omid bameri

Tramadol, is frequently misused and leading to an increase in cases of overdose and poisoning worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and paraclinical consequences of tramadol poisoning and related factors. This was a retrospective study performed on patients with acute tramadol poisoning who were referred to the Amir Al-Momenin Hospital Emergency Department, Zabol, during 2019-2020. Patients’ socio-demographic information and clinical and paraclinical manifestations were collected in a predesigned checklist. Overall, 71 subjects were included in this study. The mean dose of tramadol was 640.14 ± 521 mg. Seizures occurred in 17 subjects that were not dose-dependent. In patients who died or were in a coma, pH, bicarbonate (HCO3 ), and oxygen saturation (O2 sat) levels decreased, while PCO2 levels increased significantly (P < 0.05). The dose of tramadol used in the poisoning of this substance played no role in the course of the disease and the prognosis of patients, but low pH, HCO3 , O2 sat, and high CO2 pressure could be related to the outcome of these patients.

Tramadol and methadone are synthetic opioid drugs that are widely used in various fields of medicine. This review article was performed to investigate the hormone disturbance of long-term tramadol and methadone use in women.

Keywords were determined using the MeSH browser and then searched in ISI, Scopus, EMBASE, and PubMed databases on 25.5.2022. The articles with non-English language, articles whose full text was not retrieved, and studies that were irrelevant to the aim of this study were excluded from the investigation.

Methadone and tramadol affected a sexual hormone in women through an impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. They could reduce the levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, increase prolactin production, and finally, reduce gonadal steroids. Opioids also could influence thyroid and adrenal glands and subsequently increase thyroidstimulating hormone, and reduce dehydroepiandrosterone. Eventually, this mechanism caused a disturbance in sexual hormone disturbance in women.

Overall, long-term methadone and tramadol consumption as opioid substances could cause sexual hormone disturbance in women.

Changes in blood sugar in poisoning can be one of the most important determinants of the outcome of patients with poisoning. Since poisoning is one of the most common and increasing causes of death worldwide and one of the most critical medical emergencies, this study aimed to investigate changes in blood sugar in patients with acute poisoning and how patients' blood sugar can predict the severity and outcome of the disease. The present study was performed on 200 patients with acute drug poisoning referred to the emergency department of Amir Al-Momenin Hospital in Zabol from March 2018 to March 2020. Blood glucose levels of all patients were recorded at the time of admission and every hour to the first 5 hours after admission, and the results were entered in the information form of each patient. Finally, the data were entered into SPSS V22 software and statistically analyzed. The mean age of participants was 23.21 ± 12.80 years, and the minimum and maximum age of patients were 1 year and 77 years, respectively, and only 9.8% of them had a history of diabetes. In this study, the highest rate of intoxication with opioids such as methadone and tramadol was (38%), followed by benzodiazepines (20.5%), NSAIDs (19.5%), and SSRIs (7%) were the most commonly used drugs. The prevalence of hypoglycemia in this study was 3% (6 patients), while no cases of hyperglycemia were reported. In this study, most changes in blood sugar were caused by alcohol poisoning. Also, neuroleptics, NSAIDs, and chemicals had the least changes in blood sugar. However, patients' blood sugar at the beginning of poisoning did not affect patients' prognosis. The present study results showed that changes in blood sugar during treatment during drug intoxication, alcohol, medications(sulfonylurea, glibenclamide), and NSAID are very important, so regular monitoring of blood glucose in intoxication with these cases is essential.

Today, opportunistic fungi, especially Candida albicans, are among the most common risk factors in patients with weakened immune systems. Fungal infections caused by Candida species and increasing number of azole-resistant strains are of great importance in immunocompromised patients. The toxicity of the drugs used, the development of resistance to these fungi, and the problems caused by drug interactions necessitate the use of more effective drugs with less toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of medicinal plant extracts on C. albicans. In this review study, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran databases were searched between 2000 and 2019 to identify related articles. The search keywords were “Candida albicans”, “Complementary”, “Herbal medicine” and their Persian equivalents. All in vivo and in vitro trials were included in the study. The reviewed studies showed the effectiveness of some compounds in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans. The results of the present research were in in-vitro conditions, but they need to be conducted in-vivo for human use.

Trichomonas vaginitis is the most common non-viral disease that is transmitted sexually. Although metronidazole is the most effective medication for this disease, it has some adverse effects. Herbal medicines have fewer side effects and are more popular among people. This study aimed to review the plants, which are effective against Trichomonas vaginalis and their therapeutic effects. For this purpose, the databases of Scopus, PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran were searched for the articles published during 2000-2019 by keywords, such as Trichomonas vaginalis, complimentary, complementary therapies, herbal medicine, medicinal plants, and their Persian equivalents. All in vivo and in vitro trial studies were included in the present review. The data indicated that some compounds, including eucalyptus, case, and garlic were effective in inhibiting the growth of T. vaginalis.