naser ghasemi

According to Article 302 of the Islamic Penal Code of Iran (April 21, 2013), if someone commits an offence against Mahduraldam and a person who deserve to die, she/he is excluded from talion (Qisas) and wergild (Diya). Article 303 also stipulates that if the perpetrator commits a crime believing that the victim is Mahduraldam and can prove this belief, talion will not applicable and he/she will be convicted to wergild and Ta’aziri punishment. This research has investigated the conflicting cases of legislator prescribing crimes against a person who deserve to die (Mahduraldam) by normal people. The corollary is that the provisions of articles 302 and 303 of the Islamic Penal Code are in conflict with some of the principles and rules of Islamic jurisprudence such as the principle of the presumption of innocence, the principle of caution in issuing death penalty and peoples honor (precautionary principle in blood and peoples honor), The principle of legality of offences and punishment (the principle of execution of punishment by Imam (or Judge) and authorized persons on his behalf), the jurisprudential principle of respecting Muslim blood in general sense and the principle of human dignity.To resolve not only the existing conflicts but also preventing private justice and maintain the order and security of citizens, the authors seek to propose to the activists of legislative criminal policy of Iran that the aforementioned articles should be deleted from Islamic Penal Code or amended in such a way that no one can easily resort to get rid of punishment. This paper has been performed based on the descriptive-analytical research method with a critical approach.

the history of criminal law, criminalization and the determination the limits of criminal responsibility have been foreseen as basic right for governments.it must be acknowledged that failure to observe the basic principles (principle of damages) to exercise this right will result in restrictions the freedom of individuals and criminal inflation.From this point of view,the channel of the basic principles of justification of criminalization as well as the principle of freedom of individuals creates certain duty for the governments that they will not have the right to criminalize regardless of these principles;On the other hand, non-observance of these cases,due the failure of the penal system,burdens the government with the task of decriminalizing the behavior,and the government should always try provide compensation to the victims rather than criminalization.Therefore,in this article,we examine the principle of damage the confrontation between criminalization and decriminalization,and the meantime,we examine the consequences of these cases the realization of Interpol's upcoming policy and strategy regarding crime prevention.

article is written with analytical-descriptive way.

According to the principle of criminal economy,the application the principle of damage will bring restrictions on criminalization and decriminalization of crimes without damage and providing other alternatives;Even if the crime is committed,restorative justice system will play effective role decriminalization.Because the purpose the intervention the victim in the criminal process is more than the punishment of the criminal,to compensate for the damage.Also,the framework of the statute of Interpol in order to prevent the occurrence of crime,it is possible to use the results of criminological theories such as labeling theory,even if in a minimal way,to carry out complete and incomplete decriminalization and non-criminal responses such as replaced compensation in order to prevent secondary deviation and realize non-criminal prevention And also,by implementing the recommendations of international conventions for criminalization,she implemented the view of criminal prevention

Entering the market and exchanging money and goods in some cases is accompanied by disputes arising from this. For this purpose, according to the foundations, goals, economic functions and different dimensions of these markets, some principles should be introduced as the legal principles underlying the legal system of the securities market. The principle of market fairness, the principle of market transparency, and the principle of market order and supervision can be mentioned as the principles governing the securities markets. These general principles can include more detailed principles such as fair competition, equality in the possibility of using information, non-discrimination and fair access to the market. It seems that the important principles of proceedings in dealing with crimes related to the stock exchange in Iran cover more general aspects of legal relations due to the presence of judicial authorities in the arbitration board and guaranteeing the implementation of the law.

Smuggling is a type of undesirable trade that ignores trading regulations and disrupts the country's economic development goals and plans. In the legal texts of our country, some examples of smuggling are known as violations and some of them are called crimes. The current research, which was carried out by descriptive-analytical method, has shown that goods smuggling occurs in two ways: by abusing the intelligence of the perpetrators and by relying on the physical strength of the perpetrator. Although at first glance it seems that the criminalization of smuggling has been done to protect the financial rights of the government and prevent the perpetrators from evading customs duties; But a closer look at the examples of this crime shows that there are several reasons for smuggling criminalization; Such as providing public health, protection of natural resources, preservation and protection of national and religious identity. The purpose of this article is firstly to criminalize all examples of smuggling and secondly to determine differential punishment for different forms of smuggling in the legal texts so that each form of this crime be answered according to the range of evil effects it leaves behind.

