cognitive flexibility, and communication patterns of couples. The obtained data were analyzed using covariance analysis and SPSS22 software. The results showed that couple therapy based on schema affected the couple's psychological flexibility and its components, positive emotion regulation (a further increase of positive emotion regulation scores), negative emotion regulation (further decrease of negative emotion regulation scores), and psychological flexibility in the post-test and follow-up test. (P <0.01). According to the findings, it can be concluded that schema-based couple therapy is effective in improving psychological flexibility, cognitive regulation of emotions, and communication patterns of couples in Shiraz.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating cognitive-behavioral game therapy on alexithymia and reducing aggression in students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The current study was experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all students with hyperactive/inattentive disorder in Kermanshah city, from which a sample of 30 people was selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The tools of this research included cognitive behavioral game therapy protocol, Eysenck's Aggression Questionnaire (1975) and Toronto Alexithymia Questionnaire (1994). The treatment program was implemented for eight sessions of 30-45 minutes duration twice a week. The findings of covariance analysis showed that the cognitive-behavioral game therapy program significantly reduced emotional problems, alexithymia and aggression in children with hyperactivity/inattention disorder. Finally, the results showed that play therapy can be used as a suitable method to reduce children's emotional and behavioral problems.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of couple therapy based on Schoenaker encouragement approach on improving psychological flexibility, cognitive emotion regulation and communication patterns of couples in Shiraz. The research method was experimental and research design was the quasi-(semi-experimental) with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. First, the pretest was performed on both groups using research tools, then the therapeutic intervention was performed on the experimental group and the posttest was completed by both groups. Three months later, the follow-up test was performed and the results of pre-test, post-test and follow-up were compared. The statistical population included all couples in Shiraz in the spring quarter of 1400. The statistical sample ncluded 30 people (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) who were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to the two experimental and control groups. Research instruments included the Garnefski & Kraaij Cognitive Emotion Regulation (2006), Dennis and Vanderwall Cognitive Flexibility (2010) and the Adilson & Epstein Couples Communication Patterns (1982) questionnaires. The results showed that couple therapy based on Schoenaker encouragement approach had an effect on the couple's psychological flexibility and its component, positive emotion regulation (further increase of positive emotion regulation scores), negative emotion regulation (further decrease of negative emotion regulation scores) and psychological flexibility in the post-test and follow-up test. According to the research findings, it can be concluded that couple therapy based on Schoenaker encouragement approach can be used to improve psychological flexibility, cognitive emotion regulation and couples’ communication patterns.

Neurostimulation is one of the new therapeutic approaches in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, and despite its high efficiency, its mechanism of action is still unclear. On the one hand, electrical stimulation in the human brain is immoral; on the other hand, the creation of the epilepsy model in laboratory animals affects the entire brain network. As a result, one of the ways to achieve the neurostimulation mechanism is to use epileptiform activity models In vitro. In vitro models, by accessing the local network from the whole brain, we can understand the mechanisms of action of neurostimulation.  

A literature search using scientific databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, using "Neurostimulation" and "epileptiform activity" combined with "high-frequency stimulation", " low-frequency stimulation ", and "brain slices” as keywords were conducted, related concepts to the topic gathered and are used in this paper.  

Electrical stimulation causes neuronal depolarization and the release of GABAA, which inhibits neuronal firing. Also, electrical stimulation inhibits the nervous tissue downstream of the stimulation site by preventing the passage of nervous activity from the upstream to the downstream of the axon.  

