naser asadi

One of the most important problems in mining is the flow of groundwater into the pit mines. The location and amount of these waters are often dependent on the permeable zones. Therefore, geostatistical methods can be used to identify these zones. Hence, geostatistical research has been done on variable data of the rock quality designation (RQD) to identify permeable zones in the area of Takht e- Gonbad copper mine pit, Sirjan. This mine is located in Kerman province, northeast of the Sirjan city and it is an open-pit type. A total of 69 exploration boreholes have been dug in the area around the pit. During the drilling, the variable data of the RQD was recorded during a spatial distance of 3 m along the entire length of the boreholes. Identifying areas with high permeability in the rock units of the region, especially in the subsurface of the aquifer, is necessary to carry out the drainage plan in the future. In this research, geostatistical simulation methods have been used to identify permeable zones. The results of the preliminary statistics showed that the RQD has an increasing trend with increasing depth. The spatial continuity of the RQD based on the directional variogram and the spherical model was estimated about 81 meters, and was greater in the east-west direction. Finally, by geostatistical simulation, the areas with high permeability in the region have been determined which are mainly located in the northeast and southwest of the pit.

The present paper is a comprehensive empirical program of a group of faculty members in University of Sistan and Baluchestan on decreased fraud solutions for e-tests. The group views and experiences were reviewed and shared on a dedicated online platform. In early 2020, shortly after the epidemic of Covid-19 and almost simultaneously with the opening of universities, this platform was established to share the experiences related to applying e-learning methods for courses that were mainly in person so far. This is a qualitative interpretative phenomenology study. Materials, views, measures, and recommendations of a group of faculty members for decreased cheating in online tests were classified under some headings. In addition to the literature review, the most effective solutions to increase awareness and enhance students’ continence and honesty against the tendency to cheat and practical suggestions to reduce students’ fraud in online tests were provided. Research samples included faculty members of basic sciences, education and psychology, and engineering. Hence, however, some proposed strategies and approaches are widely used in a particular educational field and may be less practical in some other specialized areas.

Exesive use of various media in the information and communication age, is concernig issue that poses many potential risks for adolescents and young people. Hence, they need the intervention of their parents and educators. The present study is a survey to identify parental control measures to protect children from the media and to introduce competent authorities to enhance children's media literacy. The statistical population of this study was the parents of high school students in Tehran in the academic year 2009-2010. For this study, 327 people were selected by cluster sampling. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by alpha test and 0.82, its validity was confirmed by referring to specialists and university professors by a formal method. Findings showed that parents mostly use active or constructive intervention methods to take care of their children in interaction with the media and mostly consider this method as suitable for media intervention. There was a corelation between parents' demographic characteristics and their level of consent to their children's use of news media, and the type of caring measures. There was also a relationship between the educational area and parental care measures

Hydrochemistry and quality of the groundwater resources in the Hassanabad-Dehchahe plain were studied. According to the hydrograph of plain, water table was decreased about five meters during the statistical period of 13 years (2005-2017) and groundwater flow direction was from the west toward the northeast and the east. The iso-EC map showed a degradation of the water quality in the north and northwest of the study area while the groundwater quality was fairly good in the south of the region. According to the Schoeller diagram, except in one well, other groundwater samples were acceptable for drinking in the study area. Also, Wilcox diagram showed, most of the samples had fair quality for irrigation used. The mineral saturation indices shown, most of the groundwater samples were undersaturated with respect to anhydrite, gypsum and halite, and the groundwater tends to dissolve these three minerals and this affects on the groundwater chemistry. Ions ratio showed concentration of Ca and Mg is higher than bicarbonate while increasing sulfate can be due to the dissolution of sulfate minerals and reduction of Ca was due to direct cation exchange, dolomitization and or deposition of calcite. Highest salinity in the groundwater of study area were found in the dug wells. This resulted from evaporation effect on irrigation water and groundwater that confirmed by stable isotopes 2H and 18O approach. Increasing of the salinity in the groundwater had a good correlation with decreasing in the water table in the study area. Water table decreased due to low precipitation and over exploitation of the groundwater. Therefore, low rainfall, higher residence time of groundwater in the depths were caused the EC of discharged groundwater increased during time. Finally, research shows that a brackish water intrusion is happing into the freshwater aquifer as a result of high groundwater extraction.

