r mirzaei

The spatial arrangement of housing, pertaining to the interconnection of spatial components, exhibits an intricate relationship with all architectural challenges and concerns. Consequently, the objective of this research endeavor is to scrutinize and explore the arrangement of modern structures in Mashhad, aiming to identify discernible patterns.

The current investigation adopted a practical approach and was carried out within the confines of Mashhad city in 2021, employing a mixed qualitative-quantitative methodology. A comparative-descriptive analysis was performed on the residential layouts of Mashhad city. The sampling technique utilized was random, leading to the selection of a cluster comprising 61 samples from 17 districts of Mashhad.

A total of 44 distinct graphs were observed, with the predominant layouts in Mashhad being those consisting of six or seven nodes. These nodes typically encompass areas such as the entrance space, reception area, parents' bedroom, child's bedroom, kitchen, and bathroom. Analysis of the connection parameter revealed that the minimum maximum value among the depicted graphs was 2, whereas the maximum peak value stood at 4. In terms of the selection parameter, the highest rating reached 2 due to the limited number of internal spaces, while the lowest rating was 1.

The primary structure common to all graphs entails an entrance space leading to a reception area. Spatial organization has been prominently upheld in the majority of designs, with particular emphasis on the kitchen and service areas as pivotal zones within the layouts.

Stability is one of the major issues in orthodontics. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the rate of relapse of mandibular incisors.

This Single-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial consisted of twenty patients (aged 12-18 years) seeking orthodontic treatment. The subjects were divided into two groups with randomly permuted blocks (n=10): experimental and control groups. The Little’s irregularity index was measured on plaster models prior to treatment using American Board of Orthodontic Measuring Gauge. After unraveling of initial crowding, archwires on mandibular anterior segments of both groups were removed. The experimental group received Low-Level Diode Laser at 808 nm wavelength, 250 mW power, 4J energy and continuous wave mode, on coronal third of lower central and lateral incisors and canines’ roots for sixteen seconds three times a week, within a four-week period. The relapse rate was quantified on each plaster model using Little’s irregularity index at the end of first (T1), second (T2), third (T3), and fourth (T4) weeks.

The study population consisted of twenty patients aged 12-18 years who had 5-9 mm crowding and proper oral hygiene. At T1, the relapse rate was 0 mm and 0.05±0.15 mm in experimental and control group, respectively, which was not statistically significant (p=0.343). Over the following weeks, however, there was statistically significant difference between the relapse rate of the two groups (p=0.003). The mean rate of relapse percentage was 4.48±4.31 mm in experimental and 12.06±5.52 mm in control group, which was significantly lower in Low-Level Laser Therapy group.

The application of Low-Level Laser Therapy at 808 nm wavelength on mandibular incisors during orthodontic retention phase may slow down the relapse rate. Therefore, it could be considered as an effective adjunct to reduce immediate relapse.

Identifying suitable models for estimating soil erosion is one of the most importantissues facing decision makers and managers in comprehensive planning and management ofsoil and water. In this research, with the purpose of estimating soil erosion in LorestanProvince, the conventional SLEMSA method was jointly used with OWA (orderedweighted averaging) multi-criteria evaluation method. The results showed that in theSLEMSA model, erosion classes with very low and very high erosion rates with an area of16334 and 167 km2, covered the largest (58.7%) and the smallest areas of the region (0.6%),respectively. In the OWA method, on average, 63.67% of the area covering 18007 km2 waslocated in a very low erosion class, while the very high erosion class with an area of 956.5km2, comprised 5.85% of the study area. The results of this research showed that besidesusing the SLEMSA model, the OWA method introducing a decision environment with riskand uncertainties can be used to estimate erosion, and its output can lead to a relativelyprecise assessment of the soil erosion in a short time and at a low cost for a vast area likeLorestan Province.

