raziyeh maasoumi

Informatics in nursing and midwifery is developing and evolving worldwide. The present study aimed to systematically review the existing literature to identify the components of informatics competencies in the provision of electronic health services in nursing and midwifery.

Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched using the keywords telemedicine, e-health informatics, competence, and their equivalents, without time limits. The quality of the articles was checked independently by two researchers using ten criteria selected from the Strobe checklist. Analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

In all 668 articles retrieved. After removing duplicates, 187 articles remained, and after reviewing the full text of the articles, 13 studies were included in the final review and analysis. Articles were on providing nursing services and no studies were found for midwifery care. In total, "e-health literacy", "nurses' attitude towards the provision of e-health services" and "individual-social-occupational factors related to informatics competence" were among the components found in studies related to nursing.

The review indicated the need for basic knowledge, work on nurses' attitudes and research in nurses' informatics competence. Informatics competence and its related components in midwives and midwifery students were lacking in the literature, so it is recommended to investigate this among midwifery groups.

Although the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the short form of the Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI-6) was studied, the sensitivity and specificity of the Persian version of this instrument have not been investigated. The present study aimed to assess the sensitivity, specificity and clinical cut-off point of the FSFI-6 in Iranian women.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 165 women with and 131 women without sexual dysfunction. In addition to a demographic questionnaire, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-19) questionnaire was administered. Using the Receiver-Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and indicating cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity were determined

Based on the short form of the original instrument, which included questions 4, 2, 7, 11, 16, and 17 from the longer version, the cut-off point for the FSFI-6 was 18.5 and the sensitivity and specificity were 61% and 52%, respectively. Considering that the calculated sensitivity and specificity of the index was relatively low and had a significant difference compared to the reported sensitivity and specificity for this instrument in the literature. Therefore, questions 5, 8, 12, and 18 were replaced with questions 4, 7, 11, and 17 and the analysis was repeated. Based on the replaced questions, the cut-off point was 20.5 and the sensitivity and specificity of the tool was 90%.

The findings suggest that the Persian version of FSFI-6 with questions 2, 5, 8, 12, 16, and 18 has a better performance for diagnosing sexual dysfunction in Iranian women.

Sexual self-disclosure plays an important role in couples' sexual performance and satisfaction. It is necessary to have a valid, reliable tool to measure this variable. Review of literature shows that there is no tool with socio-cultural appropriateness for Iranian women in this field; Therefore, the purpose of this research was to design and Psychometric Properties of the Context based female Sexual self-disclosure Questionnaire.

This methodological study conducted in 2020. In the first phase, the sexual self-disclosure of Iranian women and its dimensions explored by reviewing the literature using the thematic analysis approach. Then, using the deductive-inductive approach, the first 25 items compiled. In the second phase, psychometric assessment evaluated by examining face, content, construct and criterion validity as well as internal consistency and test-retest reliability.

According to the results, sexual self-discloser of Iranian women extracted as "talking about sexual relationships and factors affecting quantity and quality". Quantitative indicators of content validity, CVI and CVR, were 0.95 and 0.79, respectively. The results of the study on the validity of the tool constructs designed by exploratory factor analysis led to identifying four factors that explained 65.06 of the variances. The results of the convergent validity assessment indicated the correlation coefficients between the total score of this questionnaire with Larson sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire in the range of 0.66 to 0.93.

The results showed this questionnaires had optimal validity and reliability. Therefore, using this questionnaire to assess the level of female Sexual self-disclosure in future studies is suggested.

Treating and changing patterns of low sexual desire and dysfunctions can be done in various ways. However, it is important to recognize the value of integrated approaches when it comes to addressing these issues. To this end, we conducted a randomized clinical trial study to compare the effectiveness of an in-tegrated approach with that of Masters-Johnson Sex Therapy (MJST) for treating hypoactive sexual desire dis-order (HSDD) in Iranian couples from Mar 2016 to May 2018.

We conducted a clinical trial on 24 couples who were experiencing HSDD. The couples were ran-domly divided into two groups. The intervention group was given an integrative approach, while the control group received MJST for ten sessions. We collected data using standard questionnaires before, immediately af-ter, and eight weeks after the intervention.

There was no significant difference in sexual desire and function among men between the MJST and integrative approach groups. However, women in the integrative approach group showed more improvement in sexual desire and dysfunction compared to those in the MJST group. The improvement in sexual function for women and sexual desire for both men and women weremaintained at the eight-week follow-up in the integra-tive approach.