Just as identifying violations and crimes in the stock exchange is important, in the next  stage, the process and manner of dealing with such violations and crimes is important because by identifying the weaknesses and strengths in dealing with these matters, we can realized its effectiveness. In dealing with disputes in the market, the jury and  in the violations section of the Committee to investigate violations and in the field of crimes are the judicial authorities. This study aims to review the process of dealing with violations and crimes of stock exchanges and securities in Iran and the United Arab Emirates and to evaluate its strengths and weaknesses. Basically, the system of dealing with violations and crimes related to the stock exchange is very important in order to effectively support these guarantees in different countries, among which, a comparative study of the system of investigating crimes and violations in Iran and the United Arab Emirates is the subject of research .

Service providers, developers and content producers in cyber space are often non-governmental natural/legal entities. Therefore, ensuring the security of this space depends on the responsible participation and association of nongovernmental organizations with the police in the process of crime prevention and cyber security. In the domestic arena, all individuals and institutions related to cyber activities can directly participate in the security of the cyberspace and be reliable partners of the police, but the main problem in this regard is the way to organize and use and the communication model of these partners with the police in the international arena. And the range of police powers.

The current research is descriptive-analytical and "applied" in terms of its purpose. The method of data collection is also a library with a chip removal tool.

The security of cyberspace, policies, strategies, programs and preventive measures in it are significantly dependent on the private sector, and security in this space should be provided with the view of maximum participation and above all, it should be based on interaction and use of capacity. be in the private sector. Cooperation with the private sector, especially to monitor the main entrances of Internet communication and border crossings, data storage and communication infrastructure, and systems carrying national big data to prevent penetration, variability, maintain integrity and credibility, and exchange secure content. and healthy and awareness-raising and the adoption of appropriate technical measures in parallel with the observance of the fundamental rights of individuals through helping the coherence and coordination of programs centered on the police should be followed for the inherent duty of crime prevention and detection.

conclusion of cooperation memoranda, establishment of international institutions and organizations between the police of Islamic countries, acceleration of the creation of a national information network by using the capacity of the private sector and formulation of frameworks for the cooperation of the private sector with the police by using the capacity of Haya Rapid response teams, establishing contact points with the private sector, especially in the international arena, can help the police in cooperation with the private sector to ensure the security of cyber space.

The present study seeks to make a comparative study of the nature of the material element of premeditated murder in Iranian and UAE law from the perspective of political geography. Therefore, according to the thematic documents presented in this study, a comparative and descriptive-analytical method has been used by following the cases mentioned in this issue in the books of jurists and texts of Emirati and Iranian law. The findings of this study show that, firstly, in the discussion of jurisprudence and law, it can be said that the material element of murder in law is the act of murder and in Sharia is consistent with the destruction of the human soul, and the causal relationship in law with The relationship between cause and effect corresponds to the act of the perpetrator and the victim, that is, there is no intermediary means of murder between them, which is reflected in the criminal law of both countries according to Islamic law and jurisprudence. The material element of premeditated murder In the law of both countries, it can be concluded that the material element of the crime of premeditated murder is realized in spite of three elements: aggression against the life of the victim, then the death of the victim and finally This issue is related to the material element of premeditated murder in the law of the two countries. Thirdly, by comparing the legal system of Iran and the UAE regarding the material element of premeditated murder, it can be concluded