The aim of the present study was to estimate the population parameters including length-weight relationship (LWR), condition factor (KF), relation condition factor (Kn), age, growth and mortality of Alburnus mossulensis in Azad dam and Komasi River in Kordestan Province, Iran. Of 522 specimens, the fork length, total length and weight of A. mossulensis ranged from 70 to 164, 75-175 mm, and 4.3 to 48.1 g and averaged (±SD) 114.0 (±15.97), 127.5 (±25.29) mm and 18.2 (±5.61) g, respectively. The length-weight regression was W=0.0003×FL2.7434 indicating a negative allometric growth. The sex ratio (M:F) was 1:0.49, for adult A. mossulensis (n=134) which differed significantly from the expected 1:1 ratio (p<0.001). The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated as L∞=170.3 mm, K=0.46 yr-1, t0=-0.59 yr. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality was estimated as 0.85 yr-1. The average of condition factor (KF) was 1.27(±0.161). Statistically significant differences were found in KF during different seasons (p<0.001). There was a significantly negative correlation between FL and KF (r2=0.60). The average of relative condition factor (Kn) was 1.06±(0.130). In the present study, the Kn of A. mossulensis were close to 1 and greater than 1 in Komasi River and reservoir, respectively. These results suggested the well-being of the fish was good in Azad Dam region.

Whole body vibration occurs when human is on a vibrating surface and the vibration influences parts of the body which are far from the contacted part. Up to now, various health-related problems due to whole body vibration have been reported, including back pain, sciatica, gastrointestinal problems, genital problems and hearing impairment. In the present research, vibration was measured about 2000 minutes in 23 train of 4 active lines of Tehran metro in order to determine the rate of subway drivers’ exposed to whole body vibration.

Vibration meter and SVAN 958 analyzer, made by Svantek company, were utilized for measuring the whole body vibration. The level of weighted r.m.s acceleration for each axis, the combination of axes, peak factor, VDV and other common exiting ratios in the standard were measured and calculated according to ISO 2631-1.

Findings showed that according to Basic method drivers exposure to vibration is less than the lowest value of health guide critical region (<0.45m/s2). However, based on Vibration Dose Valuation (VDV), the exposure of 12 cases were higher than the lowest value (<8.5 m/s1.75) and only 11 cases were lower than the mentioned amount.

Investigation of the result obtained from Basic method and VDV method manifested different amounts of vibration exposure in a way that VDV predicts higher level of risk, compared to basic method. The results shows that some presented indicators can not presented the safe zone in human vibration evaluations.

Nowadays, work related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common problems in the workplaces.

The goal of this study was to assess the potential of musculoskeletal disorders in upper extremity among workers of an electronic company.

In this analytical study, 50 workers were selected by simple random sampling method from assembly line workers of a TV manufacturing company. Data were collected using the strain index (SI) method. Then, Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ) was completed for every worker to determine the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders. With regards to the scoring factors in the strain index method, their jobs were categorized into safe and hazardous jobs and musculoskeletal risk factors were assessed. Data were analyzed by chi-square test.

According to the SI scoring method, 64% of cases in right hand and 42% of cases in left hand were hazardous. Most prevalent disorders were related to waist & shoulder (48%), wrist (32%), neck (28%) and back (24%), respectively. Chi-square test was performed between age, employment period, gender, job type and SI with the musculoskeletal disorders and only a significant association between age and shoulder pain was found (P<0.05).

This study showed that the frequency of the disorders especially in waist, shoulder, neck, back and unsafe cases in SI method is considerable. Developing an appropriate intervention would be effective in reducing these disorders.

Hepatitis B virus is the most frequent cause of acute and chronic hepatitis in the world. HBeAg should be assessed in the carriers of hepatitis B virus for the viral replication status. HBeAg+ patients with elevated aminotransferase should be treated with antiviral agents. Our aim was to determine the frequency of HBeAg positivity and the level of hepatic aminotransferase in the HBsAg+ population.

In a case-control study in 2006, 144 infected patients with hepatitis B virus were examined for the presence of HBeAg and the level of serum aminotransferase by ELISA and biochemical test. The patients were selcted from Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad city.

The frequencies of male and female in 144 hepatitis B infected patients were 94 and 50, respectively. They were between 2 to 85 years old with the mean of 37.4±2.3. Serum HBeAg was positive in 26 patients (18% of the total) with a mean serum AST level of 83 IU/L. HBeAg- group had a mean AST level of 56.2 IU/L. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the mean serum levels of AST between two groups (P=0.007). There was also a significant difference in the levels of serum ALT between HBeAg+ (79 IU/L) and HBeAg- (73.7 IU/L) groups (P=0.018).

Based on our results the HBeAg positivity is associated with the increased level of liver enzymes. So the impact of HBeAg marker on serum level of hepatic aminotransferase in HBsAg+ patients should be assessed in future studies.