Our study found that using an integrative approach effectively treated HSDD in couples.

Despite the increasing growth of female genital cosmetic procedures, the long-term effects ofthese procedures are not clearly understood. This study was conducted to compare the genital self-image andsexual function in women with and without female genital cosmetic procedures. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 315 participants (210 women without a history of genitalcosmetic surgery and 105 women with it) in Alborz province, Iran, from early February 2023 to mid-May 2023.The sampling was done conveniently. Data collection instruments were Female Genital Self Image Scale andFemale Sexual Function Index. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS 16 software using t-test, chi-square, andlogistic regression, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The use of laser to tighten the vagina with 77.77% and Perineoplasty with 29.2% were the maincosmetic procedures. The mean duration passed from the surgical procedures was 4.79±3.60 years, while it was1.13±0.74 years for non-surgical procedures. Women with a history of genital procedures had a higher mean age(39.45±10.38, P=0.023). However, they were lower regarding the level of education (P<0.001), family income(P<0.001), and exercise (P<0.001). Also, they showed a higher number of pregnancies (P<0.001), deliveries(P<0.001), vaginal delivery (P<0.001), episiotomy (P<0.001), and neonates with a weight of ≥3.5 kg (P=0.002).In both groups, midwives and doctors were the most important sources of information about the appearance andfunction of reproductive system. However, the genital self-image and sexual function of the two groups did notdiffer significantly (P>0.05). No difference in sexual self-image and lack of difference in sexual function after cosmeticprocedures show the need to pay attention to recommending and selecting these procedures. Public awarenessabout the diverse and natural forms of the female genitalia, education about the variety of the factors affectingsexual function, reduction of unnecessary interventions, increase in physiological births, retraining doctorsand midwives, and multidimensional counseling can help to choose more appropriate candidates for cosmeticprocedures.

Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) and access to related services are the most important issues and are part of reproductive health rights. Therefore, this study was designed and conducted to explain the perceived barriers and needs in accessing sexual health services for Iranian couples.

We conducted this study on 14 subjects at the Navab Health Center in Isfahan and Behsa Counseling Center in Tehran from November 2015 to December 2016 by common qualitative content analysis approach through semi‑structured interviews.

The results show that sub‑subcategories “Therapist’s Individual Traits” and “Specialized Skills of Therapist” formed “Need for Access to a Professional Therapist” subcategory and sub‑subcategories “Provide specialized problem‑based treatments” and “Rapid and Timely Therapy of Sexual Problems” formed the “Need for Timely and Comprehensive Access” subcategory and these two subcategories formed the main category of “Need to access a specialized, comprehensive and timely sexual health services system.” Furthermore, sub‑subcategories of “Failure to Prioritize Sexual Matters” and “Lack of sexual awareness” formed the “Individual Challenges of Search for Sexual Health Services” subcategory, and sub‑subcategories of “Sexual Problems are a Taboo” and “Lack of awareness of the existence of sex therapists and sexual health service centers” formed “Sociocultural Challenges to Access Sexual Health Services” subcategory. Two subcategories formed the main category of “Obstacles to Access Efficient and Proper Sexual Health Services.”

The explored couple’s experiences demonstrated that the need to receive timely and comprehensive specialized sexual health services because of the obstacles to access is not provided.

One way of dealing with pregnancy-related anxiety is through women’s beliefs. This studyaimed to assess the effect of spiritual self-care blended learning on anxiety in women with preterm labor. A non-blinded and parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted in Kashan, Iran, fromApril to November 2018. In this study, 70 pregnant women with preterm labor were randomized tointervention and control groups (35 each) by flipping a coin. For the intervention group, spiritualself-care training was delivered through two face-to-face sessions and three offline sessions. Thecontrol group received routine mental healthcare. The data were collected using socio-demographicinformation and the Persian Short Form of the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety (PRA) Questionnaires.Participants filled out the questionnaires at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and fourweeks after it. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-tests, and repeated measures ANOVAwere used to analyze the data. SPSS v.22 was used, with a significance level of P<0.05. At baseline, the mean PRA scores in the intervention and control groups were 52.25±29.23and 49.68±21.66, respectively (P=0.67). There were significant differences immediately after theintervention (28.02±12.13 and 51.42±20.99 in the intervention and control groups, respectively)(P<0.001), and four weeks post-intervention (25.45±10.44 and 52.17±21.13 in the intervention andcontrol groups, respectively) (P<0.001); PRA was lower in the intervention group. Our results revealed the positive effect of spiritual self-care intervention on anxiety inwomen with preterm labor, so this intervention could be integrated into prenatal care.Trial Registration Number: IRCT20160808029255N2

Divorce has become a global issue that is increasing in many industrial and developing countries, including Iran. One of the significant reasons for divorce is sexual dysfunction. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of Forensic Medicine Department service recipients and providers in evaluating male sexual dysfunction following filing for divorce.

