parisa habibi

This study investigated the effects of young plasma therapy (YPT) compared to estrogen therapy (E2T) on motor and cognitive impairments in aged ovariectomized (OVX) rats.

Sixty female Wistar rats were divided as follows: 1). 2-3 months control young group. Five 22-24 months old groups: 1) Control, 2) Sham, 3) OVX, 4) OVX.E2, and 5) OVX.YP. Young plasma (1 ml plasma, through the tail vein, 3 days weekly for 4 weeks) and E2 (30 mg/kg, SC, 5 days weekly for 4 weeks) were administrated to OVX rats. The open field, elevated plus maze, and Barne’s maze were used to assess the behaviors. Then, miR-134 and miR-124 (RT- RCR), SIRT1, CREB, and BDNF (western blot), and anti-oxidants/oxidants markers (Photometry) levels were assessed in the rat’s hippocampal tissues.

OVX caused up-regulated hippocampal miR-134 and miR-124 expression levels (P<0.001) while down-regulated SIRT1, CREB, and BDNF protein expressions (P<0.001). Also, ovariectomy Increased TOS, OSI, and MDA (P<0.001) while decreasing TAC (P<0.001) compared to sham. Treatment with both E2T and YPT significantly improved all oxidative stress indexes (P<0.0.001) and increased p-CREB, BDNF, and SIRT1 protein levels (P<0.05, P<0.01) while decreasing the expression of miR-134 and miR-124 (P<0.001). 

YPT is a non-pharmacological therapeutic as much as or more than E-2T, which can exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory potential in the hippocampal tissue and improve cognitive deficits in aged OVX rats without unknown side effects.

To date, one of the main areas of research is the creation of breeds with inherent resistance to digestive nematodes in sheep. In this context, resistance to digestive nematodes has exhibited significant phenotypic differences within and between sheep breeds, suggesting a genetic basis for these differences. According to the list of effective candidate genes and the identified gene network for parasite resistance in sheep, there are genes involved in the immune system, such as the interferon-γ gene (IFN-γ). Cytokinin is involved in biochemical immune system signaling pathways, parasite resistance, and immunological responses. In addition, certain mutations in this gene impair the ability of specialized cells of the immune system to fight off parasite invasion. One of the most popular approaches to generating gene expression data for genome function studies is DNA microarray technology, which allows the simultaneous expression of thousands of genes. Proteomics and genomics are two application areas of microarray technology. This research aims to identify and categorize some of the genes involved in the relative genetic resistance of sheep to nematode infection using microarray data.

In this context, the GEO-Bank, part of the NCBI, was searched for access to open-access databases. Downloaded microarray data corresponded to infection with parasitic nematodes with the best replication (e.g., data in two resistant and sensitive groups), and the set of genes with differential expression was identified using R -based appropriate software packages (Biobase, GEOquery, limma, affy, Genfilter, Pheatmap, Plyr, Reshape2, and Ggplot2). Raw data were measured on a logarithmic scale, and the P-value fit statistics were used for expression comparisons between gene groups.

The main analysis was performed after precorrection and processing of the raw data because of the high intragroup variance of the data, as evidenced by the observed quality control results of the raw data and the quality control-related results of the integrated data. After pre-processing of the raw data, correlation analysis revealed a strong relationship between genes in the pre-Inf group (Pre-Inf) and the infected group (Inf) compared to the control group. Three heatmap reference charts, a PCA chart, and a volcano plot were used to verify data quality, and by verifying these charts, samples of unfavorable quality were removed from the next stages of analysis. After a bioinformatics analysis, the results showed significantly increased expression patterns (NACA, RPL4, NAGS, CTCF, GBP1, BHLHE, YTHDF3, PDHA1, and MXI1) and diminished expression patterns of PDHA1 and MXI1 genes. According to the results of this study, these genes play a role in the cellular metabolism process, molecular function, the formation of genetic connections, and cell life. Therefore, they were significant (p-value < 0.05) according to the magnitude of the change. The N-acryl glutamate synthetase (NAGS) gene is the cofactor of the first enzyme involved in the urea cycle in mammals. The functional role of this gene has been identified in many neurological diseases. The CTCF gene has a positive effect on the cells of the immune system and plays a special role in defending against viruses and pathogens that invade the host body. The guanylate binding protein 1 (GBP1) gene plays a role in the body's defense against many infectious pathogens. This gene causes oxidative reactions and autophagy of the host immune system as a barrier to invading pathogens. The methyl adenosine RNA binding 3 gene is more effective in antiviral immunity and is closely linked to the GBP1 gene, which plays a role in the body's resistance to many infectious agents. This gene causes oxidative responses and autophagy of the host immune system against invading pathogens. The PDHA1 pyruvate dehydrogenase gene is involved in immune system metabolism. This gene plays a role in allosteric factor-induced regulation, repair of covalent bonds, and relatively rapid changes in the level of expressed proteins, either through altered gene expression or proteolytic degradation. The MXI1 gene helps control the entry of invading pathogens into the host's body and promotes recovery and healing from infections. The results can be explained by several reasons, including the use of different sample breeds and laboratory techniques, the level of parasite contamination, the age of the test material, the variety of tested nematodes, and inconsistent techniques and tools of the current study with those of previous studies. Other reasons include the climatic differences between the test region and its physical location as well as the use of different RNA and microarray methods. However, the results of the study may be helpful under the related circumstances.

