niloufar mikaeili

The issue of the promotion of health and a healthy lifestyle seems to be one of the most important ones in psychology, which shows the ever-increasing interest of researchers in this issue and the importance of a healthy lifestyle in different age groups. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and depression with the mediating role of loneliness in the elderly. This was a correlational study of structural equations modeling (SEM) type. The statistical papulation included of elderly men and women living in the nursing and care centers for the elderly in Bojnord, Iran in 2022, among whom 200 elderly people were selected using convenience sampling method. The data were collected by Beck’s depression, healthy lifestyle in Iranian elderly people and social and adults’ emotional loneliness of questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SEM in SPSS-25 and Lisrel-8.8 software. The results revealed that the healthy lifestyle has a negative significant relationship with depression, and also the healthy lifestyle has a negative significant relationship with depression. Depression and loneliness had also a significant positive relationship (P<0.01). Besides, the fit indices of the model confirmed the path of healthy lifestyle and depression with the mediating role of loneliness. From a practical point of view, it can be said that teaching a healthy lifestyle to the elderly, including exercise, proper nutrition and close social contact, prevents loneliness and depression. It is necessary for researchers to conduct more research on healthy lifestyle in the elderly.

This research aims to describe, analyze and synthesize the factors related to violence against women during the Corona epidemic. The method of this research is meta-analysis. The statistical population of the present study was composed of written documents including dissertations, researches and articles published in scientific research journals in recent years on the issue of factors related to violence against women in the era of Corona. Among the published works available in the database of collectors and unpublished works of the reference section of the library of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Tehran and Urmia universities, 26 documents in 51 research factors were selected. The information collected from each of the documents and studies were analyzed using CMA-2 and SPSS 22 software. The findings of the research showed that the value of the chi-square index was 0.061 and the effect size value was calculated at 0.403 in the fixed model, and the analysis of these studies identified 44 influencing factors and their effects were evaluated as significant. All the mentioned values have been evaluated at the 95% confidence level.

In this study, the relationship between emotional nature and adult attachment and aggression in depressed patients was investigated. The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study includes all depressed patients aged 18-40 years in Ardabil in 2015. The sample of this study included 75 depressed patients who were selected by available methods. The Emotional Nature Scale, the Collins-Reid Attachment Scale, and the Williams Aggression Questionnaire were used to collect data. Pearson correlation method and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Data analysis indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between emotional nature with adult attachment and aggression in depressed patients (P <0.01). Based on the results of multivariate regression, the dimensions of emotional nature were able to predict with adult attachment and aggression in depressed patients (P <0.01). This result has important implications for promoting mental health in patients with depression.

Postpartum Depression (PPD) may affect mother-infant attachment and other family relationships, and may even threaten the safety and health of mother, infant and other children. Despite the relative efficacy of most cognitive therapy methods in controlling or reducing the symptoms of PPD, their application has faced many shortcomings due to a lack of explanation of the main cause of the disorder and deficiency in providing appropriate treatment strategies. Also, less research has been done on the effect of detached mindfulness-based metacognitive therapy on meta-worry, cognitive distortion, and other symptoms of PPD.

The present study aimed to determine the efficacy of metacognitive therapy based on detached mindfulness on reducing meta-worry and interpersonal cognitive distortion in women with PPD.

This research was conducted by quasi-experimental method using a two-group pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of the study was all women referred to Golestan Urban Health Center in Ardabil City from 2018 to 2019. Sampling method was convenience sampling. Using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (1996) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (1987), 40 people were selected (20 in experimental group and 20 in control group). Then, for the experimental group, the protocol of detached mindfulness-based metacognitive therapy was performed during 8 sessions in Golestan Urban Health Center in Ardabil City, and the results were analyzed based on meta-worry and interpersonal cognitive distortion scales by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

The results showed that in the experimental group the average posttest scores of meta-worry and interpersonal cognitive distortion were significantly different from the control group. In other words, after therapeutic intervention meta-worry (F = 317.62; P = 0.001 <0.05) and interpersonal cognitive distortion (F = 331.39; P = 0.001 <0.05) meaningfully decreased in the experimental group.