Neurostimulation techniques consisting of LFS and HFS have a potential role in treating epileptiform activity, with some studies having positive results. Further investigations with larger sample sizes and standardized outcome measures can be conducted to validate the results of previous studies.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema mode therapy and impulse control training on self-control and behavioral-emotional self-efficacy in children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental: pretest-posttest and follow-up (2 months) with the control group. The statistical population of this study was all male students aged 10 to 17 years in Shiraz in the academic year 2019-2020. The research sample was 60 male students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder who were selected from male students who had a high score in Laporte et al.'s (2019) screening questionnaire by multi-stage cluster random sampling method and in two experimental groups and control group (20 people in each group) were assigned. The research instruments were structured clinical interview, adolescent emotional self-efficacy questionnaire (Dacre Pool & Qualter, 2012), behavioral self-efficacy (Choi, Fuqua, & Griffin, 2001) and self-control scale (Tangney, Baumeister & Boone, 2004). The collected data were statistically analyzed using repeated measures covariance analysis. The results showed that both subjective schema therapy and impulse control training had a significant effect on increasing self-control and behavioral-emotional self-efficacy in children with disruptive mood disorders (P≤0.001). The results of Bonferroni post hoc tests showed that there is a significant difference between impulse control training and schema mode therapy in emotional self-efficacy scores (P≤0.001). However, there was no difference in behavioral self-efficacy and self-control between the experimental groups in the post-test and follow-up stages.

Mothers of children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder face significant challenges. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based parenting education and parenting based on positive psychology on emotion regulation, resilience and mother-child relationship in the statistical population of mothers with children with disabilities. Attention / hyperactivity 8 to 12 years old boy in Tehran in 1399-1400 was a quasi-experimental research method with a pre-test-post-test design with 2 expriences group and one control group. By available sampling, 45 volunteer mothers were included in the study and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The research instruments were the Graz and Roemer Emotion Difficulty Scale, the Conroy-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Pianta Mother-Child Relationship Scale, which included parenting and commitment training based on Kevin and Morrell and Seligman's Positive Psychology training. To analyze the data, descriptive indices (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate analysis of covariance) were used in SPSS software version 22. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the parenting group based on acceptance and commitment, the parenting group based on positive psychology and the control group in the mean score of emotion regulation and mother-child relationship. But there was no significant difference in the mean resilience score, so counselors are advised to use the findings of the present study in line with clinical interventions to help better emotion regulation increase resilience and improve the quality of mother-child relationship in mothers of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of parenting education based on acceptance and commitment and parenting based on positive psychology on the mother-child relationship. The research design was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population was the mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder aged 8 to 12 years old in the 6th, 5th, and 2nd districts of Tehran city, in 2014-2016, and their number was 300. Using the available and targeted sampling method, 45 volunteer mothers were included in the study as the final sample size and were completely randomly divided into two experimental groups and a control group The tools of the current research are the mother-child relationship scale of Pianta (2011), the educational content of parenting based on acceptance and commitment by Kevin and Morrell (2009), the content of Seligman's positive psychology educational course. (2005). In order to analyze the data, descriptive indices (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate analysis of covariance) were used in SPSS software version 22. The findings indicated that, between the educational group of parenting based on On acceptance and commitment, there was a significant difference in the mean score of the mother-child relationship between the parenting training group based on positive psychology and the control group .parenting education based on positive psychology had a greater effect on mother-child relationship in mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder than parenting education based on paternalism and commitment

This study aimed to determine the efficacy of training collaborative interpersonal conflict resolution skills on social competence and emotional expressiveness in male students with signs of bullying. It was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest, control group, and two-month follow-up period. The sample consisted of male students with signs of bullying in the first secondary school of Yasouj in the academic year 2018-19. The research participants included 40 students with signs of bullying who were selected through a multistage random sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 20 students) and completed the Illinois Bullying Scale (Espelage & Holt, 2001), Social Competence Questionnaire (Felner, Lease & Philips, 1990), and Emotional Expression Questionnaire (King & Emmons, 1990). The pretest was administered to two groups before starting the intervention; afterward, the experimental group was under training in collaborative interpersonal conflict solution skills for nine weeks, although the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the intervention, both groups were taken the post-test and the follow-up test was too taken two months after the posttest. The results showed that training in collaborative interpersonal conflict resolution has a significant effect on social competence and emotional expressiveness in male students with signs of bullying. These effects continued at the follow-up stage. The findings of the present study implied that training collaborative interpersonal conflict resolution skills can be used as an efficient method to improve social competence and emotional expressiveness in male students with the signs of bullying through employing techniques such as problem-solving skill and choosing rational criteria and commitment to reach these criteria.

