فهرست مطالب rahimi m

Torud - Chah Shirin volcanic-plutonic complex, related to Eocene series, is located about 130 kilometers south of Shahrood, in the south and north of Torud village. This zone is located in 54˚20' to 55˚20' east longitude and 35˚10' to 35˚40' north latitude. The presence of several mineral occurrences, especially base metal veins of epithermal origin and the intrusion of igneous acidic to intermediate bodies in volcanic rocks of the area caused different alternation and mineralization in some parts of the area and increased the economic importance of the magmatic complex for geological studies. False color composites (FCC), band ratios (BR) and spectral angle mapping (SAM) which were performed on ASTER dataset for discrimination of alteration of argillic, advanced argillic, phyllic and prophyllitic zones and evaluation of results by XRD analysis, are the fundamental information for this research. The field studies and XRD analyses of different zones resulted in adaptation with logical operator algorithms and revealed unremarkable volcanic alteration zone in the south of Torud, in comparison with volcanic zone in the north of Torud. In addition, altering in threshold of algorithm band ratio can be used to find better results in discrimination of argillic and phyllic alterations. Then based on the presence of indicator minerals of advanced argillic alteration in the north of Torud, like alonite and prophillite, the optimal threshold for discrimination of this zone from argillic zone by logical band ratio algorithm was determined. The results were evaluated as acceptable, compared to field study. On the other hand, spectral character of remarkable minerals of this zone, like chlorite and epidotite, in band ratio of Aster 8(9+7) with threshold of 2.3, is reported appropriate for land surveying of proplitic zone in the north and south of Torud village.

This study aims to assess the effect of grazing intensity on plant species diversity and functional groups in a highland mountains, Toof sefid watershed, located in 85 km North West of Shahrekord in Charmahal and Bakhtiary province. For sampling, three grazing management area (exclusure, light to moderate grazing, heavy grazing) selected and within each treatment, 300 plots with four square meter were installed along three lines. Shannon diversity indicator, Simpson and species richness and functional groups calculated for each grazing management area and compared using one-way analysis of variance. The results showed all diversity indicators were significantly higher in exclusure (species richness: 14.4, Shannon index: 2.244, and Simpson index: 0.865) compared to light to moderate grazing (species richness: 9.09, Shannon index: 1.377, and Simpson index: 0.617) and heavy grazing (species richness: 10.10, Shannon indicator: 1.536, and Simpson indicator: 0.652). The results indicates that heavy grazing causes reduction only in plant diversity and no changes in functional groups might be occurred in highland; and mountains.

Pheromones are exocrine secretions of the body that has spread from someone around and can cause behavioral responses in other members of the same species. pheromones in mammals often receipt by special organ called Vomeronasal. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of parental and strangers sex pheromones on the puberty beginning in immature male rats. Testing consisted of six groups, each group consisting of 8 rats. In each group male rats were exposed to sexual pheromones from birth. the first group, received maternal pheromones, second group, received the stranger female pheromones, the third group received father pheromones , the fourth group received stranger male pheromones, fifth group received parents pheromones and eventually the six group received strangers male and female pheromones. Immature male rats received pheromones through the ventilator that was placed in the cage. Not found significant difference in testosterone level after hormonal testing in groups. The results of this study indicate pheromones inhaled through the air not have effect on the puberty beginning in immature male rats and it seems pheromones influence puberty beginning in immature male rats if the pheromones directly received by the immature male rats.

