Food and Health
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Spring 2020

To investigate the effect of polyamines and some organic acids’ application on postharvest life of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), an experiment was conducted in 2016. The treatments included putrescine (1, 2, and 3 mM), spermine and spermidine (0.75, 1, and 1.5 mM), ascorbic acid (10, 20, and 30 mM), citric acid (2, 3, and 4 mM), cinnamic acid (50, 100, and 150 mM) and the control. Treatments were used in two stages, before and after harvest, in two separate experiments based on a completely randomized design with three replications. At the end of the experiment, the nutritional value including, K, Ca, Fe, Vitamin C, TSS, and Protein in button mushroom were measured. The results indicated that in post-harvest stages, the maximum level of protein and Vitamin C were obtained in response to use of spermidine 1.5 mM. The maximum value of protein was observed at 3 mM putrescine and 30 mM Vitamin C at post-harvest stages. The maximum level of TSS was shown in spermidine 1 mM in both pre- and post-harvest. The application of treatments affect on micro and macro elements significantly. It can be said that application of treatments in the post-harvest stage has more influence on the nutritional value and durability of button mushroom.

Fluid balance is essential for life. Some studies have shown an association between high intake of water and a low risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the evidence is insufficient or inconsistent to draw substantial conclusions. The author's objective was to review previous studies addressing the influence of drinking water and hydration status on the cardiovascular system. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using relevant terms. Animal and human studies in the English language which were highly relevant to the topic were selected and summarized. Drinking about half a liter of water rapidly raises sympathetic activity as much as classic sympathetic stimuli such as caffeine and increases plasma norepinephrine leading to peripheral vasoconstriction. However, cardiac vagal tone enhancement with water ingestion buffers the pressor effects of sympathetic activation. Dehydration leads to mild hypernatremia which gradually causes changes such as increased blood viscosity, hemoconcentration, inflammatory signals, platelet activation and aggregation, adhesive properties of endothelial cells, thrombogenesis, and so on, all of which are harmful to the cardiovascular system. Overhydration can result in water intoxication and increase coagulability. Both dehydration and overhydration are associated with several adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the data regarding how much water can reduce the risk of heart disease is limited and the results are also controversial. More research is needed to confirm the observed associations between hydration status and cardiovascular diseases.

Imbalance in the production of oxidative molecules and antioxidant activity plays an important role in carcinogenesis. This study was performed to evaluate the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) as oxidative damage marker, superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as an antioxidant defense system in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Twenty-five NHL patients and twenty-five healthy individuals were included in the study. The data showed that lower activity of enzymatic antioxidants (GPx, SOD) and higher MDA levels in NHL patients than in the control group. The results suggest that increased serum MDA and decreased SOD and GPx activity may be due to oxidative stress, which may play an important role in NHL formation. the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the NHL has not been extensively studied. Therefore, the present study aimed to measure the level of MDA as well as GPx and SOD activity in blood tissue collected from NHL patients compared with the control group.