This study was a qualitative study that was analyzed through a content analysis approach. Purposive sampling was done with maximum variation until data saturation was reached. Individual interviews were used to collect data. The data were collected through in-depth quasi-structured interviews with 20 service recipients and 9 service providers of the Forensic Medicine Department in Tehran from January 2022 to March 2022.

The data analysis led to the extraction of two main categories, including existing challenges of the forensic medical system in the process of sexual assessment with 3 sub-categories (absence of the plaintiff in the assessment process, sharing a common room with other clients, the psychosocial pressure associated with a Rigi scan test) and features of desirable evaluation services with 5 sub-categories (service delivery to couples, service delivery by observing ethical principles, confidentiality and human dignity, comprehensive physical-psychological-communicative assessment, service delivery that emphasizes informing couples of the path ahead, provision of services if the authenticity of the sexual problem is proven).

Our research results indicate that the national Forensic Medical Department faces certain challenges regarding the assessment and diagnosis of sexual dysfunctions among divorce applicants. Based on these results, certain modifications should be made to the evaluation procedures of these applicants. Forensic medicine policymakers and decision-makers can utilize the results of this study to address the existent shortcomings and even prevent the increase in divorce rates due to sexual dysfunctions by developing appropriate guidelines.

Following hypoactive sexual desire disorder, orgasmic disorder is the most commonly reported sexual dysfunction in women. Consultation based on an integrated approach is one of the suitable methods for treating this problem. Considering the prevalence, importance and impact of orgasmic disorder on the quality of individual, family and social life in women, the study aimed at investigating the effect of integrated consultation based on the Ex-PLISSIT model on women's orgasmic disorder.

 This randomized clinical trial was performed on 60 women with orgasmic disorder referred to the women's clinic of Arash Women's Comprehensive Hospital in Tehran in 2019. Samples were randomly assigned either to intervention or control group. The intervention was done in the form of individual counseling sessions using an integrated approach based on the Ex-PLISSIT model. Data collection tool included the Female Orgasm Scale. Orgasm rate, satisfaction with the number of orgasms, and satisfaction with orgasm quality were assessed before the intervention, 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, independent t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance using the SPSS software version 21.

The two groups were homogeneous in the demographic variables (P>0.05). The mean scores of the number of orgasms, satisfaction with the number of orgasms and satisfaction with orgasm quality were not significantly different between the two groups before the intervention (P>0.05). However, 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention, mean scores of the number of orgasms, satisfaction with the number of orgasms, and satisfaction with orgasm quality showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05), and in both times the mean scores in the intervention group was significantly higher than those of in the control group.

The results of the present study showed the positive effect of integrated consultation based on Ex-PLISSIT model on orgasm rate, satisfaction with the number of orgasms and satisfaction with orgasm quality in women.

Promoting of women’s sexual health literacy depended to the study of this variable. This study aimed to determine the status of women’s sexual health literacy and its dimensions. Setting and Design: This cross-sectional study conducted in health centers in Amol, Iran, from July to September 2019.

A total of 400 women of reproductive age who registered with Iran’s integrated health record system selected via two-stage sampling technique. The Sexual Health Literacy for Adults questionnaire consists of 40 items regarding four dimensions of access, reading and understanding, analysis, and appraisal, and application was used to collect data. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed in SPSS version 16 using the descriptive and Friedman test with significance level of (P < 0.05).

According to the results, 23.3% of the participants had insufficient sexual health literacy. The highest mean score of sexual literacy was related to reading and understanding, whereas the lowest score was related to the application dimension. There was a significant difference in the mean scores of various dimensions of sexual health literacy (P < 0.001). The mean rank of scores was lower for the application dimension in all age groups, education (except primary and secondary levels), and participation in training courses (P < 0.001).