In this study the antibacterial effects of ethanolic extract of eight medicinal plants (Artemisia aucheri, Satureja bachtiarica, Tanacetum parthenium, Cuminum cyminum, Salvia officinalis, Achillea kellalensis, Stachys lavandulifolia, Myrtus communis) and the essential oil of Satureja bachtiarica, Artemisia aucheri, Tanacetum parthenium, Cuminum cyminum, Achillea kellalensis, Myrtus communis on Vibrio parahaemolyticus were evaluated. Standard tube dilution method was used for evaluation of Minimum Bactericidal Concentration value (MBC) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration value (MIC) of each plant. Then inhibitory zone of bacterial growth for each plant was also measured and compared to positive and negative control. The results showed that the extracts of Satureja bachtiarica had the highest antibacterial effects on V. parahaemolyticus with the inhibitory bacterial growth zone of 15 mm. The extract of Tanacetum parthenium and Cuminum cyminum were also effective with the inhibitory bacterial growth zone of 14 and 11.67 mm against V. parahaemolyticus. Other herbal extract showed no antibacterial effects. The results revealed the higher antibacterial effects of essential oils comparing to the extracts and the highest antibacterial effect were belonged to Satureja bachtiarica, Tanacetum parthenium and Cuminum cyminum. It can be concluded that regarding to high antibacterial effect of Satureja bachtiarica, Tanacetum parthenium and Cuminum cyminum, they can be used in elimination of V. parahaemolyticus.

Diabetes mellitus is common endocrine disease cause learning and memory impairment. This study was done to evaluate the effect of quercetin on learning and memory in STZ-induced diabetic rats was investigated. In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups: control, quercetin - treated control, diabetic and quercetin - treated diabetic (10 and 20 mg/kg/bw, intraperitoneally) for 14 days. Induction of diabetes was performed using 60 mg/kg/bw of streptozotosin, interapritonally. Passive avoidance and Y-maze tests were used for the evaluation of learning and memory. In passive avoidance learning, there was no significant difference in initial latency between diabetic and treated - diabetic groups. The mean of step latency in control group (383.57±19.26) significantly reduced to 128.86±10.38 in diabetic group (P<0.05). The mean of step latency in the treated diabetic group significantly increased in compare to the diabetic group (P<0.05). Step latency in quercetin - treated diabetic (10 mg/kg/bw) and (20 mg/kg/bw) groups increased to 316.67±23.76 and 397.50±31.21, respectively. The alternative percentage in diabetic group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05), but in quercetin -treated diabetic groups it was higher than the diabetic group (P<0.05). Administration of quercetin for 14 days enhances the capability of the memory storage, recall and improves short-term spatial memory in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Hematuria is one of the common causes of pediatric nephrology and urology diseases and is reported in 0.5-2% of children. This study was performed to determine the causes of hematuria in infants and children. This descriptive study was done on 200 infants, children and adolescents in one month to 18 year old ages with chief complaint of hematuria in Hamadan, Iran. Patients were evaluated by urinalysis, urine culture, measurement of calcium, creatinine and uric acid in random urine sample and abdominal sonography. Microscopic and gross hematuria was detected in 79.5% and 20.5% of patients, respectively. Hematuria was idiopathic in 74 (37%) of patients. Urinary tract stones (18%), urinary tract infections (15.5%), hypercalciuria (13%), hyperuricosuria (10%), urinary tract anomalies (5.5%) and glomerulonephritis (1%) were diagnosed as causes of hematuria. In 56% of patients, hematuria was caused by three common etiologies of stone, urinary tract infections and crystalluria.

