rahim rostami

The involvement of essential trace elements in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) has been suggested, although the available evidence is limited.

The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between serum selenium (Se), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) status with thyroid auto-antibodies and thyroid echogenicity in women with newly diagnosed HT.

A cohort of newly diagnosed female HTs (n = 56) and matched controls (n = 64) were recruited. Serum Se, Fe, Zn, and Cu were measured by furnace graphite atomic absorption spectrometry (FGAAS). Thyroid hormone profiles and thyroid autoantibodies were assessed via ELISA.

In HTs, mean serum Se, Fe, and Zn were significantly lower, while serum Cu was higher in HTs compared to controls (64.11 ± 20.75 vs. 92.3 ± 29.36 μg/L, 53.67 ± 14.09 vs. 70.38 ± 18.44 μg/dL, 64.38 ± 18.88 vs. 90.89 ± 29.99 μg/dL, and 101.18 ± 33.40 vs. 82.2 ± 26.82 μg/dL; all P < 0.001). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation between serum Se, Zn, and Cu with thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) levels (P < 0.001). While no significant correlation was observed between thyroid antibodies and serum Fe levels, logistic regression revealed associations between thyroid antibodies and serum Fe. Upon dividing serum Se and Zn into quartiles, there was a significant alteration in the levels of TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab, with a reduction in the levels of antibodies observed from the first quartile to the fourth quartile.

We conclude that Se, Fe, and Zn deficiency, coupled with increased Cu levels, are associated with elevated thyroid antibodies in the setting of Hashimoto Thyroiditis.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the main cause of death and is characterized by atherosclerosis in coronary arteries. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the progression and development of atherosclerosis.

The present study consisted of 132 Iranian individuals who underwent coronary angiography, 65 patients with CAD, and 67 controls. The matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), TNF-α, IL-6, and vitamin D serum levels were measured by the ELISA technique. The gene expression of MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) was estimated by real-time PCR assay.

A considerable increase in levels and PBMC gene expression of MMP-9 and serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were found in CAD patients compared with controls. A significant decrease was detected in vitamin D levels of CAD patients in comparison with controls. A considerable direct correlation was found between MMP-9 levels and MMP-9 and TIMP1 gene expression in CAD patients. MMP-9 levels positively correlated with LDL-C in CAD patients. The correlation between TIMP1 gene expression and IL-6 levels was also negatively significant. There were positive correlations between MMP-9 levels with IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels in CAD patients.

This study showed that the interaction between MMPs, TIMP1, and cytokines could play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The present study suggested that high levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and vitamin D deficiency in our studied patients could disturb the MMP-9/TIMP-1 balance and lipid metabolism, leading to plaque formation/ rupture in predisposed CAD patients.

The phenomenon of suicide in Mazandaran province is influenced by social (sense of social inequality and lacking social cohesion), cultural (wrong beliefs, individuals' weak socialization, and generation gap), and economic (economic crisis and economic problems) variables. Nevertheless, in terms of causal conditions, the phenomenon of suicide in Mazandaran province is linked to individual factors such as love failure, addiction, and mental-psychological problems. These factors directly affect the phenomenon of suicide or suicide attempts, especially for young people. Love failure, false love, failure in dealing with emotional matters, alcohol addiction, medicine abuse, drug addiction, suicidal thoughts, mental disorder, depression and anxiety, hopelessness, sense of uselessness and worthlessness, dissatisfaction with life, failure to achieve goals, etc. personal factors that are distinct in different people. However, by considering the conditions of the interventionist as well as the described suicide bases, each of these factors independently could lead to the phenomenon of suicide in Mazandaran province. The most frequent suicide tools are rice tablets (39.29%), hanging (37.5%), weapons (8.93%), self-immolation (5.35%), poisoning (5.35%), Jumping from height (1.79%), and sea drowning (1.79%). Also, the phenomenon of suicide, especially from pathological perspective, leads to two consequences: consequences for the survivors and social consequences.