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of schema therapy in experiential avoidance and anxiety sensitivity of students with academic procrastination at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. It was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included students with academic procrastination studying at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2021-2022. The first sample of the research consisted of 500 students who were selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method. These people answered the academic procrastination questionnaire of Solomon and Roth Bloom (1984), and 152 of them who got at least one score higher than the standard deviation score were separated from Among them, 42 people who met the criteria for entering the research were selected and placed in two groups of 21 people (experimental and control group). The experimental group received schema therapy; however, the control group did not receive any intervention. Other tools of this research include. Reiss et al. (1986) Anxiety Sensitivity questionnaire, and Gamez et al.’s (1988) Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance questionnaire. the research hypotheses were tested through multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) through SPSS software (version 25). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and the control groups in the post-test phase in terms of experiential avoidance (p <0.0001, F = 42.81) and anxiety sensitivity (p <0.037, F = 4.67). This difference was also observed in the follow-up phase. Therefore, according to the findings of this study, schema therapy can be used to reduce experiential avoidance and the anxiety sensitivity of students with academic procrastination.

One of the important models in the study of family functioning is the McMaster family functioning model. The aim of this study was to To find a model of the strauctural the structural equations for predicting marital conflicts based On the Mc Master model of family performance with a mediating role of the attitude of infidelity in couples in Shiraz. This study was a correlational and structural equation study in which 300 conflicting couples in Shiraz were randomly selected. Participants completed the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), Family Assessment (FAD). Structural equation method and Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze the findings. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between family functioning subscales with marital conflicts and attitudes toward infidelity (P <0.05).Therefore, based on the findings of this study, it can be said that apart from the effective factors of family functioning, marital conflicts and attitudes toward infidelity in couples as mediating Can be considered for the for the improvement and stability of the family system

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of domain-specific and domain-general precursors of mathematical training on preschoolers' number sense and estimation. This study adopted a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest-follow-up design. The statistical population comprised all preschoolers in Kermanshah (Iran) in 2020. Using multi-stage cluster random sampling, a sample of 45 was selected and allocated to three groups (15 per group). The data were collected using the short form of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI), the Number Sense Screener, and the PLUS test (number estimation). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The mean (SD) of IQ was 95.91 (4.21) in the working memory group and 97.78 (3.38) and 96.66 (4.03), respectively, in the number estimation and control groups. In the linear combination of number estimation variables in terms of group membership, the group x time interaction was significant on the pretest, posttest, and follow-up (p<0.01). The difference in the mean scores of the working memory, number estimation, and control groups was also significant on the variable of number sense (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two training methods on the posttest and follow-up, and both interventions exerted the same effect on improving number sense and estimation.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of emotional self-regulation training on social competence and emotional expressiveness in male students with signs of bullying. It was an experimental study with pretest, posttest, control group, and two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included male students with signs of bullying in the first secondary school of Yasouj during the academic year 2018-2019. The research sample included 40 students with signs of bullying, who were selected through multistage random sampling and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group (each group consisted of 20 students). The research instruments included questionnaires on Illinois Bullying Scale (IBS), Social Competence (SCQ), and Emotional Expressiveness (EEQ). The pretest was administered to both groups before the intervention began. Then, the experimental group received emotional self-regulation training for nine weeks, while the control group received no intervention. After the intervention, 4 students in the experimental group and 3 students in the control group fell. At the end of the intervention, a posttest was administered in both groups, and two months after the posttest, the follow-up test was also administered. The data of the study were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS23 software. The results showed that the emotional self-regulation training had a significant effect on social skills and emotional expressiveness in male students with signs of bullying. Thus, this intervention was able to increase the social competence and emotional expression of male students with signs of bullying. The findings of the present study suggest that emotional self-regulation training can be used as an efficient method to improve social competence and emotional expression in male students with signs of bullying by using techniques such as anger control skills, emotional awareness training, increasing positive emotions, and recognizing emotions.

today human resources is considered the most vital strategic element and the most fundamental way to increase the effectiveness of the organization. Therefore, increasing psychological capital is an inevitable necessity for any organization. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of modern group reality therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological capital among the employees of Bushehr city.

