فهرست مطالب naser shafie sabet

In a world where development is one of the main goals in societies, addressing metropolitan issues is one of the main bases for the production and distribution of wealth and added value. Competition is the most important tool for attracting advantages and opportunities correctly. In this study, first a brief review of the history of research and then theories and perspectives on the competitiveness of metropolises, and its "key components" and then its role in regional development of Iran and also the relationship between the components of metropolitan competitiveness on regional development. Been paid. Therefore, considering the importance and necessity of this issue, the overall purpose of the research is to investigate the role of Tehran metropolis in regional development. The research method is survey; The realization of the above goal and accurate knowledge of the dimensions of the problem, in the study group, is the study and analysis of the views of experts. Regional development is the result of the role and impact of competitiveness of the metropolis (Tehran). This research is of applied type and in terms of research method, descriptive and survey class in which the type of questionnaire is researcher type. The statistical population of the research consists of 70 professors and faculty members who use the research data using SPSS and Lisrel software were measured. Accordingly, in the exploratory analysis of the first stage (the question of the role of the metropolis in regional development), the results show that all the required assumptions related to the use of factor analysis have been met. The Kaiser-Meyer and Oaklin test is an indicator of sample adequacy. Determined the degree of belonging of variables to each other (causal factor) and as a result, their suitability for factor analysis and also determined the suitability of each variable alone. Considering that its value is equal to 0.79. Assessing the reliability of the extractive factors of the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development, it is determined that the reliability of the components and the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development is acceptable. Exploratory analysis of the second stage (metropolis role questionnaire in regional development) in which in this stage, all 3 components of the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development are examined based on the Kaiser-Meyer and Oaklin test, and considering that Its value is equal to 0.72, so the judgment about it is reported to be good. Considering the amount of chi-square and the significance level of Bartlett sphericity test (P <0.01 and X2 = 62.15), it is concluded that there is a correlation between the factors. And it is observed that all components have an acceptable correlation with the role of Tehran metropolis in regional development. In a world where development is one of the main goals in societies, addressing metropolitan issues is one of the main bases for the production and distribution of wealth and added value. Competition is the most important tool for attracting advantages and opportunities correctly. In this study, first a brief review of the history of research and then theories and perspectives on the competitiveness of metropolises, and its "key components" and then its role in regional development of Iran and also the relationship between the components of metropolitan competitiveness on regional development. Been paid. Therefore, considering the importance and necessity of this issue, the overall purpose of the research is to investigate the role of Tehran metropolis in regional development. The research method is survey; The realization of the above goal and accurate knowledge of the dimensions of the problem, in the study group, is the study and analysis of the views of experts. Regional development is the result of the role and impact of competitiveness of the metropolis (Tehran). This research is of applied type and in terms of research method, descriptive and survey class in which the type of questionnaire is researcher type. The statistical population of the research consists of 70 professors and faculty members who use the research data using SPSS and Lisrel software were measured. Accordingly, in the exploratory analysis of the first stage (the question of the role of the metropolis in regional development), the results show that all the required assumptions related to the use of factor analysis have been met. The Kaiser-Meyer and Oaklin test is an indicator of sample adequacy. Determined the degree of belonging of variables to each other (causal factor) and as a result, their suitability for factor analysis and also determined the suitability of each variable alone. Considering that its value is equal to 0.79. Assessing the reliability of the extractive factors of the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development, it is determined that the reliability of the components and the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development is acceptable. Exploratory analysis of the second stage (metropolis role questionnaire in regional development) in which in this stage, all 3 components of the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development are examined based on the Kaiser-Meyer and Oaklin test, and considering that Its value is equal to 0.72, so the judgment about it is reported to be good. Considering the amount of chi-square and the significance level of Bartlett sphericity test (P <0.01 and X2 = 62.15), it is concluded that there is a correlation between the factors. And it is observed that all components have an acceptable correlation with the role of Tehran metropolis in regional development. In a world where development is one of the main goals in societies, addressing metropolitan issues is one of the main bases for the production and distribution of wealth and added value. Competition is the most important tool for attracting advantages and opportunities correctly. In this study, first a brief review of the history of research and then theories and perspectives on the competitiveness of metropolises, and its "key components"

