فهرست مطالب pegah karimi

Candida albicans is an “opportunistic fungal agent” in cancer patients that can become colonized in both mucosal and deep tissues and cause severe infections. Most evidence has shown that C. albicans can enhance the progress of different cancers by several mechanisms such as generating virulence factors, participation in endogenous production of pro-inflammatory mediators, and stimulating a wide range of immune cells in the host. The main idea of this review is to describe a range of Candida-used mechanisms that are important in candidiasis-associated malignant processes and cancer development, particularly breast cancer. This review intends to provide a detailed discussion on different regulatory mechanisms of C. albicans that undoubtedly help to open new therapeutic horizons of cancer therapy in patients with fungal infection. The current therapeutic approach is not fully effective in immunocompromised and cancer patients, and further studies are required to find new products with effective antifungal properties and minimal side effects to increase the susceptibility of opportunistic fungal infections to conventional antifungal agents. So, in this situation, a special therapy should be considered to control the infection and simultaneously have the most therapeutic index on tumor patients.

In this study, the adjuvant activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of propolis was examined on the inactivated herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1).

BALB/C mice were administered with inactivated (HSV-1; the KOS strain) plus alcoholic and aqueous extracts, followed by assessment of the cellular and humoral immune responses. 

Alcoholic and aqueous extracts, as an adjuvant, revealed a significant increase in lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses versus the HSV-1 group. In addition, HSV-1 plus alcoholic extract showed a remarkable increase in IFN-γ cytokine and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio. On the other hand, both alcoholic and aqueous extracts in the HSV-1 vaccine suppressed the IL-4 cytokine response as compared with the HSV-1 vaccine. In addition, HSV-1 plus alcoholic extract showed a significant increment in IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b isotypes as compared with the HSV-1 vaccine.

Propolis extracts seem to modulate the immune response against inactivated HSV-1 model and can be used as a suitable vaccine adjuvant or a component of a complex adjuvant against infectious diseases.

SARS-CoV-2, emerging as a major threat to public health, has to be controlled through vaccination. Naloxone (NLX), an opioid receptor antagonist, demonstrated its adjuvant activity for microbial vaccines. In this study, inactivated SARS-CoV-2 was developed in the Alum/NLX adjuvant to increase the potency of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. 

BALB/c mice were immunized on days 0 and 14 with inactivated SARS-CoV-2-Alum, -Alum + NLX 3 mg/kg, -Alum + NLX 10 mg/kg, and -Freund adjuvant, as well as PBS. IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines and Granzyme-B release were assessed with ELISA. In addition, specific total IgG, IgG1/IgG2a isotypes, and ratio as well as anti-RBD IgG responses were assessed with an optimized ELISA. 

SARS-CoV-2-Alum-NLX10 group showed a significant increase in the IFN-γ cytokine response versus SARS-CoV-2-Alum, SARS-CoV-2-Alum-NLX3, and PBS groups. The SARS-CoV-2-Alum-NLX3 group exhibited a significant decrease in IL-4 cytokine versus SARS-CoV-2-Alum. The mice immunized with SARS-CoV-2-Alum-NLX10 showed a significant increase in CTL activity versus SARS-CoV-2-Alum and PBS. In addition, mice immunized with SARS-CoV-2-Alum-NLX3, SARS-CoV-2-Alum-NLX10 and SARS-CoV-2-Freund demonstrated an increase in IgG response, as compared with SARS-CoV-2-Alum and PBS group. Furthermore, all formulations of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines could induce both IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes. But, the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio in SARS-CoV-2-Freund and SARS-CoV-2-Alum-NLX10 revealed an increase as compared with that of the SARS-CoV-2-Alum group. Anti-RBD IgG response in the SARS-CoV-2-Alum-NLX10 group showed a significant increase as compared with the Alum-based vaccine. 

Formulation of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus in NLX/alum adjuvant improved the potency of humoral and, especially, cellular responses.

The purpose of this study was to determine effectiveness of emotion regulation on psychological capital and conflict resolution techniques in mothers with a physicaly disabled child in Isfahan.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population in this study included all mothers with adolescents with physical-motor problems of Sepehr Isfahan Welfare Center in 1397-1397, from which 30 mothers of adolescents with physical-motor problems were selected by Multi-stage random sampling and were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. In this study, the psychological capital questionnaires of Lutans et al. (2007) and Rahimchr('39')s conflict management styles (1997) were used. The data were analyzed using covariance analysis.

The results showed that emotion regulation training increased psychological capital and the use of conflict resolution techniques (in mothers with adolescents with physical and motor problems) and this effect has been preserved during the follow-up period.

Holding special courses to promote psychological capital and conflict resolution techniques in mothers with adolescents with physical disabilities is necessary and improves relations in these families.