The results of microarrays and differential expression patterns can be of great help to molecularly modify livestock to resist internal parasites. Using more advanced tools, such as next-gene sequencing, will provide more accurate and relevant information.

The effectiveness of various extrinsic and intrinsic regulatory signals on food intake and body weight can be influenced by hypothalamic neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. While several studies emphasize the vital role of regular physical activity in effective weight management, how these molecular and cellular processes interact with physical activity remains an area in need of further exploration. Hence, this study aims to investigate the impact of various long-term physical activities intensities on the regulation of body weight and appetite.

Twenty-one Wistar rats (n=7) were randomized into three groups: 1) Control group, 2) a group engaged in regular exercise at moderate intensity for 24 weeks (24-ME, 5 days each week), and 3) a group frequently and intensively exercising over 24 weeks (24-IE, 5 days each week). Subsequently, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were performed to measure gene expression of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus NPY and POMC, as well as serum levels of acyl-ghrelin and leptin.

The POMC mRNA level decreased in the 24-ME group compared to the control rats. However, intensive regular exercise increased NPY expression compared to the control rats. Inversely, body weight and food intake levels were considerably higher in the 24-ME and 24-IE groups than in the control group. Different intensities of prolonged exercise seem to heighten appetite, eventually increasing body weight through distinct molecular pathways.

Hence, it can be concluded that prolonged intensive exercise may not be a practical approach for weight loss.

Serotonergic system has a role in morphine dependence and withdrawal symptoms via its receptors. On the other hand, the effect of 5-HT2A receptor on withdrawal symptoms has not been evaluated completely. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-HT2A receptor stimulation on morphine withdrawal symptoms in male mice.

This experimental study included twenty eight male NMRI mice (20-25g). Morphine dependency was induced in a five- day schedule by 6, 16, 26, 36, 46, 56 and 66 mg/kg doses respectively. On the fifth day, 2 hours after a single dose of morphine, naloxone was injected (3 mg/kg) and the scores (from 0 to 3) of withdrawal symptoms including number of jumps, teeth chattering, writing, head shakes, limbs shakes, and percentage of body weight loss were recorded for 30min.The treatment group received different doses of TCB-2 (03, and 2.5mg/kg; Intraperitoneally).

Withdrawal symptoms in the morphine-dependent mice were significantly more frequent than those in the control mice. Different doses of TCB-2 significantly increased some of the morphine withdrawal symptoms in the experimental groups.

The present study indicated that stimulation of 5-HT2A receptor via its agonist exacerbated the morphine withdrawal symptoms. Further studies are recommended to better understand the role of the 5-HT2A receptor in morphine dependence and withdrawal.

Poor sleep quality is one of the most common problems in older population. Sleep disorder has negative effects on physical, mental, and social aspects of their life and influences their quality of life.  This study was carried out to assess the sleep quality and its related factors in older adults.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in older adults aged 60 years and over living in Amol, north of Iran who were willing to participate in the study, did not have Alzheimer's disease and major depression, and could respond to questions. They were selected via multi-stage random sampling. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), SF36 Quality Of Life Questionnaire, and Physical Activity Scale For The Elderly (PASE) were used for data collection. A trained researcher filled out the research questionnaires.

Among 401 participants, 191 (47.6%) were women and 276 (68.8%) people were living in urban areas. Findings showed that 192 (47.9%) people had poor sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant relationships between sleep quality and taking sleeping drugs (adjusted OR: 6.57, 95% CI: 2.95-14.60, P=0.001), female gender (aOR: 5.40, 95% CI: 2.81-10.36, P=0.001), and depression (aOR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.21-1.00, P=0.05), and also between physical (aOR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-1.01, P=0.05) and mental (aOR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.99, P=0.05) aspects of life.