The current research method is semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and control group design. The statistical population was all the employees of Bushehr city in 2022. The sample of the research was 45 employees who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental groups (acceptance and commitment therapy and reality therapy) and control. Psychological capital questionnaire (Luthans, 2007) was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that modern group reality therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy increased the psychological capital of the experimental groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). The results of post hoc Bonferroni test showed that the effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on self-efficacy, resilience psychological and capital was significantly higher than training based on reality therapy (P<0.05).

It is concluded that both modern group reality therapy methods and therapy based on acceptance and commitment are effective for improving the psychological capital of employees and these interventions can be used to increase organizational productivity.

Any problem faced by maladjusted couples has roots in their little knowledge of their own moods, emotions, and personality traits. The present study investigated the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) on marital commitment and marital burnout among couples with marital conflicts.

This quasi-experimental research was performed based on a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population consisted of all couples who visited the couple therapy clinics of Mahshahr, Iran, in 2019. Using convenience sampling, 60 participants were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The research tools included the Marital Burnout Questionnaire and Marital Commitment Questionnaire. The experimental group participated in eight sessions of SFBT, whereas the control group only received routine counseling. At the end of the intervention, participants were administered a post-test and a follow-up questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software-23.

The mean of post-test scores for marital commitment and marital burnout were 196.10±18.72 and 48.81±5.32 in the experimental group and 100.27±5.43 and 75.79±4.28 in the control groups, respectively. The results showed that the mean score of marital commitment was higher and the men score of marital burnout was lower in the experimental group than in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.001).

SFBT was effective in reducing couples’ marital burnout and improving their marital commitment. Therefore, this intervention is recommended to be used in counseling centers to reduce marital conflicts in couples

 Marriage is one of the most important interpersonal relationships that many people experience and it is a social institution based on which a man and a woman decide to live together as a couple through a legal, religious and moral obligation. They get married based on specific goals and wish to experience a stable and satisfying life. But when couples live a stable and satisfying life, they also experience conflicts in their life together. Marital conflicts are one of the common problems of couples and is due to the inconsistency of the couple in the type of their desires and expectations. Communication beliefs are also one of the factors that affect couples' relationship and according to Beck (1970) when our irrational beliefs decrease and logical beliefs replace them, marital satisfaction and compatibility will also increase. As long as couples are not aware that these thoughts are irrational and are somehow accustomed to these beliefs, they downplay and ignore their role in creating marital problems.Also, one of the effective factors in women's mental health in the process of marital life is their satisfactory sexual desires and reactions, which include physiological, psychosocial, developmental and sexual response dimensions. Understanding this cognition is problematic due to the specific research limitations, but the durability and stability of an important part of the marital relationship according to the values and norms approved by society, depends on sexual intercourse (frequency and type) between men and women and the couple talk about sex , Sexual desires and preferences and the discovery of other sexual preferences, have a great impact on establishing a marital relationship. Self-expression, which means "the ability to express feelings, thoughts and beliefs, and to defend one's rights in logical ways," has three dimensions of the power to express emotions; The power to articulate good and bad beliefs and thoughts and to make strong and clear decisions is the power to stand up for one's rights and not allow others to harm or abuse one's personal weakness. Obviously, not expressing feelings and emotions, in many cases, causes long-term sexual problems.Therefore, one of the interventions that can be used and researched in the case of people with marital conflicts is the emotional security model. The results of a study showed that emotional security training has a significant effect on women's marital conflict and its dimensions. Other findings of this study showed that emotional security training affects both dimensions of will and mental well-being neuropathy. In addition, in the case of emotion-oriented couple therapy, which is a method that is close to and somewhat overlaps with the method of emotional security, the results of Davarnia et al.'s(2014)research showed that emotion-based couple therapy training has reduced women's marital burnout. In fact, emotional security training focuses on increasing effective feelings about attachment, moderating self-esteem, and relieving oneself of unpleasant emotions such as shame. Weber is effective in increasing the emotion of happiness and reducing marital conflict.Therefore, considering the effect of emotional security training on couples' emotions and attachment, the important role of women in the family and their impact on other family members and the importance that marital beliefs, expression and sexuality can play in women's marital conflicts. Researchers and psychotherapists in Iran have not paid much attention to these preventive methods, including teaching emotional security to couples, and these methods need more scientific study. As a result, the question of the present study is whether emotional security training has a significant effect on marital beliefs, expression and sexual activity in women with marital conflicts?