The results of this study indicated that detached mindfulness-based metacognitive therapy, by improving the thinking process, identifying negative metacognitive and correcting beliefs, and providing appropriate cognitive responses, is an effective therapeutic approach in treating PPD symptoms and reducing meta-worry and interpersonal cognitive distortion.

Previous research has shown that effective learning cannot be explained by cognitive factors alone. The aim of this study was to determine the role of factors such as sense of human agency, meaning of education, and time perspective in predicting academic achievement motivation among medical students. This study was a descriptive-regression correlational study. It included 200 medical students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in the first semester of the 99-98 academic year. The students completed four scales of academic achievement motivation, sense of human agency, meaning of education, and time perspective. Pearson correlation and multiple regression methods were used to analyze the data using SPSS ver. 24. Findings showed that the motivation for academic achievement has a significant relationship with the components of human agency and the meaning of education. Also, 0.22 of the total variance of academic achievement motivation was predicted by these three components. As a result, the findings can help university officials to design effective intervention programs to promote and maintain student motivation to take effective action.

Rapid cross-cultural social changes in recent decades highlight the necessity of considering the role of psychosocial factors in the eating attitudes and behaviors of the new generation. This study aimed to predict disordered eating attitudes based on social comparison, interpersonal sensitivity and cognitive flexibility in female students.

This was descriptive research conducted in the framework of correlation studies. The statistical population consisted of all female undergraduate students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch in the academic year 98-99 (9944 people), out of whom 200 ones were selected through multistage random sampling method. They completed Eating Attitude Test (Gamer et al, 1982), Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (Gibbons & Buunk, 1999), Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (Boyce & Parker, 1989), and Cognitive flexibility Inventory (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis.

Findings showed that social comparison (p<0/01, β=0/432) and interpersonal sensitivity (p<0/01, β=0/305) were positively and significantly, and cognitive flexibility (p<0/05, β=-0/143) was negatively and significantly capable of predicting disordered eating attitudes in the students.

With the rising emphasis on fitness in a Western advertisement, the vulnerability of young people to eating disorders has increased. Results of the present study indicate factors such as social comparison, interpersonal sensitivity, and cognitive flexibility effectively influence students' disordered eating attitudes and their psychological and physical health. Since medical therapies alone have temporary effects, further attention to psychosocial factors is recommended in the prevention and treatment of eating disorders.

Postpartum depression has an effect on reducing maternal attachment and family relationships and can be a threat to the safety and well-being of mother, infant and other children.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of meta-emotion combined therapy on anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance in women with postpartum depression.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with two-group pretest-posttest method. The statistical population of the study was all women referring to Golestan Health Center in Ardabil in the years 2018-19. Sampling method was available. Using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, 40 subjects (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group) were selected. Then, for the experimental group, meta-emotion combined therapy protocol was performed during 12 sessions and the results were analyzed based on experimental avoidance and anxiety sensitivity scales using covariance statistical method using SPSS software version 18.

The results showed that the mean scores of post-test anxiety sensitivity and experimental avoidance in the experimental group were lower than the control group. In other words, meta-emotion combined therapy on reducing anxiety sensitivity (F=129.89, P=0.001>0.05) and experimental avoidance (F=229.10, P=0.001>0.05) is effective.

The results of this study showed that the meta-emotion combined therapy, through emotion regulation and reduction of negative emotions, is an effective therapeutic approach in reducing anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance in women with postpartum depression.

Sexual health is one of the main aspects of health that affects spouses at all stages of life. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between sexual health and irrational beliefs, mindfulness and perfectionism in couples.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study was all couples in Ardabil in 2019 that 114 people (57 couples) were selected as the sample by available sampling method. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire, "Manavi Pourchr('39')s Sexual Health Questionnaire", "4 Factors of Irrational Beliefs Test-Ahvaz", " Mindful Attention Awareness Scale” and the “Ahvaz Perfectionism Scale”. Face validity and reliability were measured by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed by SPSS. 18.

Between irrational beliefs (-0.40 in men and -0.61 in women), mindfulness (0.38 in men and 0.54 in women), and perfectionism (-0.56 in men and -0.59 in women), there was a significant correlation with sexual health (P <0.05). The results showed that irrational beliefs, mindfulness and perfectionism in total can explain 49% of the variance of sexual health in men and 58% of the variance of sexual health in women (P <0.05).