An association between microRNAs (miRNAs) and adhesion proteins expression with repeated implantationfailure (RIF) has been recently reported; however, these findings are controversial. This study aims to evaluatethe endometrial and circulating expressions of miR-145, miR-155-5p, and miR-224 in addition to the endometrialexpressions of membrane protein palmitoylated-5 (MPP-5) and endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) inpatients with RIF compared to control subjects. This case-control study was carried out between June 2021-July 2022. Subjects included 17patients with RIF and 17 control subjects, who had previous spontaneous term pregnancy with a live birth, who referredto the Medical Centre of Arash Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Endometrial tissue samples were obtained via hysteroscopyand Pipelle catheter in the RIF and control subjects, respectively. Plasma samples were collected after ovulationin all subjects. The expression levels of MPP5, PECAM-1, miR-224, miR-145, and miR-155-5p were evaluated byquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The student’s t test, chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, andanalysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used for data analyses. RIF patients had less endometrial miR-155-5p expression, and higher endometrial and circulating expressions ofmiR-145 and miR-224 compared to control subjects. Endometrial PECAM-1 and MPP5 expression significantly decreased inpatients with RIF compared to the control group. There was a positive correlation between circulating miR-224 and endometrialmiR-155-5p, and between circulating miR-155-5p and endometrial PECAM-1 expression levels in patients with RIF. The present study suggests that circulating miR-224, endometrial miR-145, and PECAM-1 can bereliable, novel biomarkers for diagnosis of RIF.

Maternal iodine deficiency (UIC<150 µg/L) is common in regions with borderline iodine sufficiency. Hence, exploring evolution of the temporal trend for UIC during pregnancy as well as impact of possible modifiers aids in defining the timing and the dose of iodide administration supplement during foetal development. The aim of present investigation was to evaluate the inter-relationships between UIC and iodized salt accessibility and thyroid function as assessed by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in an exclusive cohort of pregnant women depending on household salt as the predominant source of iodine intake.

Healthy pregnant women (n=95; gestation > 4 and < 8 weeks) and non-pregnant women (n=40) with similar lifestyle and dietary habits were enrolled. UIC, TSH and table-salt iodine content were determined.

Median UIC (µg/L) according to trimesters was significantly lower than that of controls (61.6, 130.2 and 90.3 vs 133.8). Accordingly, prevalence of subjects with UIC<150 µg/L were 97.9, 67.4, 77.9 and 60. Median TSH (mIU/L) according to trimesters and control group were 1, 1.6, 1.4 and 1.6. Accordingly, prevalence of subjects with abnormal lower TSH limit was 17.2, 8.5, 3.2 and 2.4.

This investigation demonstrates that UIC varies according to the foetal life cycle and that the highest frequencies of severe iodine (UIC <50 μg/L) were identified at the first- and third trimesters. This investigation paves the way for future studies aiming at exploring the therapeutic impact of iodine supplementation on body iodine stores during pregnancy.

This study was aimed to assess the interrelationship between urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) levels in pregnant women during the first trimester.

Women (n=485; age: >14 years old; without any history of thyroid dysfunction) were recruited at their first prenatal consult before 12 weeks of amenorrhea. Proportion of participants from urban and rural population were 41. 6% (n=223) and 58. 4% (n=283). Random urine and blood samples were collected for the analysis of UIE and TSH، respectively.

The overall median UIE was 74 μg/L and 86. 4% of women had iodine deficiency (ID) as defined by UIE < 150. The respective levels for urban and rural populations were 76 μg/L vs. 64 μg/L and 88. 5% vs. 83. 3%. Median TSH as a whole was 0. 8 mIU/L whilst those for urban and rural subjects were 1 mIU/L and 0. 7 mIU/L. No correlation was seen between UIE and TSH levels.

Our data reveals that sever ID is present in 33% of the subjects during the first trimester and that TSH levels are 12-64% lower than those reported for with adequate or more than adequate iodine intake regions in Iran. This preliminarily result suggest that whole body iodine stores is probably adequate to prevent hypo-thyroxinemia during early pregnancy in regions with mild to moderate iodine deficiency.