Today, the use of pesticides somehow indicates just some of deterioration of agricultural standards. Due to the effects of the pesticide contaminants in animal and human life, our country's commitment to the implementation of related rules and regulations, Improve the quality and utilization of pesticides is much more accurate. In this Regard, the role of organizations such as the judiciary, the Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of Health, Agricultural Jihad, Plant Protection Organization, it is clear in the formulation and implementation of rules and regulations related to pesticides. In this Study, Explanation the legal status and managerial governing the production and consumption of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, is considered legal aspects, environmental and executive management. Ahead cross-sectional study based on the principles and methods, and this research has been done on the basis of library studies and official statistics. According to the study about the legal status and managerial governing the production and consumption of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, legal, environmental, managerial and administrative aspects are mentioned. In the Light of what has been reached by this study, Exploration of Rules and regulations related to pesticides in Iran, as well as Effective approaches and strategies in the light of the existing procedures to control pests and pesticides has been Studied. Results, Shows the limitation rules in the excretion of toxins pests in Iran and it does seems that, these rules must be complemented through effective framework that can better model to be implemented.

Ghassan Kanafani is one of the most famous Palestinian writers and combatants, whose books, stories, and specially his plays are best examples of books, stories and plays and are a method for all his followers, and an exemplary for every writer who writes on Palestine and the Resistance. Al-qubba'a wa al-nabi (The Hat and The Prophet) is one of his most famous plays which has eight characters, of them the defendant character is the character of hero that represents Ghassan the combatant. Considering the structure, plot and other elements of the play, it seems that the writers seeks to address and stimulate the audience and human society to participate in the continuity of the issues and events and their results. This method is same as Brecht's one in writing epic plays. Therefore, the present study seeks to analyze this play on the basis of defamiliarization technique by use of a descriptive-analytic method. The results of the study includes the playwright's effort to encourage and stimulate audience to make changes out of the text and convert him/ her from an static audience to a dynamic one through participation in the events of this play.

The concept of time is considered as one of the most important elements of a literary work and its artistic creation is a diagram of the author's power and adds an aesthetic view of the text. Unlike most traditionalists who use chronological time to explain and calculate narrative time, modern writers have disrupted the plot by using this basic element and the features of Anachronism. Russian formalists have been pioneers in explaining the mechanisms of narrative time.
This study intends to use a structural-analytical method, while examining the Anachronism in the artistic structure of the drama AL"Sarir" for Youssef Al-Ani, to deal with how and methods of using time components in the plot of this drama. And continuity is profitable. And with artistry, he has used all the components of time, Flash back, Flash Forward, expansion and contraction.
The results of this research show that the linear chronological time order is disrupted during the use of narrative time. In the meantime, the external retrospectiveness of the preface has filled the gaps in the story, created a variety of narratives, and introduced his characters. Forecasts are often mixed. Descriptive pauses have a special dynamism. In this play, unlike the classical narrative methods, implicit omission is more than obvious omission.

The entry of the government into the circle of permissible behaviors and the criminalization of some of them have certain bases. The mere fact that the norm is fundamental is not a reason for criminal intervention. Because the norms are not equally important, the legislature cannot treat them all the same, because the subject matter of all prohibited behaviors is different, and the proof of this claim in the field of criminal law is the difference in the amount of punishment that the legislator considered for crimes. Of course, the fact that a behavior is outside the scope of criminal law does not necessarily mean that the behavior is permissible. "infringement" refers to the existence of some forbidden behaviors, which in the interval between crimes and permissions, has been called " infringement ". In fact, the damage caused by committing "infringement" is not enough to make these acts worthy of entering the field of "crimes". This is where "infringement" comes into play and is known as the "infringement law" as a new field in law.