Execution of any type of urban development project by urban management can have different effects on the identification and security of urban spaces. One of the new mechanisms to reduce the consequences and strengthen the positive effects of urban projects and the identification of urban spaces is the preparation and use of socio-cultural attachment (ATAF). This research is descriptive-analytical with the aim of investigating and evaluating the socio-cultural effects of project implementation on the identification of spaces and urban security. The method of data collection is both field and library. The statistical population of those neighborhoods is two districts 6 and 12 of Tehran metropolis. The sample size was selected based on Cochran's formula to 232 people. In data analysis, test-t test and linear regression were used. The result of the study shows that the performance of urban management is directly effective in identifying urban spaces and its security, and the cultural factor compared to the social factor, has the greatest impact on the identity of urban spaces and improving the welfare and quality of life of citizens. It also provides a healthy and safe environment.

Spatial flows between rural and urban settlements are defined as the flow of people, capital, goods, information and technology and the like. Spatial flows between the city and the village over time are key factors in the spatial changesof rural settlements. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of spatial flows in spatial changes of rural settlements around Zahedan. The present study is a descriptive-analytic. The statistical population of the study consists of 218 Zahedan villages. Have been. According to the purpose of the study, 348 households were sampled using Cochran formula. Inferential statistics (Kendall Taubi test and multivariate regression test) were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between Spatial flows and spatial changes with correlation coefficient of 0.594 according to Kendall-Taobey test. Also, based on the results of regression test show that 58.9% of the spatial changes of the studied rural settlements are explained by the spatial flows. Capital and people flows individuals with Beta coefficient of 0.508 and 0.412 had the greatest impact on the spatial changes of the rural settlements studied. The spatial changes of rural settlements are not the same in all dimensions as more changes are taking place in the physical-infrastructural and non-productive sectors of rural areas around Zahedan. Finally, in the study area due to structural and functional reasons an incomplete link has been formed between Zahedan city and the surrounding villages, which has led to the lack of development at the regional level.

The present paper analyzes the role of community-based management in improving social capital and participation of local stakeholders in projects and programs, in the process of sustainable rural development of rural in Baneh County. This study has been done by using a quantitative-survey method and questionnaire. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between effective and impressionable indicators. In other words, although “community-based management” guarantees the improvement of social capital and the productive participation of local stakeholders in rural development plans and programs, in the process of sustainable rural development, but the formation of management based on a “government-based” and “bottom-up” approach has resulted to passive participation in the study area and has failed to promote social awareness, social cohesion, social organization, social networking, social trust and social participation in the process of sustainable rural development. Therefore, it needs to change the rural management system’s approach, shift the status of imperfect and centralized management into participatory and decentralization management, Consider the effective factors in formatting community-based management in improving social capital in the process of sustainable rural development

Local beneficiaries participation in process planning is very important. The gole of this study is assessment local beneficiary participation in rural development planning process. The research methodology is descriptive – analytic. The sample is 54 villages and 31 experts with spss. The findings indicated that participation and organization of the area is not desirable. Without the participation of society the development not promote. Test "Mann - Whitney - U" revealed attention to participation and association have been studied in the planning area. The implementation of programs and projects carried out in consultation with the local community, The relationship between managers and planners with village administrators and council be established to participate in programs and projects. Interaction and participation of experts with villagers in connection with agricultural and non agricultural activities to be provided, Appropriate legislation to attract and ensure public participation and consensus. In various decisions, program development, and implementation of projects and participation in the benefits derived from them.

Paying attention to social capital in the management of environmental resources by people and participation in various development programs are the important elements of rural management and development. These elements can solve socioeconomic problems and optimally distribute services and facilities to increase welfare and comfort. However, the importance of social capital and participation of villagers is not properly recognized. In this regard, the role of the people and their participation in accelerating development processes is not taken into consideration. This research aims at the relationship between the improvement of the social capital of villagers and their participation in sustainable rural development on one hand and the environmental, physical, economic and cultural mediating roles of villagers perceived through the implementation of programs and plans in Tehran Province. The study is of a descriptive-survey type conducted with a questionnaire as the data collection tool. The research sample consisted of 400 households in 33 villages. The results indicated the positive effect of social capital on villagers’ participation in rural development programs. In other words, through the improvement of social awareness, social trust and social networks in connection to the implementation of community-based programs and projects by local managers, it is possible to enhance the participation of villagers in projects, social activities, and investment in rural areas. This, in turn, leads to improved sustainable development of villages.