Approximately one-fourth of the research sample had insufficient sexual health literacy, with their lowest score being related to the application dimension. Further studies should be designed to better perceive the application dimension of sexual health literacy and its effective factors.

Divorce is the most important factor in family disintegration. This study aimed to assess the perspectives of Tehran residents aged over 20 years on women’s social exclusion after divorce and its related factors.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on the population over 20 years old in Tehran in September 2019. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic conditions, the Social Exclusion Questionnaire for Iranian Divorced Women was provided to the subjects online. Convenience sampling was applied until 400 questionnaires were completely received. Independent t test, one-way analysis of variance, multiple linear regressions, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to investigate the relationship between social exclusion and demographic variables via SPSS (version 16) at the significance level of 0.05.

The mean±standard deviation of the age of participants was 37.82±9.1 years. There was a significant relationship between social exclusion and employment status (P<0.001), education level (P<0.001), economic status (P<0.001), and marital status (P<0.001). Further, there was a significant correlation between social exclusion and age (P<0.001). The total average of economic dependence and discrimination based on marital status, terrifying, depriving, and damaging marital status were 4.19±0.70, 4.0±02.75, 3.80±1.06, 3.75±0.85, and 3.67±0.94, respectively.

The economic dependence based on marital status had the highest impact on the social exclusion of divorced women based on the opinion of Tehran residents aged over 20.

Patients’ rights refer to specific legal privileges related to physical, psychological, spiritual, and social needs that have been reflected in the form of medical standards, rules, and regulations, and the health system and medical staff are responsible for their observance.

The present study aimed to assess the observance of patients’ rights by physicians (surgeons and anesthesiologists) and technicians (anesthetists and operating room technicians).

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 142 operating room technicians and physicians working in hospitals affiliated with Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The participants were selected using stratified random sampling. The patient rights observation checklist was completed by indirect observation of the participants’ performance, and the data were analyzed with SPSS version 20 using the chi-square test and independent samples t-test.

The mean scores for the extent to which patients’ rights were observed by all technicians and all physicians were 69.7 ± 10.5 and 57.17 ± 11.7, respectively. The corresponding values were 65.15 ± 9.36 and 54.27 ± 11.24 for the anesthesiologists and surgeons and 84.16 ± 7.31 and 66.63 ± 8.23 for the anesthetists and operating room technicians, respectively. The patients’ rights observance scores were significantly higher for the anesthetists than for the operating room technicians (P = 0.001) and higher for the anesthesiologists than for the surgeons (P = 0.005).

This study indicated that although anesthesiologists and anesthetists observed patients’ rights more than operating room technicians and surgeons, the observance of patients’ rights in the operating room was generally moderate. Thus, it is essential to hold refresher courses in medical ethics and patient rights for medical staf

Parents’ competence has the most important role in the education of healthy sexual behavior to children under age 12 years.

This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and competence of parents in response to their children’s sexual behavior. Setting and Design: This population-based survey was conducted in Mazandaran Province, the province in the northern region of Iran, from October to January 2015.

In this cross-sectional study, 600 parents were selected by a cluster random sampling technique. To assess parents’ sexual knowledge and competence, the “Children’s Sexual Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ)” was used to collect data. Mothers and fathers completed the questionnaire separately. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were used for data analysis.

Of the total 600 participants (mothers or fathers), 41.3% were fathers. The mean age of fathers and mothers was 34.12 ± 6.32 and 32.24 ± 85.5, respectively. The majority of the parents (66.7%) had an average level of knowledge in response to their children’s sexual behavior, whereas only 5% of the parents had appropriate competence in response to sexual behavior of their children. There was a positive association between parents’ competence in response to children’s sexual behavior and their education (P < 0.001, β = 0.13), and a significant inverse association was observed between parents’ competence and their economic status(P = 0.02, β = −0.18).

In groups with low education, skill-building training courses are essential. Furthermore, appropriate interventions should be designed for groups with high economic status who do not have a high competence.

Self care is a key factor in the health of menopausal women and a strategy for adapting with the events and stresses of menopause. So far, many studies have examined the effect of strategies on increasing self care capacity in menopausal women.

In this narrative review study, to achieve the desired persian and english studies searching the databases of Magiran, Sid, , Pubmed, scopuse, web of science, Embase, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) Google scholar search engine  were performed between 2000-2021. The checklist of original research articles was used.