Coupleschr('39') sexual health is predictable with irrational beliefs, mindfulness and perfectionism. It is suggested that psychologists and health professionals pay more attention to the role of these variables in improving the sexual health of spouses.

Although suicide is observed among all age groups, it can lead to the loss of more potential years of teenagers, which is of great importance. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the prediction of suicidal thoughts based on happiness, self-esteem and spiritual health among female teenagers in Ardabil.

The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all female high school students in Ardabil during 2016-2017. Of the population, 350 subjects were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling. In order to collect data, several instruments including Oxford’s Happiness, Coppersmith’s Self Esteem, Paloutzian and Ellison’s Spiritual Health, and Beck’s Suicidal Thoughts were used. Data analysis was conducted by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests. All ethical issues were observed in this study and the authors declared to conflict of interests.

The results showed a significant relationship between happiness (r=-0.64), self-esteem (r=-0.62) and spiritual health (r=-0.66), and the suicidal thoughts of female teenagers (p<0.05). In addition, the results of multiple regression showed that happiness, self-esteem and spiritual health predict 0.59 of the variance related to the suicidal thoughts of female teenagers (p<0.05).

Teenagers’ suicidal thoughts is predictable by the happiness, self-esteem and spiritual health. Therefore, it is suggested that psychologists and counselors consider the role of happiness, self-esteem and spiritual health to decrease the level of teenagers’ suicidal thoughts. Also, interested researchers should conduct further studies on the teenagers’ suicidal thoughts.

Sexual addiction is a growing concern known as a serious disorder. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between happiness, perceived social support and self-esteem with sexual addiction among couples in Ardabil city. The study was based on a descriptive correlational method. Its statistical population consisted of all couples in Ardabil city in 2016. A total of 110 people (55 married spouses) were selected as the statistical sample using the convenience sampling. To collect data, the Oxford happiness scale, perceived social support scale, self-esteem scale and sexual addiction scale were used. Research data were analyzed using Independent t test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. The study results indicated no significant difference in sexual addiction of men and women
(P > 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant relationship between happiness, perceived social support, self-esteem and sexual addiction in couples (p<0.05). The results showed that happiness, perceived social support and self-esteem could predict the sexual addiction of couples by 0.61 (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that happiness, perceived social support and self-esteem could decrease the sexual addiction in couples.

Aims:The present study was conducted with the aim comparison of the effectiveness of meta-emotion based couple therapy with narrative couple therapy on adjustment and cuople Burnout in conflicting couples. This research is a type of experimental study with pre test - post test design and control group. The statistical population of the study included all incompatible couples referring to the family court, dispute resolution councils andTabriz counseling centers during the autumn of 2015.To select the statistical sample among couples are eligible to enter the study were selected 24 couples (48 people) and were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group and then Was implemented meta- emotion based couple therapy and narrative couple therapy during 8 sessions of 90-minute for the expremental groups.To collect research data, it was used of Pinez burnout scale and dyadic adjustment scale In both preand post-test.Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS. findings: data analysis showed that the group receiving meta-emotion based couple therapy compared to the group of narrative couple therapy and control group; and also the group receiving narrative couple therapy versus control group average scores had increased in the marital adjustment and decreased in the cuople burnout.According to the results meta- emotion based couple therapy regarding to their compilation nature and the use of the principles and principles of the various therapeutic theories comparing the narrative couple therapy it has more efficacy on increasing marital adjustment and reducing cuople burnout of conflicting couples.

Emotional divorce is considered as the most important factor in the rupture of the most fundamental structure of society, namely the family. This study aimed to investigate the role of cognitive avoidance components and metacognitive belief in the prediction of Spouses emotional divorce.
The study statistical population consisted of all Spouses in Ardabil city in 2015. 120 people (60 married Spouses) were selected as the statistical sample using the convenience sampling. Data were collected through cognitive avoidance scale (Dugas & Sextons, 2004), MCQ-30 metacognitive belief scale (wells & Cartwright-Hatton, 2004), and Gutman's emotional divorce scale (2008). Research data were analyzed by Independent t test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression methods.
Findings: The study results showed there is not meaningful difference among emotional divorce of men and women (p Thus, it can be concluded that cognitive avoidance components and metacognitive belief are considered as the variables related to Spouses emotional divorce and have predictive capability of it.

