فهرست مطالب pejman moradi

Different types of Ephedra have two bases, and these two bases are similar in appearance. These medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites such as alkaloids. The aim of the present research was to study the dibasic alkaloids of two species to identify the male and female bases in the early growth period. In June 2017, male and female shoots of Ephedra major Host from Bijar Kurdistan and Ephedra intermedia Schrenket were collected from Saveh. Alkaloid extracts were prepared from the shoots of male and female bases and the compounds of the extracts were studied by thin layer chromatography and mass gas chromatography. Chromatography of the alkaloid thin layer of the shoots of the male and female stems of Ephedra major Host and Ephedra intermedia Schrenket showed that the two stems differ from each other in terms of the type of alkaloid. Mass gas chromatography showed that there are more than 24 and 28 alkaloids in the alkaloid extract of the bases of the female and male Ephedra major Host, respectively, and 19 and 20 alkaloids in the Ephedra intermedia Schrenket, respectively, with more than 0.2 mgg-1dw. The most alkaloids in Ephedra major Host female base were 2-Oxazolidinone and three important medicinal alkaloids ephedrine, amphetamine and serotonin and the most alkaloids in the male base were psedovaphedrine, ephedrine and 2-Oxazolidinone. Most alkaloids were different in two bases. Alkaloids ephedraoxane, tetramethyluric acid, ergotamine, and phendimetrazine were the four important medicinal alkaloids in the base of Ephedra intermedia Schrenket substance. Most of the base alkaloids of male and female Ephedra intermedia Schrenket were different. It was not observed in both bases of Ephedra internesia Schrenket, ephedrine and psedovaphedrine. two species of Ephedra and male and female bases, each of them are different in terms of alkaloids and other effective substances, and by considering a different alkaloid, they can be identified in the early stages of growth.

In the present study, the effects of Cocopeat, Nipeat and Perlite on the morphological, physiological and photosynthetic performance of watermelon seedlings were studied based on randomized complete block design. Plant seeds after preparation were cultured in 6 culture media including 1) 100% cocopeat (CP100); 2) 100% Nipeat (NP100); 3) 50% Cocopit+50% Nipeat (CP50+NP50); 4) 25% cocopeat + 50% Nipeat + 25% Perlite (CP25NP50P50); 5) 50% Nipeat +50% Perlite (NP50+P50); 6) 70% Nipeat + 30% Perlite (NP70+P30). Germination indicators such as germination percentage and rate were calculated and after the seedlings reached the stage of transfer to the field, morphological, physiological and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics were examined. The results indicated a high vegetative performance of the Watermelon seedlings in the CP100 treatment, but in the substrates containing perlite, a decrease in all the studied morphological traits and photosynthesis performance was observed. When CP100 culture medium was used, the highest amount of chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoids and relative content of leaf water and the lowest amount of proline were reported. Therefore, according to the results obtained in the present research, it can be stated that the use of 100% cocopeat can lead to better growth of Watermelon seedlings.

One of the factors involved in the high quality production of vegetable seedlings is the type of cultivation medium. In the present study, the effects of Cocopeat, Nipeat, and perlite on the morphological, physiological traits, and photosynthetic performance of lettuce seedlings were studied in the form of randomized complete block design. After preparation, the seeds were cultivated in culture beds including ) cocopeat (CP ); ) Nipeat (NP ); ) Cocopit+ Nipeat (CP +NP ); ) cocopeat + Nipeat + Perlite (CP NP P ); ) Nipeat + Perlite (NP +P ); ) Nipeat + Perlite (NP +P ). At first, germination indicators such as the germination percentage and rate of lettuce seeds were calculated and after the seedlings reached the stage of transfer to the field, the morphological, physiological and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics were investigated. The results indicated a high vegetative performance of lettuce seedlings in the CP treatment, but in the substrates containing perlite, a decrease in all the studied morphological traits and photosynthesis performance was observed. The highest amount of chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoids and relative content of leaf water and the lowest amount of proline were reported in CP culture medium. Therefore, in general, it can be concluded that using cocopeat can lead to better growth of lettuce seedlings.

Our objective was to undertake the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Grapefruit (Citrus paradise) peel extract and evaluate the effects of silver nanoparticles on Botrytis cinerea.