An F5 population of 150 lines derived from a cross between sepidroud (Indica) and Gharib (Indica) cultivars were evaluated in a drought stress and normal conditions in a field to detect QTLs of drought tolerance index and its associated traits. Based on the genetic linkage map containing 131 polymorphic SSR and 52 AFLP markers which covered 14.1063 cM of the rice genome with an average distance of 5.81 cM between markers, 32 main effect QTLs (M-QTLs) and 21 epistatic QTLs (E-QTLs) were identified for grain yield and grain weight in normal and stress conditions and eight drought tolerance indices by QTL IciMapping software using inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) analysis. For grain yield one M-QTL and one E-QTL and two M-QTLs and two E-QTLs were detected in normal and stress conditions, respectively. For grain weight also was identified five M-QTLs and one E-QTL in normal condition and four M-QTLs in stress condition. For each mean productivity index (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HM) and stress tolerance index (STI) three QTLs on chromosomes 1, 7 and 11, for each stress susceptibility index (SSI), Yield stability index (YSI) and Yield index (YI) two QTLs on chromosomes 1 and 7 and for tolerance index (TOL) two QTLs on chromosomes 6 and 7 were detected. The phenotypic variation controlled by each M-QTL and E-QTL ranged from 5.93 to 21.12% and 3.98 to 18.86%, respectively. The total phenotypic variation of M-QTLs for grain yield and grain weight in normal and drought conditions and indices MP, GMP, HM, TOL, SSI, STI, YI and YSI was 7.43%, 18.6%, 49.71%, 31.09%, 16.27%, 16.01%, 16.2%, 23.84%, 19.26%, 19.11%, 18.6% and 19.26%, respectively. The main effect of genomic regions associated with grain yield under normal and drought stress conditions, and drought tolerance indices can be used in breeding programs to produce high-yielding cultivars and yield stability.

This study was performed to compare the stiffness of hamstring and rectus femoris muscles in subjects with anterior knee pain and normal subjects. In this non experimental and case-control study، 20 persons with anterior knee pain were selected simply from convenient sample and 20 healthy persons were selected by matching method. proximal and distal stiffness of hamstring and rectus femoris muscles were measured using an isokinetic device in the passive mode. Also، maximal concentric peak torque during flexion and extension movements of hip and knee، in two groups were compared by independent T-test and correlation analysis. There was no significant difference between anterior knee pain and proximal compartment of rectus femoris (P=0. 320) and hamstring (P=0. 125) stiffness، but there was significant difference between anterior knee pain and distal compartment of rectus femoris and hamstring stiffness (P<0. 001). Significant relationship was found between anterior knee pain and muscles strength (P<0. 001). No correlation was found between strength and stiffness of rectus femoris (P=0. 356) and hamstring muscles (P=0. 643) in patients group، but in healthy subjects this relationship was found (P<0. 001). In patients with anterior knee pain، hamstring and rectus femoris muscles stiffness increased and muscle strength decreased. Increasing of muscle strength was effective on stiffness in healthy subjects، but there was no relation between them in patients group. Also rectus femoris and hamstring muscles possibly have different proximal and distal neuromuscular compartments. Key words:

The main feature of the Earth system is climate changes altering climatic elements such as precipitation and temperature¡ in short and long-term periods. Drought is one of the climate changes affecting on several arid¡ semi-arid and even wet regions of the world with different intensities. The main goal of this study is investigation on the synoptic effective mechanisms in order to identify the monthly dry periods in the southern coasts of Caspian Sea as well as presenting its patterns. First of all¡ in order to recognize the patterns affecting on the drought of this area¡ 30-year statistical data (1977-2006) extracted and then¡ the wet and dry months were identified using the standard score index (Z). Afterwards¡ the synoptic maps were provided using the Grads software based on geopotential data and the pressures of the sea levels¡ 850¡ 700¡ 500 hpa. Moreover¡ these maps were used to extract the relative pattern. Statistical processing of precipitation and temperature data illustrates that in most of the wet months¡ standard precipitation index (z) and temperature Z are positive and negative¡ respectively. Due to high rainfall¡ temperature is lower than normal and its reverse is observed in dry months. It means that the low rainfall coincides with the negative precipitation and positive temperature indexes. Synoptic maps show that Siberian high pressure and blocking system over Eastern Europe (located on the Ural Mountains) have the most influence on the southern coasts of Caspian Sea¡ Therefore¡ by means of creation of the blocking systems and their spatial displacement are originated the wet and dry periods in the area.