Diabetes is one of the chronic illnesses and nowadays one of the most important methods for evaluation of treatment and care is to assess the quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the role locus of control and cognitive fusion in the prediction of quality of life in diabetic patients.
The study was based on a descriptive correlation method. Statistical population consisted of all patients with type 2 diabetes in Ardabil city in 2015. 116 diabetic patients were selected as the statistical sample using the convenience sampling. Data were collected through Rotter's locus of control scale (1966), Gillanders cognitive fusion scale (2014) and the world health organization quality of life Scale (1996). Research data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression methods.
The results showed that there is a significant relationship between locus of control and quality of life in diabetic patients (r= 0.467, P=0.001). Also there is a significant relationship between cognitive fusion and quality of life in diabetic patients (r= -0.346, P=0.001). Beta coefficients for predictor variables indicated that, locus of control 0.46 (P=0.001) and cognitive fusion -0.31 (P=0.001) have significantly predictive capability of quality of life in diabetic patients.
Hence, it can be concluded that, locus of control and cognitive fusion are considered as the variables related to quality of life in diabetic patients and have predictive capability of it.

Stressful situations are one of the problems of nursing professionals, which can reduce the productivity of nurses. This research was conducted to assess the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation styles and thought action fusion, and job stress in nurses.
This research was a descriptive correlation study. The statistical sample of the present study included 246 nurses, who were working in psychiatric and neurology wards of western and east Azerbaijan and Ardabil in 2015 years. Samples were selected through sSimple random sampling. The Garnefski Cognitive Emotion Regulation (CERQ-short), Rachman Thought-Action Fusion, and Health and Safety Executive job stress (HSE) questionnaires were used for the data collection. The data was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. P values of less than 0.05 were considered significant.
The results of multi-variable correlation coefficient with enter method indicated that cognitive emotion regulation strategies had a role in explaining job stress (R2 = 28%); thought-action fusion factors also had an (R2 of = 54.7%). There was a positive relationship between nurse's job stress and catastrophizing strategies (r = 0.380), responsibility for positive thoughts (r = 0.675) and responsibility for harm avoidance thoughts (r = 0.578) but a negative relationship with acceptance (r = -0.222), positive refocus (r = -0.263) and refocus on planning strategies (r = -0.323) was found.
The results indicated a correlation between the TAF and maladaptive strategies, and job stress. Thus, it is suggested that nurses should develop logical cognitive beliefs and effective emotion regulation strategies to reduce their amount of professional stress.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in Iran and the world. It is chronic, progressive, and expensive, and creates many complications. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and self-esteem with spiritual health in patients with diabetes mellitus.
The study was based on a descriptive correlational method. Statistical population consisted of all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ardabil City, Iran, in 2016. 108 patients with diabetes mellitus were selected as the statistical sample using the convenience sampling method. For data collection, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and spiritual health scales were used. Data analysis was made using Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression tests.
There was a significant relationship between the self-efficacy and self-esteem with spiritual health in patients with diabetes mellitus. In addition, the results of multiple regression showed that self-efficacy and self-esteem could significantly predict spiritual health among these patients (P = 0.001 for both).
It can be concluded that self-efficacy and self-esteem are considered among the predicting variables related to spiritual health.

Social phobia is one of the common anxiety disorders characterized by fear of social situations, shame and embarrassment in communicating with unfamiliar people. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in reducing anxiety and depression in students with social phobia. An experimental pretest-posttest with control group design was used to conduct the study. The population consists of all female students in Ardabil city, 2013-2014 academic years. Using a multiple-stage cluster sampling method, a representative sample consists of 400 students was selected for the study. Then, among the students those with social phobia (based on the cut-off point), 34 participants were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 17 people (one experimental group and one control group). The participants in experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy for 10 sessions of 90 minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention. Anxiety, depression and social phobia questionnaires were administered to the two groups before and after the intervention. Descriptive statistics and multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) were used for data analysis. The results of data analysis showed that treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy reduces anxiety, depression and social phobia of students in the experimental group compared with the control group (p<0.001). The present study showed that acceptance and commitment therapy for students with social phobia can be used as a psychological intervention along with other intervention mechanisms.