فهرست مطالب nasrin khani

One of the most important approaches in critical discourse analysis is the approach of Fairclough, an English linguist. According to him, discourse analysis is examined at three levels of description, interpretation and explanation. In the present study, we seek to show that many of the Arabic sentences used in Darriyih Nadirh by Mirza Mahdi Khan Astarãbãdi can be considered as a word and they are considered as a discourse roles. For this purpose, we examined the Arabic sentences of a part of the book by random selection at the description level. Findings showed that about 70% of the 320 Arabic sentences used in the studied sections have the characteristics of Fairclough's discourse classification. Based on the analysis made in the text of the article, it was determined that Darriyih Nadirh is a text with discourse-oriented structures; in such a way that the underlying layers can show the complex power relations in the Afshãrid period. In the meantime, Arabic phrases and expressions play important roles, including: showing the pure skirt of Nãdir from the usurpation of the Safavid rule, emphasizing the severity of the events of the time, avoiding the conflicts of the court, winning the hearts of Nãdir’s successors, justifying his former support for Nãdir and his late ... are in charge.

One of the new methods of text analysis is critical discourse analysis. In this way, in order to derive the relations of power and ideology from the underlying layers of the text, in addition to paying attention to the phonetic, linguistic, and literary features of the text, factors outside the context, namely situational, cultural, and social contexts are also considered. The purpose of this study was to explore the verbal strategies proposed by Fairclough in Dorraye Nadere, to explain the role of these strategies or discourse patterns in shaping the specific style of the text, and to find the dominant discourse in the book based on the characteristics of critical discourse analysis. This study was conducted by using the content analysis method with an integrated method (both qualitative and quantitative ways). The statistical population of the present study was the full text of Dorraye Nadere book. The sampling method was randomly selected and the sample size was calculated based on Cochran’s formula. The findings of the study indicated that the text of Dorraye Nadere has discursive structures so that power relations can be achieved in the lower layers. An examination of the Dorraye Nadere from the point of view of vocabulary, grammar, and cohesion showed that the characteristics considered in Fairclough’s approach were within the framework of various formal values in this text. At the level of interpretation, the manifestations of temporal texture and the relationship between power and ideology were quite evident in the text ofDorraye Nadere.

The systematized Functional linguistics is one of linguistics theory that applied in the analysis of literary texts. This theory especially considers the social role of language application. In the Functional grammar, meaning has been found specifically important, it manifests in three Metafunction  reflections, intra-individuality, and intertextuality. In the reflection Metafunction, language plays the experimental role in reflecting human experience of the external world, it passes from the secular experiences to the mental one, then it is expressed-it expresses the different process of the verb in assigning the writer's view to the world that is effective in creating style. After assigning theses processes, the present study examines four Persian, historical books, Nafthat Al Masdour, Sirat Jalal Al-Din Monkabarani by Shahab Al-Din Zaydari, Tarikh Jahangushay Juvayni, Tasliat Al Ekhvan by Atâ-Malek Juvayni. The results depict that every one of aforementioned writers has applied the specific process that is different with other, however, both of them have exerted the common arrangement, therefore, it emancipates the style-made process and their effects on creating the writer's specific style. Meanwhile, the findings depict the most frequent secularity in  Zidari's works, herewith the writer expresses what he sees( appropriately with the writer's presence in the events), though the most frequent connections in Atâ-Malek Juvayni emancipates this fact that he has assigned the different features to the participants of process, he has designed the situational connections, because he has been absent in those events, he has heard them or he has read them in the books.

Dorra-ye Nadera is written by  Mirzamahedikhan Estarabadi. in  Afshariyyah History. Given the author's unique place in Nader’s government, this book is packed with valuable and first-hand information on the history of that period, and it is therefore one of the main sources of historical research on the late Safavid period, the Afshar career, and even the beginning of the Zandiyeh period.  The author's special occasion in addition to stating some events is that he has implicitly expressed another part of the events of the time. The critical discourse analysis can be used to reach both the hidden layers of the text and its stylistic features, as this paper has done. In this essay, by choosing five particular stylistic features of this book, namely: obeying special reasoning at the beginning of each chapter, the vocabulary of Arabic phrases and sentences, the specific pattern of the unknown verb, the proportionality of the overlap, and the long descriptions, they are compared to what Norman Fairclough, a linguist has done. We compared our approach to analyzing critical discourse in our method. The findings of the study indicate that these stylistic features can be considered as text discourse categories under the Fairclough classifications, in addition, some of the features, such as the extreme use of comparison and the illusive comparison, the vocabulary-making , including phrase, sentence and the sentence of  reasoning, are things that do not fit into the categories  of Fairclough and they can also be categorized.