pegah rahbarinejad

Elderly population are at higher risk of malnutrition that can increase the morbidity and mortality among them. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status and the related factors among elderly nursing home residents. This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled 1062 (439 males, 623 females) elderly living in the elderly nursing home residents in Mashad, Iran. The nutritional status of participants was assessed through a Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form scale and Nutrition Day questionnaires. Among the study participants, 64 (18.5%) were malnourished,142 (31.9%) were at risk of malnutrition and 94 (49.6%) had no malnutrition. Moreover, elderly males were more susceptible to malnutrition (p=0.03). Furthermore, reduced food intake in the past three months was significantly correlated with malnutrition in elderly participants (p=0.001). Also, the lower number of nurses and people who care about nutritional status was significantly associated with the higher malnutrition rate in elderly participants (p=0.02, p=0.03, respectively). The present study showed that more than half of the elderly population living in elderly nursing homes were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) represents a diverse set of disorders that affect the skin and mucous membranes. Ensuring proper nutrition for children and adolescents with Epidermolysis Bullosa is a vital aspect of their treatment plan. The objective of this study is to demonstrate how nutritional intervention in a specialized nutrition clinic can enhance their well-being.

Methods and material: 

This longitudinal study was conducted over a 3-year period at Akbar Children Hospital, a tertiary facility affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Iran. The study included all patients diagnosed with EB based on clinical symptoms and genetic studies.

In the present study, the median (25-75 IQR) age of the participants was 81.0 (36.0-156.0) months, and 19% of the participants were girls. The median (25-75 IQR) weight was 17.5 (10.8-24.5) kg, and the mean ± SD of height was 109.9 ± 31.1 cm. Among all types of malnutrition, there was only a significant association between gastrointestinal complications and BMI-for-age z-score (OR: 0.08, P-value=0.039) in the crude model. After adjustment, there was no significant association between gastrointestinal complications and malnutrition. The mean values of weight at the baseline, the first, and the second appointment of the study were 21.3, 21.2, and 24.8 kg, respectively. Moreover, the mean height at the baseline, the first, and the second appointment of the study were 109.4, 121.0, and 123.4 cm, respectively.

Regular clinic visits and tailored nutritional interventions positively impact EB patients, emphasizing the importance of managing anemia and deficiencies for their well-being.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Children with ASD are at risk of nutritional problems that could impact growth and anthropometric indices over both the short and long term. The aim of present study was to determine prevalence of malnutrition and other factors related to the malnutrition among children and adolescent with autism disorder.To assess the prevalence of malnutrition indicators among preschool children with ASD, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 81 children and adolescents who referred to subspecialized and specialized Autism Akbar Children‘s Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Weight and height measurements were assessed based on standard protocols. The z-score of anthropometric indices was determined for all participants. Participants were asked about nutritional problems by the interview from their parents. In the current study, the mean ± SD of age was 10.1±3.7 years old. Among participants 3.7% were with Diarrhea, 33.3% with Constipation, 4.9% with Reflux, 3.7% with Flatulence, and 1.2% with Steatorrhea. The prevalence of both of food neophobia and food Allergy was 16%. Furthermore, 18.5% had poor appetite, 23.5% had moderate and 58% had good appetite. Based on standardized z-scores, the overall prevalence of under-weight, risk of overweight, overweight, and obese was 1.2%, 22.2%, 12.3%, and 7.4%, respectively. Among participants 4.9% was stunting.Based on aforementioned prevalence, improving nutritional problems and anthropometric indices among ASD children and adolescents are crucial issue.

The increasing prevalence of food allergies in developed and developing countries has raised many questions about that in scientific societies. This prevalence made researchers eager to understand the steps taken to prevent food allergies in children. Children's food allergies are often thought to be the result of exposure to allergens during pregnancy, lactation, and nutrient deficiencies such as vitamin D. in this review, we collected and reviewed new studies about nutritional strategies to prevent food allergies in children. Studies have shown that eliminating food from the mother's diet during pregnancy and lactation is not recommended. Also, despite the many benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for infancy, there is still limited evidence to support food allergy prevention with breastfeeding. Introducing solid foods at 4-6 months of age may reduce the risk of developing allergies in children; therefore, it is not suggested to delay the introduction of food. Also, introducing peanuts and boiled eggs earlier than 12 months of age can reduce the risk of some allergies. There is little evidence to support using a hydrolyzed formula and vitamin D supplement to prevent food allergies. Nutritional interventions to prevent food allergies still have many ambiguous questions; however, it can be said that avoidance of allergenic foods is not suggested, and exposure to foods can induce tolerance.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global public health concern. Additionally, metabolic syndrome stimulated by low-grade systematic inflammation underlies many cardiovascular events. The literature review-based dietary inflammatory index (DII) score has been recently introduced to evaluate a diet's inflammatory properties. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII), with MetS among overweight or obese children and adolescents. In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 336 children and adolescents (48% girls) aged from 6 to 13 years, with WHO body mass index z-score > 1 SD were enrolled. MetS was defined using the cook et al. definition. A valid and reliable semi-quantitative 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect dietary intakes and calculate the DII score. The mean ± SD age of participants was 9.3±1.7 years, 68% were obese, and 83% were in the pubertal stage. The DII ranged from -5.434 to 4.42 with the mean of -2.83 in the first tertile and 1.25 in the last tertile. The many potential confounders were adjusted in the multivariable-adjusted model. DII score had no significant association with metabolic syndrome after adjusting for potential confounders (95% CI 0.29-1.35, P for trend=0.227). We could not observe a significant association between DII and metabolic syndrome. Longitudinal studies in different parts of Iran, including inflammation biomarkers, are needed to enable a more defined view of a diet's inflammatory potential and its association with various inflammatory-based health conditions