In the Code of Criminal Procedure adopted in 1392 in the field of execution of sentences and in the discussion of respect for the rights of convicts and convicts and supervision of prisoners, useful measures have been taken. The purpose of criminal proceedings is to achieve the realization of the crime and its attribution and the realization of the criminal responsibility of the accused and the punishment or security and educational measures for the convict to be implemented in a timely manner so that no criminal remains unpunished and unreformed in society. Execution of the sentence, lack of access to the residence and residence of the convicted person, failure to introduce the convicted person to execute the sentence by the guarantor or guarantor, imprisonment of the convicted person, or obstacles of judicial origin can be mentioned as lack of supervision over the lawsuit and notice The judge also sentenced corporal punishment, including life imprisonment and corporal punishment for amputation and flogging, or negative punishment and restriction of liberty, rights and dignity, including imprisonment, deportation and deprivation of residence in the border strip and expulsion or expulsion from the country. Compulsory residence in a certain place or financial punishment, including blood money, fines, confiscation, confiscation and destruction of property, is supervised, and the case will not be closed until the sentence is carried out.

Most organizations and companies have hierarchical structures, and appropriate models are required to measure the efficiency of this kind of network systems. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a well-known method introduced for measuring the relative efficiency of a set of decision-making units (DMUs) that use multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. Conventional DEA models usually generate misleading results while evaluating the performance of network systems. The present study aims at developing suitable models for measuring the efficiency of hierarchical structures using the centralized and non-cooperative leader-follower game models. In the proposed method, the divisional efficiencies (within an organization) and the overall efficiency of the organization are calculated. The proposed models are applied to assess the performance of 20 schools in Iran. The results of the two proposed models show that none of the schools are efficient, suggesting that these schools do not optimally utilize their resources. The application of the results of the proposed models enables managers to identify inefficient sub-units and develop strategies to improve their performance.

The use of images taken by the physician during the treatment and care of the patient can endanger the patient's privacy and image rights and lead to the disclosure of the patient's identity. The right to confidentiality of the patient's image therapy in the legal sphere is included in the category of the right to personality and in the realm of Islamic law is in the category of the sin against mankind. On the other hand, these images provide a unique opportunity for physicians in education and research. Given that based on the rights of persons to their image, no one can take a photo or video without the consent of a person, today, some domestic legal systems have provided the conditions for proper use of patient images to protect patients' rights and prevent possible disputes between physician and patient. Non-disclosure of patient identity, informed consent, and safe maintenance are the three main conditions in using patient images. Due to the necessity of finding the right to privacy of patient medical images, the present study, through a descriptive-analytic method, aims to achieve the principles and criteria of protection of this right for legislation in Iran by reviewing and analyzing the results of scientific theories and legal approaches of international centers such as the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the Canadian Medical Protective Association has considered and western countries such as Australia, England, and Canada.

The issue of recognizing cryptocurrencies has become an important topic of discussion among experts in many disciplines with the development of emerging blockchain technology and the growing demand for digital currencies. This new type of money, which is expected to become the common currency of the 21st century, moves in the form of encrypted codes between individuals or entities connected to peer-to-peer networks. Blockchain technology also plays a major role in the development process of this type of currency and its decentralized transactions. Cryptocurrencies are at the forefront of world economic and financial development today. This has created numerous opportunities and threats in financial markets around the world and has attracted the attention of a significant number of governments, economic actors, and citizens. Accordingly, the number of actors involved in the cryptocurrency trade has increased dramatically in recent years. In this paper, an attempt is made to examine the performance of cryptocurrencies, their impact on the economy, and the threats and opportunities for the development of this technology by studying the experience of three East Asian countries in a descriptive-analytical manner that are pioneers in this field. Due to the novelty of this field of study, the present study is divided into descriptive and explanatory sections.

The inclusion of the rule of maintaining order in preserving the unity of Islam is one of the precepts of Imami jurisprudence. In the meantime, the Imam has not only considered the preservation of the political system of the Islamic government within the realm of the preservation of the unity of Islam, but has also relied on the rule of preservation of the system in support of economic independence. The purpose of this study is to explain in the first step why the rule of maintaining order from preserving the unity of Islam to maintaining the political system of the Islamic government and in the second step, to determine the justification for applying the rule of maintaining political order in supporting economic independence from Imam's perspective. The results of this research are based on the fact that Imam, in addition to presenting rational-theological arguments in the light of the principles of expediency, the necessity of the obligatory introduction, and the presentation of the important over the important, have entered the concept of maintaining the political system of the Islamic government. On the other hand, the jurisprudential rules of denying the mustache, the sanctity of strengthening the infidels and the harmless can be used as justification bases for applying the rule of maintaining order .