The age of smoking is declining in the developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of smoking stages in a sample of high school students in Zanjan and assessing its related risk factors. Among the high school students in the academic year 2011-2012, a sample size of 1,064 subjects was selected by random multistage sampling. Data was gathered through standard self administered questionnaire including questions about demographical, socio-economical, psychological characteristics, smoking behavior and familiarity with various drugs. Binary logistic regression was used for assessing relationship between smoking and related factors. Out of 354 (34.2%) students who reported smoking, 242 (23.4%) were classified as experimenters and 112 (10.8%) as regular smokers. The multivariate analysis by logistic regression shows that older age (OR=1.20), risk taking behaviors (OR=1.83), familiarity with Tramadol (OR=2.19), lower self-esteem (OR=1.07), positive attitude to smoking (OR=1.15), positive thinking about smoking (OR=1.07), and having friends who smoke (OR=1.94) associated with smoking. Results show that the prevalence of different stages of smoking among high school students in Zanjan is high compared to the studies with similar questionnaire reported from other provinces of Iran. Familiarity with Tramadol and having smoker friend/s had high association with smoking. More attention to the school base education may be effective in improvement of smoking control among high school students.

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for teleost fish. It plays vital role in immune system function. A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of dietary vitamin C supplement on growth performance, hematological indicators and response to heat stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings kept at different densities. The fingerlings (initial weight of 2.1 ± 0.1) were reared in triplicate groups in fiberglass tanks at two different densities (400 and 600 /m2). The fish were fed with four experimental diets containing different levels of vitamin C (0, 100, 200 and 1000 mg vitamin C /kg diet) for 9 weeks. To evaluate the effect of heat stress on survival, fish were exposed to different temperatures (24, 26 and 28 °C) at the end of feeding experiment. Growth performance in fish which fed diets containing different levels of vitamin C (100, 200 and 1000 mg /kg diet) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those fed diet without vitamin C supplement. In terms of hematological indicators, it was shown that different levels of vitamin C significantly (p<0.05) effected the hematocrit, hemoglobin and red blood cell (RBC) count. However, it did not make any effect on the MCH and MCHC values. On the other hand, stocking density only had significant effect on RBC count. Survival of fish which fed diets containing different levels of vitamin C was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those fed diet without vitamin C in response to heat stress.

Land use planning is the only rational way to avoid environmental crisis and attain sustainable development. The aim of this study is to develop a land use plan for sustainable development in the Chehl-Chai watershed in Golestan province. With the identification of the ecological resources in the watershed, using word national land use planning models, which is calibrated for Iran, land use mapping and classification were conducted. The environmental units map was overlayed with several thematic maps to obtain ecological capability for conventional land uses. Priority setting was then carried out by comparative- quantitative method to choose more suitable alternatives in the assessment units. In order to increase income and decrease conflicts between agriculture and range management, aquaculture, indoor recreation, and conservation alternatives, the land use allocation was finalized based on their acceptable ecological conditions. The results show that according to the capability models, land allocation to forestry, agriculture and range management, aquaculture, outdoor recreation, residential development and conservation is at a percentage of 64.29%, 5.57%, 0.24%, 1.01%, 15.41%, 6.75% and 6.72%, respectively. The Kappa index was then used to estimate the conformity of the future and the current land uses; the index calculated to be 0.18 which shows slight agreement between the two.

Inadequate ventilation، esophageal intubation and difficult intubation are the most common adverse respiratory outcomes in patient undergoing anesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare Mallampati test in supine and sitting positions in traditional approach and during phonation for predicting difficult laryngoscopy and intubation.

In this study performed in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran، Iran، Mallampati test was performed on 661 patients who met the inclusion criteria for the study. The test was done in supine and sitting positions with and without phonation by a rater who was blind to Mallampati test. Subsequently، laryngoscopy view and difficult intubation were evaluated in the four aforesaid positions by Mallampati test for predicting difficult laryngoscopy and intubation. For each situations، sensitivity، specificity، positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were calculated.

Overall، 28 (4. 2%) patients had difficult laryngoscopy and 9 (1. 4%) patients had difficult intubation. The highest sensitivity for Mallampati test in predicting difficult laryngoscopy and intubation was in supine and sitting positions without phonation، and the highest specificity was seen in sitting position with phonation. Negative predictive values were more than 95% in all different positions for Mallampati tests and the highest positive predictive value was seen in supine position with phonation.