In recent years, rising water table has been reported in many cities of the world. Groundwater and engineering structures are interconnected; therefore, water table fluctuations in these areas can affect structures. Mashhad city is one of the major metropolises in Iran and due to indigenous population and tourists, it needs various resources to supply water. The city water needs are supplied from the Mashhad aquifer, Dousti dam and other catchment areas. The water table uplift in Mashhad city created a problem when commercial and residential complexes with a depth of more than 20 meters of excavation with the arrival of significant amounts of water to the lower classes were encountered. In addition, due to the lack of necessary measures due to the declining groundwater level in the past years; the encroachment on water during the drill of the second metro tunnel has caused serious problems. The lack of full development of drainage systems and municipal sewage networks have led to an increase in rising groundwater levels in some parts of the city. Also, the development of urbanization and the ever-increasing depth of excavation in urban areas may sometimes have impacts on the ground water situation. Therefore, approach of this research is to assess the major factors effecting on the groundwater uplift in Mashhad city. In order to determine the relationship of these factors with water table fluctuations, time series analysis was used in both time and frequency domains. One way is to move up. According to the groundwater hydrograph, a decreasing trend are observed during the years 2005-2009. While, from 2009 to 2014, these fluctuations followed the uptrend. Time series analysis shown, due to existence of impermeable surface in the city, low infiltration of rainfall in the soil and water table depth more than 5m, rainfall and evaporation did not have a tangible impact on the fluctuations in groundwater levels in these areas. The annual expansion of the sewage network and the transfer of wastewater collected to wastewater treatment plants with a lag tome 1 to 2 months have a significant effect on reducing the water table in areas with sewage network; While in areas without sewage network, due to the penetration of water from septic wells into ground water, it increases the level of water in these areas. The arrival of more than 800 million cubic meters of water from the Dousti dam and reduction of more than 40 percent of discharged groundwater in Mashahd aquifer with lag time 1 to 2 months, are the most influential factors in groundwater uplift. The lack of development of sewage networks in the southern regions and some parts of central Mashhad city has led to an increase in groundwater levels in these areas. Due to the extraction of soil from saturated and unsaturated zones during the drilling of the 2nd line of metro and the development of excavation and construction of civil engineering projects in the city's central area, especially around the Imam Reza's holy shrine, soil porosity has been decreased. This porosity was previously filled with water. But they are now occupied by impenetrable materials. Therefore, the water has been forced to migrate to other places. The aim of this research is to assess the major factors affecting on the groundwater uplift in Mashhad city, Iran. In order to determine the relationship of these factors with water table fluctuations, time series analysis was used in both time and frequency domains. Results show lag times between water table with rainfall/evaporation, transferred water (Dousti Dam) to the town, discharged water from aquifer, expansion of sewage network in region with network and region without network were 9, 2-3, 3-4, 1-2, 3-4, 2-3 and 3-4 months respectively. In this study a calculated drawdown by exploitation from aquifer equals 0.5 m, the calculated rising equals 0.44 m due to transferred water from Dousti Dam, the expected groundwater rising equals 2.7 m in region without sewage network and an expected drawdown equals 1 m (if no water was transferred from Dousti dam). Also, effects of excavation in line 2 of subway and urban foundation digging on the groundwater and soil properties were studied. Results show that the water storage capacity in saturated/unsaturated zones have been reduced and water table raised about 1.25 m in the town aquifer.

This research was conducted to compare the water quality of the major rivers of Azna city in Lorestan province. For this purpose information on the chemical parameters of the 4 rivers of Kamandan, Marbareh, Darehtakht and ChamZaman was prepared in the April of years 2001, 2006, 2012, 2016 and 2017. For compare the water quality of these rivers for drinking, farming and determining the water type, Shouler, Wilcox and Piper charts were drawn. Samples are within the range of WHO and ISIRI. Calcium has the highest amount of cation and The highest amount of anion is bicarbonate. The amount of SAR increased in rivers from years 2012 to 2016; Altogether, the Kamanan River in year 2017 has been of the best quality for farming and drinking. The quality of rivers in the city is good and in different years the important quality elements of rivers are in the standard of Iran and the world. The results of the Piper diagram show that the water type of the studied stations is calcium-bicarbonate and magnesium-bicarbonate. According to Schuler and Wilcox Diagrams, it can be concluded that overall the rivers have good quality for drinking and are suitable and slightly saline for agriculture.

Imam Khomeini’s foreign policy discourse, in spite of having confident strategic and diplomatic basics, is ideological. The Islamic revolution organizes the focus of his discourse. The Islamic revolution founder`s foreign policy discourse is based on a strong ridging between the self and the other. In this other-making logic, the international system is divided into two domains: the suppressor and the suppressed. This paper, regarding the leadership discourse of Ayatollah Khamenei, is to show that this discourse is the logical outcome of Imam’s discourse in an evolutionary environment. The special internal, regional and international conditions and the characteristics of Ayatollah Khamenei have moved him towards forming a more pragmatic reading in the framework of interactionism discourse against the dominating system. The discourse is the extract of Iran’s foreign policy that articulates the three notions of revolutionary Islam, social security and national interests besides each other in different proportions. In this logic, the two blocks of the dominator and the dominated are placed against each other and the identity-other, difference logicequivalence chain make the international system meaningful. This article, after schematizing the interactionism discourse against the dominating system, makes the basics of the world division and its divergences and convergences prominent by surveying the two concepts of identity and the other and the chain of equivalence and the difference logic.