Not only are moral dilemmas considered among the most controversial issues of moral philosophy in the recent decades, but they are also posed in the fields of humanities such as law and jurisprudence. When we attempt to solve a moral dilemma, we follow a process of moral reasoning, we explore available data, and we take into consideration certain consequences with respect to these data and the moral standards. Individuals are sometimes seen to make wrong decisions and display unacceptable behavior in facing relevant situations due to their negligence or their poor knowledge of the standards and skills of making decisions. In this article, I study this subject as a theme in applied ethics and as an epistemic issue related to criminal law in the light of moral philosophy and jurisprudential principles, and some Iranian regulations. The question at issue in this study is “what is a moral dilemma? What kind of benefit does it bring to criminal law? And how can we get out of the current situation?” The method of this inquiry is descriptive and analytical while library research methodology and interdisciplinary approach are used.

The main issue presented in this article, which is going to review the rights to a healthy environment and the prohibition of air pollution, in particular dust, now has become an issue that needs national solidity and regional interactions for a solution; and to enable the decrease of the pollution for the affected countries as well. Dust is a phenomenon that is the result of an environmental crisis. The absence of international rules, as well as uncertainty in states’ obligations toward each other, have complicated this crisis on the regional and international levels. The main goal of this article is first, recognizing the Customary and general principles that are existing in Iranian laws to arrange regional programs to decrease and diminish the dust phenomenon. Second, the article intends to raise sensitivity in people toward the critical and dangerous conditions of environmental pollutions. Third, it is going to lay legal and executive grounds to increase the local institutions and international organizations’ responsibilities for such issues. However, the main question in this article, with descriptive-analytical approach, is: in the absence of binding and identified international and regional obligations regarding dust, in what ways affected governments could protect the right to a healthy environment for their citizens? Based on this question, one can conclude that even though the affected governments do not maintain reciprocating conventions, the international customary law and local legal general principles of those countries conform to the governments’ obligation; and suggest that they take action against any harm, in particular, the environmental irreparable harm to their citizens.

In this article, an attempt has been made to review the measures in question in the Middle East, citing the international custom in the field of requirements and responsibilities in order to control dust. In this article, the legal requirements and regulations in the field of long-term and transboundary pollution (such as the precautionary principle and similar principles) are studied, along with examples of internationally accepted commitments and memoranda, and considering the problems in the Eastern region. And the requirements of the commitments and memoranda of understanding approved in this region have been analyzed in a descriptive-analytical manner with a comparative approach. In the end, according to the environmental situation of the region, the author makes some suggestions in the field of quantities and shortcomings in the commitments and memorandums of the region. Certainly, formulating the principles of a regional convention to prevent and curb the dust phenomenon, using the successful experience of Southeast Asian countries, is not only functionally important, but also legally helpful for critical situations. Utilizing contractual obligations in drafting regional conventions to deal with the phenomenon of particulate matter will be more efficient and enforceable than conventional obligations. The need to adopt judicial, legal and executive measures at the regional level; Including the implementation of policies prohibiting the change of use of forest, wetland and river lands; And the draft executive plan for multilateral cooperation between the countries of the region to deal with dust is one of the proposed measures. Despite the efforts of international environmental organizations; The results of this study show that without a regional convention to control particulate matter and other environmental crises, it will not be possible to solve the problem.

