مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد
سال بیست و ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 124، Summer 2024)

 Cardiovascular diseases are among the most common causes of death worldwide. The paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme is a main factor in preventing these diseases. This study investigated the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Tanacetum parthenium plant on the activity and gene expression of PON1.

 Forty male rats were divided into 4 groups: a control group, a hyperlipidemic group, and two hyperlipidemic groups that were treated with 400 and 800 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract. Arylesterase activity of PON1 and serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were measured. Moreover, the gene expression of PON1 in the liver tissue samples was measured using real-time PCR. Finally, molecular dynamics studies of apigenin as a main compound in the plant were performed to investigate the activity of PON1 in the simulated environment.

 Hydroalcoholic extract of T. parthenium decreased serum triglyceride (from 105.8±10.1 to 60.5±21.5 and 50.9±11.2 mg/dL) and total cholesterol (from 97.5±16.8 to 59.6±8.5 and 52.0±9.6 mg/dL) levels, while it increased the activity of arylesterase paraoxonase1 significantly (P<0.001). It also showed a significant (P<0.001) effect on PON1 gene expression. However, the dose of 800 mg/kg was more effective. The results of simulation and molecular dynamics showed that apigenin binds to PON1 with a high affinity and induces changes in the molecular dynamics parameters.

 The 800 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of T. parthenium can increase the activity of PON1 and its gene expression. It seems that apigenin as one of the most important antioxidant compounds of this plant can increase the activity of this enzyme by direct binding to PON1.

 One essential plant-based strategy to deal with infections is antimicrobial synergism, which can make antimicrobials more efficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between these extracts and two widely used antibiotics, meropenem and gentamicin, on two multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii, in vitro.

 Different concentrations of Rosa damascena Mill., Malva sylvestris L., and Zataria multiflora Boiss. hydroalcoholic extracts (2-fold serial dilution from 131072 to 256 μg/mL) were administered against two MDR bacteria, and their combination with gentamicin and meropenem (serial dilution from 32 to 0.015 μg/mL) was investigated by the resazurin-based microdilution and the checkerboard method. The phytochemical properties of the extracts were also examined, and the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), anthocyanin content, and antioxidant capacity of the extracts were determined.

 Z. multiflora and R. damascena showed high antibacterial activity, and their minimal inhibitory concentrations on Acinetobacter baumannii were 1024 and 2048 μg/mL, respectively. Z. multiflora also had high TFC, TPC, and antioxidant activity and demonstrated additive interaction with meropenem and gentamicin with fractional inhibitory concentrations of 1 and 0.75, respectively.

 We suggest the potency of Z. multiflora-antibiotic combinations in treating MDR A. baumannii after future clinical studies.

 The current investigation aimed to evaluate jaw bone changes, and compare the presence of gonial cortex bone thickness, mental index (MI), lamina dura (LD), lower dental canal, and bone density in panoramic radiography, in patients with hyperparathyroidism.

 The present cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 17 healthy individuals and 17 patients who suffered from resorptive hypercalciuria in the dialysis center of Shahid Beheshti hospital in Babol in 2018. If patients had two or more decayed teeth, they were referred to a specialized maxillofacial clinic by the dentist for free panoramic imaging. Mandibular cortical index, LD, bone change, mandibular resorption (MR), and general cortical indices underwent examination.

 The mean age of the control and case groups was 36.58±11.81 years and 40.23±14.32 years, respectively (P=0.424). In addition, the mean MI was 4.27±0.87 and 2.98±0.75 in the control and case groups, respectively (P<0.001). Based on the results, the mean gonion region’s cortical bone thickness was 0.93±0.23 and 1.09±0.24 in the case and control groups, respectively (P<0.001). Further, bone changes (P=0.036) and MR (P=0.017) were significantly different in the case and control groups. However, LD vision showed no significant difference in the hyperparathyroidism and the control groups (P=0.141).

 The results demonstrated a decrease in the thickness of the cortical bone in the guinea pig, mental region, and lack of dental canal in resorptive hypercalciuria compared to healthy individuals.

 Doxorubicin (DOX), in addition to its anti-cancer properties, causes toxicity and increases the apoptosis of healthy tissues. The objective of the current research was to explore the concurrent influence of an eight-week aerobic training regimen combined with crocin supplementation on the apoptosis induced by DOX within the soleus muscle tissue of male rodents.

 In this study, a cohort of 40 male Wistar rats, each weighing between 200 and 220 g and approximately 8 weeks old, were systematically distributed into five distinct experimental clusters, including a healthy control (normal saline) and a patient control (intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg of DOX ). The other clusters were DOX-exercise (intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg of DOX with eight weeks of treadmill/5 days a week), DOX-crocin (intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg) 2 kg of DOX along with 10 mg/kg of crocin extract/8 weeks), and DOX-exercise-crocin.