Acid-base status, which can be affected by dietary acid load, has been related to risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). In the current study, we investigated the association between dietary acid load and metabolic syndrome among overweight or obese children. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 339 participants, aged 6-13 years old with WHO body mass index z-score > 1 SD. The dietary intake of participants was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores were calculated. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of metabolic syndrome according to the PRAL and NEAP quartile categories. The mean age of the participants was 9.3 years old. Mean PRAL and NEAP scores were −5.32 and -17.92 mEq/day, respectively. In this study, the potential confounders including age, sex, puberty stage, leisure time activity, total energy, and, body fat percentage were adjusted in the multivariable-adjusted model. By using logistic regression, no significant association was observed between PEAL and NEAP with metabolic syndrome (OR= 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.01, P-value= 0.580 and OR= 0.94, 95% CI: 0.25-3.55, P-value= 0.929, respectively), after adjustment for potential confounders. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to evaluate the association between PRAL and NEAP with metabolic syndrome in children.

Fish and seafood are rich in many nutrients, including proteins, amino acids, vitamins, and omega-3 essential fatty acids. Fish are also a rich source of calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium, and iodine. Hence, this study aims to assess the macroelement (Na, K, Ca, Mg, and P) content of liver and muscle in the wild and farmed Capoeta damascina and its beneficial health for the local consumer. Macroelements were investigated in the farmed and wild fish (C. damascina) from Armand River in Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari province, Iran, by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Also, Daily Value % for all macroelements was assessed. Potassium was the most abundant macroelement in tissues of both fish species, whereas sodium was the lowest. There was a significant difference between calcium, magnesium, and potassium in comparing elements content between liver and muscle. However, there was no significant difference in the phosphorus and sodium content. The calcium content of farmed tissues was higher than wild tissues. However, it was not any significant difference in levels of phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and sodium between wild and farmed fish. Also, both wild and farmed fish were excellent sources of phosphorus and good sources of magnesium. Both farmed and wild fish muscle are good sources for phosphorous and magnesium that may reach beneficial health for the local consumers. Farming of C. damascina suggested to less capturing of wild C. damascina for reserving the ecosystem.

One of the most important irresistible world wiles is to supply adequate and appropriate nourishment for children. According to malnutrition spectrum, undernutrition and overnutrition are placed in the two ends of the malnutrition spectrum, which carries on as a key public health issue in developing countries including Iran. Under-nutrition complications including, wasting, stunting and underweight are related to delayed mental development, faltered growth and reduction of intellectual capacity. For 436 participants, anthropometric Z-scores, including weight for height Z-score (WHZ), weight for age Z-score (WAZ), height for age Z score (HAZ), and BMI for age Z-score (BAZ) were added by using Anthro V.3.2.4 and for above 5 years old using Anthro Plus V.1.04 software of the World Health Organization. All of these data classified based on WHO child growth standards guideline. In this study, SPSS was used for statistical analysis. In this interventional study of 2-6 years old children living in Dezful (in the western south part of Iran), among the total study population that surveyed, about %6 had moderate to severe wasting before the intervention which was decreased to about 5% after the intervention. Obesity and overweight did not show a significant difference based on scale. The most remarkable results to emerge from the data is that there was a significant association for the following status: Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), WHZ, WAZ, and BAZ while comparing after intervention with baseline. Whereas, there was no significant association for HAZ which is interpreted as stunting. All of the anthropometric indices were increased after intervention vs baseline. Nutritional education must be conducted more seriously for both healthcare professionals in day care centers and mothers of children. Consequently, intervention program to improve the nutritional status of children aged 2-6 years in day care centers must be promoted and continued to disappear or at least fight against malnutrition. Furthermore, due to no national studies have been planned for the nutritional status of adolescent and adult individuals, in near future, this kind of intervention should be managed for these age groups.