Semiotics deals with the life of signs within social reality. The task of this knowledge is to search for meanings and hidden meanings in the sign system, whether linguistic or non-linguistic. Given that literary texts are part of linguistic and non-linguistic signs, semiotics provides researcher with more accurate reading and interpretation of the text. This research seeks to examine the linguistic codes in the national poems of Badawi al-Jabal using descriptive-analytic method and semiotics. His national poems due to having new semiotic dimensions familiarize the reader with the ideas that he wanted to convey to the reader. This study addresses the nationalistic aspects of Badawi’s poetry in the four axioms of aesthetics, semiotics of time and place, the semiotics of author and intertextuality. The symbols in Badawi’s poetry are not accidental, but are derived from his intellectual approach to life and the world. The poet, using linguistic signs, added tremendous power and influence to his poetry to deepen the audience's sense regarding these signs. In addition, it helped the reader discover the hidden aspects of the text . One of the most important results of this study is that the poet uses these signs to illustrate concepts such as love of patriotism, displacement, return to homeland and the calamities of time along with expressing emotions. By creating literary images, the poet animated his poems, released them from explicit clauses, and compelled the audience to search the text in depth.

Supervision of financial institutions, especially banks, in terms of implementing anti-terrorist financing laws and regulations is one of the most important issues highlighted in international instruments, and countries should work to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the system. There are various methods for supervising financial institutions, the most famous of which are the adaptive method and the risk-taking method. The adaptive approach, or the "one rule for all" approach, means that observers must inspect all of their supervised entities equally and use the same tools and make specific and similar decisions to break a rule. but, in a risk-based or risk-based approach, the amount of oversight is determined by the extent to which a financial institution is threatened and vulnerable. Achieve the goal of managing and reducing terrorist financing risks. In other words, in this approach, achieving this goal replaces by ensuring compliance with the law in financial institutions. The implementation of this strategy requires the establishment of legal bases and the implementation of executive measures; Therefore, on the one hand, the purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of implementing a risk-based monitoring strategy in the light of the legal principles accepted in Iran's legislative criminal policy and on the other hand, to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the executive criminal policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In the field of supervision of financial institutions, this has been tried to achieve it by descriptive method.

In the legislature, regulators have no obligation to use risk-based methods and their decisions are not well supported. Existing performance guarantees, in addition to not being sufficient, are merely aimed at violating the prescribed rules. The supervisors have not been given the necessary authority, especially to enforce disciplinary guarantees in the event of violations of anti-terrorist financing regulations. In the field of executive criminal policy, a review of the instructions and procedures shows that in the market entry stage, it is sufficient to inquire only about criminal records; While, firstly, not all criminals are convicted, and secondly, criminals typically use covert means to obtain a license and keep their identities secret. In the field of periodic inspections, the need to provide information alone is not enough and there is no responsibility for supervisors to create a risk profile and provide a clear correction plan. The guidelines issued so far also promote a more law-abiding approach and focus on enforcing anti-money laundering regulations; Although these provisions are largely similar to those of terrorism financing, specific provisions on terrorist financing, such as how to seize terrorist assets and identify suspicious terrorist financing operations and transactions, have not been considered.  Accordingly, in order to improve the effectiveness of Iran's criminal policy in relation to the financing of terrorism, in the first place, the issue of legal principles, especially the obligation of supervisors to use risk management methods, and violation of their decisions should be accompanied by heavy enforcement guarantees. Then, in the executive field, first, by measuring the risks of financing terrorism, applicants for obtaining a license for financial and non-financial activities should adopt an efficient method to prevent criminals and their associates from entering the financial markets; second, a national risk assessment must be conducted to ensure that regulators' information resources are largely adequate. Third, the necessary steps, such as creating a risk profile and drawing up a correctional plan for supervised entities by supervisors in each of the financial areas, must be taken. Fourth, violations of the correctional program must be addressed by disciplinary action by supervisors and the guarantee of administrative and judicial enforcement by the judiciary and related nstitutions. Fifth, guidance documents should be prepared and published in the field of detecting suspicious transactions and operations, as well as anti-terrorist financing regulations.