According to our findings، the highest correlation between Mallampati test and different positions in predicting difficult laryngoscopy and intubation was seen in supine position with phonation. Phonation improved Mallampati score in supine rather than sitting position.

Ants with the ability of biting and injecting poison to human body are called sting ants. This study was conducted to identify and determine the ant types and the prevalence of ant sting and related epidemiological factors in three Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb and Abu-Musa islands, Iran. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed during Jan-July 2010 in Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb and Abu-Musa islands on 318 military individuals who were selected by random sampling method. The ant collection was done by active hand-catch method. The ant sting prevalence and related epidemiological factors were determined by questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods including Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman and Gamma correlation by SPSS 12 software. The species of sting ant was Pachycondyla sennaarensis Mayr, 1862. The mean prevalence of sting was 70.1%. The seasonal incidence of sting in three islands had the same pattern and was more common in spring and summer. 84.4% of ant sting had occurred in limbs. The main symptoms caused by the ant stings include pain, severe itching and local inflammation and blisters in some cases. Although sting bite is not much dangerous in the studied islands and does not lead to anaphylactic shock and death, the pain and itching and burning would cause discomfort for soldiers and reduce their efficiency. Therefore, preventive measures and control of these ants should be considered.

Up to now accomplished many investigations about cumulative trauma disorders (CTD) accession. For the most part sitting pattern and unsuitable task posture has been specified reason of these complications. In the publicized stats from a foreign source ambit of 44 percent of people who worked with computer has been afflict to the CTDs. The aim of this paper is to find and measurement of CTD and ergonomic intervention and investigation rate of this intervention's effect in the Tehran south health center. This centeruse paperless system. In this research Nordic questionnaire distribute between 68 persons of the centerto determine CTDs. By technical expert inspection specified reason of complications. Observantly to state methods reason which create more severity and frequency CTD's has been recognized and interference with human factors engineering. For the more efficiency of interference Anthropometry has been used for all of Work stations and for any person designed a significant posture. results that obtained before interference indicate that were CTD's complications at more of employees which 90 percent of them suffered of up spine pain. Also 27.4 percent of them had shoulder pain and 20.4 percent had neck pain. After the interference these measures decreased. And complaint of employee decreased 40.8 percent to up spine pain. Also for the shoulder pain it reached to 22 and neck pain 17.6 percent. With state test identified that there are significant difference between CTD after and before of intervention (p<0.005). Being unsuitable task posture is main cause of CTD's in the Work stations. We can prevent to increasing these complications in the work place by simple approach like adjustment in the desk and chair height, correct performance working training and doing simple exercise.

Recognition of common sport related injuries and their causing factors is one of the ways of injury prevention. The goal of this study was to investigate the incidence, type and mechanism of injuries among the participants of International Unity & Friendship Karate Cup.

This descriptive survey was carried out in 2009. The statistical population was 165 male karatekas who participated in the 9th International Unity & Friendship Karate Cup and were selected by census method. Data were collected by injury report forms and weight of the athlete, the intensity of the injury, the injury site and the type, time and mechanism of injury were recorded. Descriptive statistical methods and SPSS 16 software were used for data analysis.

75 injuries were recorded, with the mean incidence of 0.32 injuries per match. 80% of injuries were minor, 17.3% moderate and 2.7% were severe. The injuries were most commonly located in the head and face (49.3%). The injuries consisted primarily of muscle contusion (60%) and hemorrhage (21.3%). 24% of injuries took place at the first minute of the competition, 37.3% of injuries in the second minute, 17.3% in third minute and 21.3% out of the competition time.

The majority of injuries are minor in Karate and severe injuries are uncommon. The injuries consisted primarily of muscle contusion. Most of injuries occur during the second minute of competition and injuries are most commonly located in head and face.