Nearly 38 million newborns are at risk of iodine deficiency and related disorders (IDDs) annually. Universal salt iodination strategy is the most cost-effective method to combat IDDs. The aims of this study were to evaluate dietary iodine status in pregnant women attending local healthy authority services in Urmia County and its associations with table-salt iodine content and household usage. Pregnant women (n= 490) at 1st trimester were recruited by cluster-sampling from 5 urban- and 7 rural districts. Subjects were interviewed and relevant information was collected. Household salt samples as well as fasting urine samples were collected during 1st visit. Distribution of rural- and urban inhabitants were 204 (41.6%) and 286 84.6%, respectively. Median UIE for entire population was 73.5 µg/L. Medians UIE for urban- and rural districts were 76 µg/L and 64 µg/L. The difference failed to reach statistical significance. When the subjects were grouped according to WHO criteria for iodine status it was found that 87% of the pregnant women were classified as iodine deficient. 92% of the subjects had declared that they were using iodinate salt for their cooking whilst 96% of households claimed using iodinate salt at the dinner table. Percentage of properly kept iodinate samples was 49%. 16% of households stated that iodinated salt was added at the end of cooking. High prevalence of iodine deficiency among pregnant women in Urmia County indicates that the current USI strategy does cover the demand of both mothers and fetus. Thus, extra iodine is needed to maintain adequate iodine store during gestation in regions with border-line iodine sufficiency.

In spite of salt iodization program which began in Iran in 1989، there are controversies regarding the impact of iodine fortification in certain regions of the country such as West Azerbaijan province. The aim of the present study was to re-evaluate urinary iodine excretion and the prevalence of goiter during puberty in female schoolchildren aged 10-17 years in Urmia city.

In this cross-sectional study، 500 female schoolchildren aged 10-17 years were enrolled by random cluster sampling from schools in different educational areas in Urmia. The schoolchildren were classified into 3 groups according to the puberty status: group 1: prepuberty (n=61); group 2: puberty (n=354) and group 3: post puberty (n=85). Urine iodine excretion and prevalence of goiter was evaluated.

The median urinary iodine excretion in groups 1-3 was 125 µg/L، 142 µg/L، and 170 µg/L، respectively. Prevalence of goiter in groups 1-3 was 3. 3%، 14. 6% and 8. 3%، respectively. The prevalence of goiter between group 1 and group 2 was statistically significant (P=0. 03). A significant positive correlation was found between age and urinary iodine excretion (P=0. 008).

This study revealed that 77. 2% of the studied population was iodine sufficient. The highest prevalence of goiter was seen in schoolchildren at puberty (14. 6%) reflecting the high metabolic rate، hormonal alteration during puberty as well as nutritional factors in particularly the demand for higher iodine intake.

Despite adequacy of dietary iodine intake in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the prevalence of goiter is still high in certain parts of the country such as West Azarbaijan province. This investigation was undertaken to evaluate urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and prevalence of goiter among (10-17 years-old) schoolchildren in Urmia County.

Schoolchildren (n=500; gender: girls) were enrolled by random cluster sampling from different schools districts in Urmia. Studied population comprised 158 primary schoolchildren, 257 secondary schoolchildren and 85 high schoolchildren. UIE was assessed by the Sandell-Kolthoff method while prevalence of goiter determined by palpation.

Median UIE in Urmia’s education districts (1&2) were 145 µg/L and 142 µg/L, respectively. Median UIE in high school children was significantly higher than those in primary- or secondary schoolchildren. Prevalence of goiter in primary -, secondary- and high school were 9.5%, 15.2% and 8.2%, respectively.

The present study reveals that average goiter prevalence among schoolchildren in different education levels was 12.6%. This was markedly higher than the value (0.4%) reported by the 4th national survey in 2006. High prevalence of goiter among secondary schoolchildren is possibly associated with pubertal hormonal changes. Further should be conducted to evaluate distribution of thyroid antibody and autoimmune thyroiditis among school-age children Urmia County.