Findings revealed a high prevalence of poor sleep quality in the elderly which was associated with female gender, taking sleeping drugs, and depression. So, appropriate interventions are suggested to improve sleep quality in older adults.

Tooth decay is one of the most common problems in the world, which is caused by the growth of biofilm and acid production by them. Many solutions have been used to solve this problem. However, due to the increase in antibiotic resistance of microorganisms and the increasing need for antimicrobial substances, efforts are being made to use natural antimicrobial substances. Lactoferrin is a protein in milk and saliva with antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties. In this research, lactoferrin was encapsulated by nanoliposomes to increase its antimicrobial properties. In order to measure the effect of lactoferrin on the number of bacteria in the polymicrobial biofilm and acid production, each of the free substances or nanoliposomes in 4 concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, 6 mg/ml) in the Active Attachment biofilm model with saliva and culture medium was incubated.The results showed that lactoferrin nanocoating increased the ability to inhibit biofilm and acid production by this bacterium due to the slow release of lactoferrin from liposomes. When increasing the concentration of free and nanoliposomal lactoferrin to a concentration of 3 mg/ml, a significant decrease in the number of bacteria in the biofilm was observed compared to the control sample (P<0.01). However, increasing the concentration of free lactoferrin again increased the number of bacteria in the biofilm. Meanwhile, nanoliposomal lactoferrin at a concentration of 6 mg/ml still caused a decrease in bacteria in the biofilm, which was insignificant compared to the concentration of 3 mg/ml (P>0.01). From the obtained results, it can be concluded that nanoliposomal lactoferrin can be used to design products related to oral and dental health.

Menopause and especially acute menopause due to surgery is associated with many complications in women. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of genistein and regular swimming exercise (alone/or in combination) on pain through a possible mechanism of inflammation and oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats.

In this study, rats were divided into six groups, including: control, sham, ovariectomy (OVX), ovariectomized with eight weeks of swimming exercise training (OVX.E), ovariectomized with eight weeks of genistein administration (OVX.G), and ovariectomized with eight weeks of combined treatment (OVX.G.E). The effects of genistein and/or exercise were evaluated by examining the pain intensity with tail-flick and formalin tests. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also evaluated by ELISA and spectrophotometer.

In the OVX group compared to the control group, tail-flick and formalin tests showed an increase in pain response. Also, a significant increase in the serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, MDA, TOS and a decrease in TAC was observed in the OVX group, however, in the OVX.E, OVX.G and especially OVX.E.G groups, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress as well as pain responses showed a significant decrease compared to the OVX group.

A combination of genistein and regular swimming exercise was synergistically more effective in reducing acute and chronic pain than using them alone in the postmenopausal period.

In this article, the causes of 19-20th-century’s English audience's considerable attention to Hafiz poems are studied regarding the reader-oriented Reception Theory. This approach had special social, cultural, and literary causes defined in the Reception Theory as paradigms. By identifying the social-literary paradigms of England, the literary and social Horizons of Expectation in this period are explained. The Horizon of Expectation is the most important discussion in Reception Theory of Robert Jauss, which includes all literary and social factors which stimulate readers to refer to a literary work. The readers identify their expectations according to these horizons. If their expectations from the text are satisfied, they continue reading; otherwise, the text is considered as a "dead". In the case of Hafiz poems in 19th-20th century, we consider the combinations of horizons and readings. The results show that in these centuries, the social-literary paradigms in Britain were so developed that Hafiz poems could satisfy the social-literal expectations of England and even go beyond them.

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer that affects white blood cells. The disease progresses rapidly mandating immediate treatment. ALL is the most common type of leukemia affecting children. An increase in the miR-222-3p molecule has been observed in the course of this disease. The microarray method can be used to examine the binding of this miRNA and target genes, which is not without limitations. Hence, the present study deployed computer and bioinformatics methods with different specialized software.

Target genes were identified using different algorithms available in Mirbase, TargetScan, NCBI and RNAhybrid databases, and based on the scores obtained, the targets with the highest affinity were identified.

The findings of this study showed that the CDH4, AJAP1, HNRNPA0, UBN1 and ZNF618 genes are potential targets with higher specificity for miR-222-3p.

Factors involved in selecting targets with high specificity and affinity is dependent on the amount of negative free energy and the number of base pairs formed between miRNA and 3'-UTR of different genes.