IntroductionStructural weakness of rural areas around the country leads villagers to migrate to urban areas looking for better opportunities; phrases like "having no future", or "lack of opportunity", which is clearly stated in comments of rural migrants, reveal the fact that a new paradigm must be taken into consideration in order to solve the problem of rural-urban migration. Sustainable rural development has a cross-sectoral nature in this paradigm which includes important issues like developing infrastructure, decentralization, strengthening local institutions, diversification of income sources as well as insisting on non-agricultural activities, in addition to agriculture and providing food security; this happens through providing infrastructure and empowering the villagers to have a tendency toward non-agricultural payrolls and removing their challenges, whether through empowering internal factors in villages or through state and external policies to control and reinforce bases and foundations of sustainable rural economy, etc.
Theoretical FrameworkSustainable rural economy is an approach to develop in which efficiency, justice, and sustainability are mixed together in a manner that efficiency guarantees optimal use of natural resources, justice guarantees poverty alleviation and removing the gap between the rich and the poor yet the aim of sustainability is sustainable livelihood in keeping with the future livelihood through conserving natural resources. Traditionally, non-agricultural economy of a village is taken into consideration as a descending section with low productivity which rural farmer households consider as a supplementary to their income next to agriculture during the time, however, its role in reducing poverty and economic growth in developing countries has been clearly revealed since 1990s. The role of non-agricultural economy in the potential development of rural areas and recruiting unemployed rural workforce, etc. is highly studied in the previous two decades. Additionally, non-agricultural activities in rural areas not only reduce the flow of migration out of villages but also motivate the reverse flow.
MethodologyThis study uses an analytical method and a survey in the form of 5 underlying components of non-agricultural payrolls (environmental, social, economic, structural, and political) and their effects on sustainability of rural settlements in Sarvelayat section of Neyshabur town. In order to analyze the underlying components of creation and development of non-agricultural payrolls, this study takes advantage of 5 components of environmental, social, economic, structural-infrastructural and political systems; afterwards, survey techniques, such as targeted interviews and questionnaire, were used to analyze the role of underlying components of non-agricultural payrolls on the sustainability of rural settlements which include questionnaire of rural familie's heads and rural questionnaire. Therefore, the single-sample t-test in SPSS software was used to survey the relationship among underlying components of non-agricultural payrolls and, in the next step, measure of Kendall Tau link was used to survey the relation between underlying components of non-agricultural payrolls and sustainability of rural settlements. Finally, the multivariate regression test was used to survey the effects of underlying components of non-agricultural payrolls on sustainability of rural settlements of Sarvelayat section. In the end, direct and indirect effects of underlying components on developing and distributing non-agricultural payrolls were analyzed.
Results & DiscussionGenerally, findings reveal the unfavorable situation of the underlying components of non-agricultural payrolls in a manner that except the components of the environmental system and structural-infrastructural system which is related to the natural and infrastructural network, the rest of underlying social, economic, and political components show a level lower than average which reveals an apparent contradiction with the sustainable approach in the studied area.
Conclusions & SuggestionsGenerally, the findings reveal the unfavorable situation of non-agricultural underlying components so that components of social, economic, and political systems, such as state institutions investment and information dispersion forces in both social (empowering villagers in the dimensions of education, awareness of social and economic issues of their own village and …) and economic (investment, distribution of credits and government's financial support in providing bank facilities and loans to villagers and …) dimensions, the amount of agricultural production as well as availability of animal and agricultural products in order to create transformative and supplementary industries in villages, financial and the earning situation of villagers due to agricultural activities as the facilitating agent to create non-agricultural activities, motivation among villagers to create non-agricultural payrolls, effectiveness of young and skilled workforce in villages, social and economic cooperation of villagers in local organizations, etc. was not enough to pave the way for the creation and dispersion of non-agricultural payrolls. Therefore, it is essential that the following presuppositions and suggestions are more noticed in relation to facilitating indices of social, economic, and political empowerment:Improving cognitive and skilled fields of villagers through empowering educational sources and a suitable system of dispersion and information to reach a rural society of aware, wise, creative, entrepreneur, and flexible people.
Encouraging villagers to participate in group activities in various economic and social fields as well as understanding the economic and social benefits of collective work compared to individual work to lead villagers to create and develop non-agricultural activities, etc.