Among the common anomalies that law enforcement and judicial authorities deal with are the discovery of some types of cold weapon by someone. In the single article of the law approved in 1396, based on the annexation of two notes to Article 617 of the Penal Code tazirat of 1375, the Iranian legislator carried some cold weapons if they were carried out for the purpose of conflict and assault; It has also criminalized the import, production and supply of weapons under this regulation. The purpose of this study is to investigate some important aspects of this issue. The crime is an absolute, total and material crime. In this regulation, only real weapons are considered and not fake weapons; The examples of weapons in the above regulation are exclusive and not allegorical; The production and supply of some cold weapons in some cities as handicrafts is not a crime, but it is necessary to impose some legal restrictions in this regard. Determining the competent authority to investigate the crime in question, given the difference in this issue, is another finding of this research. Legal action through criminalization of these behaviors is a necessary and relatively deterrent condition, not a sufficient condition and a fundamental factor in the prevention and treatment of the abovementioned abnormalities; Therefore, it must first be in the field of norms; Then, in the field of nonlegislation, such as appropriate measures through guilds and restricting the producers of some cold steel weapons in the form of handicrafts; Finally, it took appropriate action through legislation, especially criminal law.

The process of reporting an illegal occurrence in a structure is called whistle-blowing by the person in the same structure or outside it. The whistle-blowing is divided into different types depending on who does it and direct communication with Corruption or a fraudulent act. Although not widely used in the legal literature of the world, it has a rich history in the fight against economic and administrative corruption in terms of the performance of the person doing it. Today, whistle-blowing has received the attention of many lawmakers in the countries. And domestic legal systems and numerous laws have been enacted about that. Providing a precise definition of whistleblowing and revealing its nature regarding its evolution from the past to the present, as well as its relevance to modern journalism activities and evaluating the benefits of whistleblowing compared to other costly methods of discovering economic corruptions while examining the legal systems of selected countries and the strengths and weaknesses of existing laws in Iranian law is The Noteworthy of this Research.

Undoubtedly, Arabic poetry, by utilizing its artistic aesthetics, can be a good basis for reflecting the poets’ ideas in a hard and firm context. This study seeks to find aesthetic examples in the poems of Saleh al-Kawaz al-Halli about Fatima al-Zahra (PBUH) and to examine the stylistics of those poems in three phonetic, morphological, and syntactic levels. This research uses the stylistic method because it has features such as extracting meanings from linguistic phenomena in the text. At the phonetic level, we have found that very long voices have been used more with the motive of expressing distress and remembrance of the Prophet (PBUH) than the short and soft voices. At the morphological level, the poet, with his special taste for expressing the greatness and importance of this issue, has used verb conjugation (fa`al) to emphasize its exaggeration and its plurality. The use of this verb is in line with the general atmosphere of the poem. At the syntactic level, the poet has used the emphasis in various ways to pay attention to the historical events that have been described in the text by the enemies of the Prophet (PBUH) and his family.

Medicine is a science that human beings have long accepted and felt the necessity of its existence in their lives and has used it a lot. Among these applications is the intersection of medicine with the very important subject of judgment and various legal issues, in other words, forensic medicine, which is rooted in ancient times and ancient civilizations such as Sumer, Babylon, especially the Hammurabi era and among nations, especially ancient Iran. Time has also brought about significant changes in this area. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, various sciences such as medicine have achieved significant growth and prosperity; forensic medicine has evolved along with these advances and has enjoyed a very important place in both theoretical and practical dimensions in all countries. Benefiting from this science means applying medical knowledge in various fields: 1. Social 2. Medical affairs 3. Law and justice that the latter realm is more important, because on the one hand medicine, jurisprudence, laws and regulations to It has linked each other, and on the other hand, has led to connections between specialists in various medical fields and related fields with the judiciary and lawyers. Relying on specialized theories and legal criteria, forensic medicine answers questions, ambiguities, and challenges related to various civil and criminal matters about individuals and their circumstances, including suspicions, damages, and defendants through liability, damages, and penalties. Legal issues, accidents and crimes occur, the rights of individuals and society, the strengthening of scientific knowledge of judges, researchers and law students help a lot and in order to perform its duties to prepare certificates and reports and provide effective advice.