Advances in technology and discoveries lead to promoting health services and, consequently, improving the quality of patient care services. In the meantime, educational programs and teaching methods play an important role in achieving the goals, and it is necessary to change and update the necessary information in them as technology advances and Crisis times that will take society into coma; Such as infectious diseases like Covid-19; To be able to meet the needs of the human day and health care system maintains its efficiency. Changing curricula to keep pace with existing technologies and innovations is a challenge, even for the best professors at medical universities. "Change" has a protocol of "best principles" developed by "change managers" and must be applied when developing medical education programs. Although different curricula have different outcomes and learning objectives; But the basic principles of change management theory apply to all aspects of change in curricula and include six steps: driving change and setting goals, communicating with stakeholders, planning, monitoring, and evaluation.

Pemphigus consists of a group of rare autoimmune blistering diseases involving the skin and mucous membranes. Pemphigus pathophysiology is mediated by autoantibodies against two desmosomal cadherins, namely, desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and (Dsg) 3 that are present in the skin and mucosal membranes. The involvement of coding and non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of pemphigus has been studied in the literature. MicroRNAs are small RNAs that could also be used as diagnostic biomarkers for some autoimmune diseases. The aim of this research was to explore the potential of this specification of some RNAs to be used as biomarkers for diagnosing pemphigus or its severity. This review discussed RNA expressions in patients with pemphigus.

A comprehensive search was performed on published studies from 1990 to May 2020 using different search engines including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.

In general, 335 articles were obtained according to search keywords. Then, 41 relevant studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. MiR-338-3p, miR-424-5p, and miR-584-5p were among the miRNAs that were reported to be increased in pemphigus. The C3 mRNA, mRNA of CD36, mRNA of CD163, mRNA of urokinase plasminogen activator (PA), IL23R mRNA, RORγt mRNA, and human leukocyte antigen G1 (HLA-G1) mRNA were coding RNAs that increased in pemphigus in addition to the activity of the mRNA of tissue-type PA while HLA-G2 mRNA decreased in pemphigus.

Overall, this study investigated the role of Mir-338-3p, miR-424-5p, MiR-127, miR-584-5p, and some mRNAs in pemphigus, and it was revealed that some RNAs may be impressive on pemphigus. More studies and clinical assessments need more information about the role of RNAs on pemphigus to obtain a better view of their mechanisms and use them as biomarkers for earlier diagnosis or probable treatment.

The present study aimed to assess the effects of the combined use of exercise and genistein on the hippocampal expression of microRNA-132, IGF-1, and BDNF in type 2 diabetic ovariectomized rats.

Wistar female rats in the weight range of 180-220 gr (n=10) were assigned to six groups: sham, ovariectomy, ovariectomized diabetic, ovariectomized diabetic treated with genistein for eight weeks, diabetic ovariectomized treated with swimming for eight weeks, and a group that was treated with both genistein and swimming for eight weeks. The effect of those treatments was assessed by the determination of microRNA-132, insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels within the hippocampus. These genes were evaluated by real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and spatial memory was assessed by the Morris water maze.

Ovariectomy demonstrated a decrease in the expression of microRNA-132, IGF-1, and BDNF in the hippocampus, as well as spatial memory, in diabetic ovariectomized rats, which showed a  greater reduction in the expression of those genes in rats (P<0.05). Nevertheless, genistein administration, swimming training, and a combination of them significantly up-regulated microRNA-132, BDNF, and IGF-1 expression, as well as spatial memory (P<0.05).

As evidenced by the obtained results, the combined use of genistein and swimming could prevent estrogen deficiency effects in the hippocampus of ovariectomized diabetic rats

This study aimed at determining whether an 8-week genistein treatment induced anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress effects in the uterine of Ovariectomized (OVX) Wistar rats.

Three groups were formed including 10 female Wistar rats each: control (sham), ovariectomy group (OVX); OVX + genistein (1 mg/kg, daily SC for eight weeks). The genistein treatment was initiated 10 days after surgery and continued for two months. Renal malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase activity, tumor necrosis factorα (TNF-α), and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Western blot.

Higher amounts of MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β were measured in the OVX group compared to the control group (P < 0.05), however, the amount of SOD, GPX, and catalase were significantly lower. The level of MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β were significantly lower, and SOD, GPX, and catalase activity were on a higher level in OVX + genistein in comparison with the OVX group (P < 0.05). Also, histological observation showed some abnormality in kidney architecture, which was improved by genistein administration.

Genistein is an appropriate treatment in attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys of ovariectomized rats.