Globalization is an important issue in political, business, and cultural domains worldwide. It also affects health market. There are more attentions on drugs and their effects on sustainable development nowadays. Because of the strategic effects of medications on health and national security, the politicians pay more attention on drugs issues.

We aimed to assess business effects of Iran’s membership in the WTO on drug industries through four hypotheses. We recruited all 50 business experts, and managers of drug companies in Tehran. The participants had the responsibility of 80% of drug production and sales. Data was gathered using a validated questionnaire and analyzed using statistical t test.

The results showed that the effect of WTO membership on drugs export before and after membership was 30.24 (7.64) and 48.28 (5.35), respectively. The effect on drugs import was also 20.4 (3.1) and 22.96 (3.81), respectively. For assessing the impact of WTO membership on quality of drugs, we included three variables; the mean score was 7.76 (2.34) and 12.68 (2.07), respectively. Regarding the survival of Iran’s drugs industry before and after WTO membership, the mean score was 3.96 (8.5) and 50.16 (6.64), respectively.

The results showed that membership in WTO may have positive effects on the country’s drug export and import. It may also have positive effects on quality of the country’s drug production and the survival of the country’s drug industries.

Hemorrhoid is among the most common anorectal diseases and patients with high-grade disease conditions need surgical treatment. Many surgical procedures are available to treat the disease. The aim of this study was to compare the operative time and outcomes, (post-operative pain and complications) of LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy with those of the open conventional method. This randomized single-blind clinical trial included 57 patients (28 in LigaSure and 29 in the open group). The primary variable was the operative time for the excision of a single hemorrhoidal packet. The other variables were post-operative pain measured by morphine doses administered to control pain, scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) used to measure pain severity, pain during home stay measured by doses of oral ibuprofen and the mean daily VAS scores, early complications including bleeding and urinary retention, longer-term complications and time to return to work. The demographic data were comparatively the same between the two groups. The average time to excise a single packet of hemorrhoid was significantly shorter in the LigaSure group (8.91 min vs. 17.35 min, P<0.001). Post-operative pain measurements (morphine doses and VAS scores) were lower in the LigaSure group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.055 and 0.077, respectively). Complications of the two procedures were also comparable. Neither of the groups returned to work in a shorter time. LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy seems to be a safe method and it can reduce the operative time significantly. It may also have a modest effect on post-operative pain.

Statement of Problem: One of the complications in reconstruction of the primary teeth with stainless steel crowns (SSC) is microleakage at the crown's margins. Luting cement that can seal the margins can reduce the microleakage. This research was performed to compare the ability of four adhesive cements for reducing microleakage at the SSC margins.Methods and Material: In this experimental study, standard preparation was performed on 60 primary molar teeth for SSC restorations. After adjusting SSC, the samples were randomly divided into 5 groups, each containing 12 teeth. Then, the SSCs were cemented in each group with different cements. These groups contained Zincphosphate (Elite, ZP), Polycarboxylate (Durelon, PC), Glass ionomer (Ketac cem, GI), Resin-modified glass ionomer (Rely X luting 2,RMGI), and Resin-modified glass ionomer with bonding agent ((Single Bond,SB). After thermocycling and using dye penetration (methylen blue 1%), the samples were evaluated under a digital microscope. For comparison of the microleakages among the groups, t-test, ANOVA and LSD tests were used. Microleakage in the adhesive cement groups (GIC, RMGIC, RMGIC+BA) was significantly lower than that in the non-adhesive (ZP, PC) groups (p <0.05). Comparison of the cements revealed a statistically significant difference among all the groups (p <0.001). RMGI+SB had the lowest microleakage followed by RMGI, GI, ZP. PC cement showed the greatest microleakage. Adhesive cements were more effective in reducing the microleakage in cementation of SSC than non-adhesive cements. The use of bonding agents with RMGI cement showed more acceptable results in comparison with RMGI cement.

