دکتر ناصر قاسمی

Ghassan Kanafani is one of the most famous Palestinian writers and combatants, whose books, stories, and specially his plays are best examples of books, stories and plays and are a method for all his followers, and an exemplary for every writer who writes on Palestine and the Resistance. Al-qubba'a wa al-nabi (The Hat and The Prophet) is one of his most famous plays which has eight characters, of them the defendant character is the character of hero that represents Ghassan the combatant. Considering the structure, plot and other elements of the play, it seems that the writers seeks to address and stimulate the audience and human society to participate in the continuity of the issues and events and their results. This method is same as Brecht's one in writing epic plays. Therefore, the present study seeks to analyze this play on the basis of defamiliarization technique by use of a descriptive-analytic method. The results of the study includes the playwright's effort to encourage and stimulate audience to make changes out of the text and convert him/ her from an static audience to a dynamic one through participation in the events of this play.

Semiotics deals with the life of signs within social reality. The task of this knowledge is to search for meanings and hidden meanings in the sign system, whether linguistic or non-linguistic. Given that literary texts are part of linguistic and non-linguistic signs, semiotics provides researcher with more accurate reading and interpretation of the text. This research seeks to examine the linguistic codes in the national poems of Badawi al-Jabal using descriptive-analytic method and semiotics. His national poems due to having new semiotic dimensions familiarize the reader with the ideas that he wanted to convey to the reader. This study addresses the nationalistic aspects of Badawi’s poetry in the four axioms of aesthetics, semiotics of time and place, the semiotics of author and intertextuality. The symbols in Badawi’s poetry are not accidental, but are derived from his intellectual approach to life and the world. The poet, using linguistic signs, added tremendous power and influence to his poetry to deepen the audience's sense regarding these signs. In addition, it helped the reader discover the hidden aspects of the text . One of the most important results of this study is that the poet uses these signs to illustrate concepts such as love of patriotism, displacement, return to homeland and the calamities of time along with expressing emotions. By creating literary images, the poet animated his poems, released them from explicit clauses, and compelled the audience to search the text in depth.

Saadallah Venous, as a theater creator, lived through the defeat, and became an intellectual and cultural concern, as he is aware of his goals and aspirations, so his theater is the theater of commitment, commitment to the homeland and its concerns, and he examines in his plays the issues of society and the people, including the repressive relationship between the theater and the people, and among these theatrical performances. O king of time) in which the issue of unity and collective consciousness is studied symbolically so that it is not confined to an era or state. This study aims to reveal the manifestations of the symbol and the nature of these symbols, the reason for their employment, and the extent of their integration in the play (The Elephant King of Time) through the social approach. Saadallah and Nous believes that a society that does not demand its rights from rulers and is complicit in the face of its power and injustice in all matters, this complicity becomes an introduction and a license to oppression of rulers more and more, and the ruler and the responsible forgets his duties towards the people and is not born of the negligent people, the revolutionary and the transcendent who aims at the people.

Undoubtedly, Arabic poetry, by utilizing its artistic aesthetics, can be a good basis for reflecting the poets’ ideas in a hard and firm context. This study seeks to find aesthetic examples in the poems of Saleh al-Kawaz al-Halli about Fatima al-Zahra (PBUH) and to examine the stylistics of those poems in three phonetic, morphological, and syntactic levels. This research uses the stylistic method because it has features such as extracting meanings from linguistic phenomena in the text. At the phonetic level, we have found that very long voices have been used more with the motive of expressing distress and remembrance of the Prophet (PBUH) than the short and soft voices. At the morphological level, the poet, with his special taste for expressing the greatness and importance of this issue, has used verb conjugation (fa`al) to emphasize its exaggeration and its plurality. The use of this verb is in line with the general atmosphere of the poem. At the syntactic level, the poet has used the emphasis in various ways to pay attention to the historical events that have been described in the text by the enemies of the Prophet (PBUH) and his family.