The silver nanoparticles formation was evaluated at different temperatures and concentrations of AgNO3. The experiment was conducted during 2015 at Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by Grapefruit's peel through a simple green and eco-friendly route. Aqueous extract of Grapefruit's peel was used synthesize nanosilver. The size of nanoparticle was determined at 5-65 nm, with SPR absorption at 420 nm in UV-Vis spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) revealed that the synthesized nanoparticle was face centered. The silver nanoparticles characterized for their size and shape using scanning electron microscopy and TEM, respectively. XRD was used to determine the concentration of metal ions. Result indicated that nanosilver reduced the growth of Botrytis cinerea inviro culture. The highest antifungal effect was seen in the treatment with 40g/l nanosilver. In the other hand, the effect of nanosilver and time on diameter growth of Botrytis cinerea was not significant, individually (p≤1%).

No limitations were founded.

Green Synthesis of Nano is a reliable method for the nanoparticles synthesis and environmentally friendly approach.

Proximal humeral fracture (PHF) is a common orthopedic injury that constitutes 4% - 5% of all fractures. An appropriate treatment for PHF is very challenging. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques are presented to reduce soft tissue damage and save biological tissues at the fracture site. The current study aimed at investigating the clinical, functional, and the radiographic results, as well as complications of the surgical treatment of PHF with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO).

24 patients with proximal humeral fracture, classified according to Neer classification, aged over 18 years, from 2013 to 2014, with closed and displaced pattern underwent surgery by MIPO technique. In the follow-up period, patients were clinically evaluated using the criteria for the arm, shoulder, and hand disabilities (DASH score) and visual analogue scale (VAS). All complications related to the surgery and fracture healing were recorded.

Data regarding the 24 studied patients with themean age of 57.6±4.11 years were analyzed. In the current study, one patient presented superficial wound infection. Three patients had axillary nerve injury (12.5 %). In two cases subacromial impingement (SAI) due to greater tuberosity avulsion was observed. The motion range of forward flexion, abduction, and external rotation were 141 ± 39, 129±31, and 28±22 degrees, respectively. In the final visit, the averageDASH and VAS scores were 3.6±2.21 and 3.1±1, respectively.

Considering the reasonable functional and radiological results, low pain intensity, and finally low incidence of complications after surgery, the MIPO technique can be properly employed to treat proximal humeral fractures.

Brain injury is a brain dysfunction disorder. One of the main problems of patients with brain injury is high level language defect, such as naming. Naming test is essential for assessing language content ability. Since improving the ability of naming can have positive effects on patients’ communication, these aspects of speech and language disorders were decided to be investigated in patients with head injury so as to help Speech-language pathologists to design an appropriate treatment plan.
The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 25 hospitalized patients with mild brain injury (20 males and 5 females). Patients were selected based on the Glasgow coma scale (above 13), according to a neurologist diagnosis. Naming assessment was performed using two tests: confrontational naming and verbal fluency.
Intra-class Correlation Coefficient obtained in the first and the second stages of picture naming was 0.856, which is a high reliability index. Patients were better in semantic fluency than in phonemic fluency. Also, pearson correlation test showed a mild to moderate positive correlation between the average picture naming and verbal fluency (r=0.337, p=0.100).
Since naming skill is one of the language neuropsychology tests and its evaluation is important in executive function, assessment of these problems is essential for intervention planning in traumatic brain injury patients.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of foliar salicylic acid (SA) and citric acid (CA) applications on growth, biochemical characteristics and essential oil content of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) grown under field conditions. Salicylic acid (0.5 and 1 mM) and citric acid (5 and 10 mM) were applied three times during the vegetation at 15 day intervals. Results revealed that foliar application of SA and CA significantly enhanced the vegetative characters i.e. fresh and dry weight of thyme as well as pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoids) content and essential oil production (1.3 fold as compared to control). There was a positive correlation between fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll a and essential oil. Citric acid treatment especially at 10 mM decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content. According to our results, applications SA at rate of 0.5- or CA at 5 mM should be recommended in order to improve yield and essential oil production in thyme.

Alkaptonuria is a rare metabolic disorder. Symptoms include discoloration of tissues and degenerative joint disease and urinary stones. A 60-year-old man was admitted due to knee and hip pain. Brown lesions on the eye, ear, hand and fingers were visible. Limitation of motion of the hip and knee and elbow was present on both sides. He had history of kidney stones ad Achilles tendon rupture. During hip arthroplasty, black lesions on the greater trochanter and femoral head were visible.