Today, as many as 1.5 million Americans use ventilators once in a year.. Response to mechanical ventilation alarms remains to be one of the most challenging tasks facing physicians, nurses or other medical personnel in the ICU. In the present study we aimed to compare the response times to “vocal alarms” and “visual or audible ones”. In the present study we developed a system to evaluate the “Vocal Alarm” and improve the medical ventilator “Benet 7200 Alarms” with it. Ventilator generates the alarms when patient has any problem. The time of Activation & Deactivation is recorded. The survey was done in central ICU for six days, 3 days with vocal alarm, and 3days with “Beep” alarms and detected Alarm events then recorded seventy-two hours of data for each type of alarms. All of events information saved in the memory and SPSS was used to determine difference between two types of alarms. On the average, the duration of the ventilator alarms activation were 33 ± 21 seconds for vocal alarms and 60 ± 46 for audible “Beep” alarms. The response times for vocal alarms were significantly lower (P = 0.001). The response times for normal “Beep” alarms were longer than vocal alarms.

Increasing physical activity is one of the most effective ways of reducing the risk of some chronic non-contagious diseases. Various methods have been created and validated in order to assess the factors effecting physical activity. The most applied method for this purpose is the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM). This study was performed with the aim of assessing the effect of educational program for increasing physical activity and physical capacity by using TTM in one of governmental centers employees. This quasi-experimental interventional study was performed on a defensive industry employees in year 2009. 60 male employees aged between 20 – 57 years old were selected by simple random sampling. They were divided into two groups (each containing 30 employees), the experimental and the control group. Questionnaires were completed before and three months after intervention and physical capacity was measured by Ergo-meter bicycle. Educational programs were implied in experimental group. Data was analyzed by SPSS 13. In stage of change after intervention, the experimental group had a significant positive progress (p=0.001). Mean physical capacity score had significant improvement after finishing educational program, in experimental group (p=0.016). Self–efficacy and total decisional balance and process of change scores were higher after intervention in experimental group (p<0.001). TTM based educational programs are effective in improving physical capacity and physical activity of governmental center employees.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major health problem in Iran and especially Isfahan province is considered as an endemic area for this disease. Regarding the previous report of positive effects of Cassia fistula boiled extract in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of combination therapy with intralesional meglumine antimoniate and Cassia fistula fruit gel compared to placebo in this disease. 140 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis referring to Skin Disease and Leishmaniasis Research Center of Isfahan (SDLRC) were randomly

To determine the relationships between different traits and grain yield، identification of elite lines and hybrids and their classification، a 6×6 half-diallel cross was used. In the next year (2006)، parents and their progenies were grown in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications and 14 traits were measured. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among genotypes for all studied traits، indicating genetic variation between parents and hybrids. Also، factor analysis based on principal components after varimax rotation showed that 82. 47 percent of total variations between genotypes were determined by five independent factors. So that، they were nominated in five factors، named morphological characteristics، grain yield، grain dimension، maturity date and leaf angle. The proportion of variation explained by these factors was 26. 33%، 24. 27%، 14. 25%، 9. 56% and 8. 05%، respectively. The first factor was including flag leaf area، leaf area، the number of panicles per plant، panicle length and vegetative period and the second factor (grain yield factor) was including the number of grains per panicle، the number of spikelets per panicle and grain yield. These traits had high and positive factor coefficients and showed that the selection based on these two factors lead to select best genotypes. Therefore، biplot from these two first and main factors determined lines Dorfak and IR30 and hybrids Binam×Domsefid and IR30×Domsefid as best genotypes in this experiment.

Anal surgeries are prevalent, but they didn’t perform as outpatient surgeries because of concerns about postoperative pain. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of rectal acetaminophen and diclofenac on postoperative analgesia after anal surgeries in adult patients. In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study 60 ASA class I or II scheduled for haemorrhoidectomy, anal fissure or fistula repair, were randomized (with block randomization method) to receive either a single dose of 650 mg rectal acetaminophen (n=20), 100 mg rectal diclofenac (n=20) or placebo suppositories (n=20) after the operation. The severity of pain, time to first request of analgesic agent after