In this quasi-experimental study, 50 women with marital conflicts were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Eight 90-minute sessions were held for the experimental group for 4 weeks and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Participants were measured by the Barati and Sanai (1996) Marital Conflict Questionnaire, the Idelson-Epstein (1982) Communication Beliefs, the Halbert Sexual Index (1992), and the Rosen et al. (2000) Sexual Performance Index.

The results of analysis of covariance, repeated measures test, and Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the scores of beliefs about Marital Relationship among the experimental group decreased significantly, but in the control group there was no significant decrease and the scores of Sexual Expressiveness and function among The experimental group had a significant increase, but in the control group there was no significant increase, so there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The follow-up results also showed that the effect of educational intervention was still stable.

The results of this study showed that emotional safety training has a significant effect on beliefs about marital relationship,sexual expressiveness ,sexual function in the experimental group who received the educational intervention, compared with the control group who did not receive educational intervention Significant changes were experienced in the dependent variables and also the follow-up results showed that the effect of educational intervention in the experimental group was still stable. Therefore, the hypotheses were confirmed. As a result, based on the evidence of the present study, this educational program can be used to improve the beliefs about marital relationships and sexual expressiveness and function in women with marital conflicts. The Emotional safety training Training Program helps couples become aware of each other's perceptions by providing awareness of their beliefs and perceptions in the relationship. It then uses behavioral techniques (active listening and empathy) to create a healthier perception and clearer relationships.Teaching Behavioral Techniques Increases Positive Interactions such as Identifying and Expressing Emotions, Expressing Needs and Desires Instead of Expecting Mindfulness, Apologizing, and Forgiving When Angering, and Managing Conflict Instead of Withdrawing Couples' relationships become clearer, resulting in negative beliefs. Marital relationships are improved and marital conflicts are reduced.People also learn to increase their verbal and non-verbal interactions, to show sexual self-expression, including touching, hugging and kissing in relation to their spouse, and to express their thoughts and desires and be more physically close.Therefore, although these trainings do not deal directly with sexuality, but by promoting self-esteem, reducing negative emotions such as shame and increasing positive emotions and expressing them, the ground for increasing women's sexual activity is provided. The main limitation of this study is the taboo nature of sexual issues in society, and for this reason, some participants were cautious in their answers. Therefore, it is suggested that other researchers use this type of research with other effective intervention strategies on beliefs about Marital Relationship, Sexual Expressiveness and function in women with marital conflicts.

The purpose of this research was the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on experiential avoidance, uncertainty intolerance and positive metacognitive beliefs in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The current research method is semi-experimental and the design used in this research is a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population of the research was all women suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder who referred to counseling and psychotherapy centers in Tehran in the months of February and March of 2021. The research sample included 30 women with obsessive-compulsive disorder who referred to counseling and psychotherapy centers in Tehran between February and March of 1400. Data were collected using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Questionnaire (1989), the Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire by Bond et al. (2011), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Questionnaire by Friston et al. Obtained. In this research, the protocol of Wells (2000) was used to perform metacognitive therapy, which was performed once a week for 8 sessions of 90 minutes on the experimental group. The data was analyzed using the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS software.

The findings showed that metacognitive therapy on experiential avoidance (F=13.53, P<0.001), uncertainty intolerance (F=65.25, P<0.001), and positive metacognitive beliefs (F=75.86, P<0.001) was effective in women with obsessive compulsive disorder.

It can be concluded that metacognitive therapy was effective on experiential avoidance, intolerance of uncertainty and positive metacognitive beliefs in women with obsessive compulsive disorder, and this therapy can be used to reduce the problems of obsessive-compulsive patients.