Biodegradable active packaging containing essential oils with antimicrobial properties is one alternative strategy that can be considered by the food packing industry to reduce the use of environmentally harmful synthetic polymers. Chitosan is a safe, natural, no allergen, and biocompatible polymer with health benefits. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chitosan coating contain Ajwain essential oil (AEO) on the shelf-life of chicken breast meat during refrigerated storage. AEO was extracted and its composition was analyzed by GC/MS, the AEO was added to chitosan solution in different concentrations (0, 0.5%, and 1% (v/v)) and chicken breast meat was coated by chitosan solution, The microbiological properties of chicken breast meats, such Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB), Enterobacteriaceae, total aerobic psychrotrophic bacteria (APB), and Pseudomonas spp. were determined during 13 days of storage. The results showed that using of AEO has significant effects on the reduction of all followed groups of microorganisms compared with the control group. In the present study, 1% v/v AEO treatment was the most effective in microbial groups throughout the storage period. This study showed that chitosan coating contains 1% AEO have good antimicrobial activity and can be used to extend the shelf-life of the meat products.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global public health concern. Additionally, metabolic syndrome stimulated by low-grade systematic inflammation underlies many cardiovascular events. The literature review-based dietary inflammatory index (DII) score has been recently introduced to evaluate a diet's inflammatory properties. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII), with MetS among overweight or obese children and adolescents. In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 336 children and adolescents (48% girls) aged from 6 to 13 years, with WHO body mass index z-score > 1 SD were enrolled. MetS was defined using the cook et al. definition. A valid and reliable semi-quantitative 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect dietary intakes and calculate the DII score. The mean ± SD age of participants was 9.3±1.7 years, 68% were obese, and 83% were in the pubertal stage. The DII ranged from -5.434 to 4.42 with the mean of -2.83 in the first tertile and 1.25 in the last tertile. The many potential confounders were adjusted in the multivariable-adjusted model. DII score had no significant association with metabolic syndrome after adjusting for potential confounders (95% CI 0.29-1.35, P for trend=0.227). We could not observe a significant association between DII and metabolic syndrome. Longitudinal studies in different parts of Iran, including inflammation biomarkers, are needed to enable a more defined view of a diet's inflammatory potential and its association with various inflammatory-based health conditions

Minarine is a cream obtained by mixture of animal cream and vegetable oils. Fat crystallization is the main stage in production of this product and affects its mouth-feel, stability, texture and appearance. Processing conditions influencing the fat crystallization, partial coalescence and finally physical and structural properties of whipped cream are heat treatment (pasteurization and sterilization), homogenization, cooling rate, aging process, tempering and temperature, time and speed of whipping. The objective of this study is to characterize the effects of fast cooling by ice cream maker to 5 ºC and aging process at this temperature for 24 hours, on whipping, rheological, textural, crystallographic and thermal properties of frozen minarine. Results illustrated that the most desirable whipping properties (overrun=114.8% and syneresis=3.6mm) and the highest rheological and textural properties, γLVR (0.33), G' (40850 Pa) and firmness (642 g), were belonged to sample FCA due to the formation of denser crystalline network resulting from fast cooling and aging process. Wide angle X-ray scattering spectra shows that α -crystals were mainly formed upon fast cooling then, a transition from α to β'-crystals took place during aging process. Also according to differential scanning calorimetric results, the endothermal peak temperature was shifted to higher temperatures due to fast cooling and aging processes.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a virulent tumor rising in the interior wall of the large bowel. CRC is the third deadliest cancer globally and is the 4th common in Iran. Fisetin is a flavone which is present in some fruits and vegetables and is suggested to have beneficial effects on human cancer cells. In the present study, we summarized the potential mechanisms of the effect of fisetin on CRC. Electronic literature searches were conducted on Medline, Web of science and Google Scholar until March 2020. Our search was supplemented with the search of publisher databases like Elsevier and Springer. The search was conducted with “Fisetin” in combination with the following keywords: Colorectal Neoplasms, Colon, Rectum, Apoptosis, Inflammation and “Precancerous Lesions” among human, animal and in-vitro studies. 14 articles during 2005 and 2018 assessed the effect of fisetin on CRC. One was RCT, 3 of them were animal studies and 10 papers were performed on cell culture. Our Findings, suggested that fisetin may have positive effects on cancer cells due to its anti-inflammatory, apoptotic, anti-oxidative and cell cycle modifying properties. According to the literature, it seems that fisetin induces cell cycle arrest and suppresses cellular growth by modulating through some signaling pathways like inhibition of CDKs and fisetin decreases protein levels of cell division cycles like CDC 2 and CDC25C. Fisetin may also induce cell apoptosis cascades such as activation of caspase 3, 7 and cleavage of procaspase 3 and inhibition of caspase 8. Fisetin also may have anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting PGE2 production and expression of COX2. Additionally, it may have some anti-oxidant effects by reducing some tumor markers and enhancement levels of some anti-oxidants agents.