 The administration of DOX was associated with a notable elevation in Bax and a reduction in Bcl-2 expression (P=0.001 and P=0.001). In contrast, engaging in eight weeks of aerobic exercise, ingesting crocin, or a synergistic approach combining both interventions resulted in a marked upregulation of Bcl-2 expression (P=0.001). This combined treatment also led to a significant diminution in the Bax mRNA (P=0.006) and a decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (P=0.001) within the soleus muscle tissue of male rodents subjected to DOX exposure.

 Aerobic exercise with crocin supplementation could inhibit apoptosis caused by DOX in the soleus muscle of male rats.

 While sperm freezing has proven to be beneficial for addressing clinical needs, it can also have negative impacts on sperm function. However, it has been observed that additives with antioxidant properties can help alleviate the damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cold shock. The objective of this research was to examine the effects of incorporating vitamin B12 and Myo-inositol into the freezing medium on human sperm and how they influence sperm parameters.

 The semen samples of 20 people with normal fertility were divided into four equal parts after preparation, including the control group, vitamin B12, Myo-inositol, and both vitamin B12 and Myo-inositol. Sperm parameters were examined after melting and washing the samples. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 23) and analysis of variance (P<0.05).

 The results revealed that the groups receiving antioxidants experienced a significant improvement in sperm motility, viability, morphology, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels compared to the control group. Based on the obtained data, the average sperm motility in the control group was 40.65±4, which was less than that of the B12 group’s average (49.5±5.92), the Myo-inositol group (68.70±15.42), and the vitamin B12+Myo-inositol group (71.5±8.63), and this difference was significant (P<.001).

 According to the findings, the quality of sperm and the rate of recovery of sperm parameters increase with an increase in the TAC concentration and a decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration.

 Injecting healthy blood on time can save patients’ lives; on the other hand, delaying the start of transfusion or injecting unhealthy and wrong blood can cause fatal risks. This study aimed to survey the risks of transfusion events as a systematic review.

 In this systematic review, the data associated with transfusion complications were collected by reviewing the literature published from 2001 to 2023 and indexed in various databases using related keywords. Then, the articles were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The collected data were recorded in Excel, and conclusions were drawn based on the available data.

 The findings of this study revealed that the most important complications in patients who had blood transfusion are alloimmunization against Rh antigens (mainly anti-E, anti-D, anti-C, and anti-c) and anti-Kell alloantibodies, especially in patients with thalassemia. Although some cases of ABO antigens and anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) were also reported, allergic and febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs) occurred mainly in the Iranian population.

 The results showed that the risks of blood transfusion generally include complications that may be preventable by better pretransfusion assessment and monitoring, and many of them can be prevented by strengthening the hemovigilance system and improving the equipment and skills of the staff. Consequently, most transfusion reactions can be prevented and reduced.

Anatomical changes of the abdominal aorta artery are highly important in the liver, pancreas, bile ducts, liver transplantation, and abdominal radiological interventions, and knowing about them can reduce the risk of complications from surgery. In this case, an 80-year-old man had anatomical changes in the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries. This person had a celiac arterial trunk, which had a left gastric branch, a splenic branch, and a branch to the diaphragm. In addition to its main branches, the upper mesenteric artery had a hepatic artery (HA) moving toward the liver. Knowing the changes in the celiac trunk and HA is highly essential for designing some abdominal surgeries, including liver transplants, pancreatoduodenectomy, biliary reconstruction, gastrectomy, and other abdominal disorders.

Tramadol, is frequently misused and leading to an increase in cases of overdose and poisoning worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and paraclinical consequences of tramadol poisoning and related factors. This was a retrospective study performed on patients with acute tramadol poisoning who were referred to the Amir Al-Momenin Hospital Emergency Department, Zabol, during 2019-2020. Patients’ socio-demographic information and clinical and paraclinical manifestations were collected in a predesigned checklist. Overall, 71 subjects were included in this study. The mean dose of tramadol was 640.14 ± 521 mg. Seizures occurred in 17 subjects that were not dose-dependent. In patients who died or were in a coma, pH, bicarbonate (HCO3 ), and oxygen saturation (O2 sat) levels decreased, while PCO2 levels increased significantly (P < 0.05). The dose of tramadol used in the poisoning of this substance played no role in the course of the disease and the prognosis of patients, but low pH, HCO3 , O2 sat, and high CO2 pressure could be related to the outcome of these patients.