After reviewing the articles, 12 eligible articles were reviewed. Findings from review of articles showed that using of The teach back method, Orem self care model, self care education, self directed learning, support group learning, Mindfulness-Based Art Therapy, Online program, Interventional strategy, integrative health-care model and personal counseling that place into two categories: “Perception Based Self care Strategies” and “Action-Based Self-care Strategies” which can help improve the self-care capacity of postmenopausal women.

Based on the results of reviewed researches, perception based Self-care Strategies and action-Based Self-care Strategies can be used as effective strategies to improve self care in menopausal women. Therefore, it is recommended that these methods be considered in postmenopausal women's health promotion programs.

Proper assessment of the quality of sexual life requires having access to psychometrically sound instruments. The present study aimed to develop an instrument to assess Iranian women’s quality of sexual life.

This was a mixed-method study with exploratory design; at first, the Iranian women’s perception of the quality of sexual life was explored. An initial 73-item version of the questionnaire was generated according to qualitative findings and the review of the literature. Then, psychometric characteristics consist of face, content, construct, convergent validity, and internal consistency were assessed. A total of 450 women completed the developed questionnaire, ENRICH scale, and sexual quality of the life-female questionnaire.

The results of face validity were satisfactory. The content validity index and content validity ratio were found to be .92 and .80, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis identified six factors accounted for 51.92% of the variance. The identified six factors that were also confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis with acceptable goodness of fit indices. Correlations between the total scores and the dimensions of sexual quality of life-female questionnaire and ENRICH ranged from .414 to .747. Total and the range of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the explored subscales were 0.94 and 0.94 to 0.60 respectively.

This study provided a valid and reliable 36-items questionnaire to holistically assess Iranian women’s quality of sexual life. It will be useful as a self-reported measure in research and clinical practice of women’s sexual health.

Sexual health literacy enables an understanding and application of sexual health information and has benefits beyond health. Health literacy is an important element for achieving cognitive skills in health promotion. One of the most important problems in sexual health and sexual function in women is infertility. This study aims to explore the dimensions of sexual health literacy among women with infertility.

In this qualitative study, a total of 18 individual interviews with 15 Iranian women with infertility, and three key informants, were conducted in infertility centers in Rasht (the North of Iran). Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews using interview guide questions. Data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis approach.

Five themes emerged: informational needs of sexual health, information seeking, informational perception, validation of information, and information application. Sexual issues are taboo in Iranian culture. They are not taught in health and educational centers. All the participants believed that there was a lack of information about the sexual response cycle, preventing sexually transmitted infections, targeted intercourse, and consequences of infertility in sexual life. Participants mentioned the embarrassment, privacy, and lack of centers for sexual health as information-seeking barriers. Searching different sources and questioning the informants were ways for understanding information. Women evaluated the accuracy of the information by considering the validity of the source of information, comparing information from different sources, and asking the experts. They applied the information received about sexual health, satisfaction, and especially targeted intercourse to increase the chance of pregnancy.

Sexual health literacy in infertile women includes different dimensions. It can help promote sexual health, satisfaction, and increasing the chance of pregnancy.

It is necessary to have a valid, reliable, and socio-cultural appropriate questionnaire for evaluation of women's sexual self-efficacy. Therefore, the objective of the study was the development and psychometric evaluation of the context-based questionnaire for women's sexual self-efficacy.

The study was conducted during two phases on clients visiting the healthcare centers of Tehran University of medical sciences in 2018. In the first phase, Iranian women' sexual self-efficacy, and its dimensions were explored through thematic analysis, and it was compiled in 24 items by the deductive-inductive method. In the second phase, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were tested using face, content, construct, and criterion validity and reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient.

Iranian women's sexual self-efficacy was defined as "women' ability to make sexual relationship which leads to mutual orgasm or sexual satisfaction." Sexual relationship, the proper level of sexual self-expression, women's ability in the management of her and husband's sexual response cycle and having the necessary skills to make a delightful sexual relationship were explored as the dimensions of definition of women’s sexual self-efficacy. Questionnaires were prepared with 24 items. The content validity index and content validity ratio (CVI and CVR) were found as 0.92 and 0.84, respectively. The results of qualitative and quantitative face validity and criterion validity were acceptable. Construct validity through exploratory factor analysis led to identifying four factors explained 66.68% of the variance. The items of the questionnaire were reduced from 24 to 21 after construct validity. The results of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.94) and ICC (0.50) supported the acceptable stability of the questionnaire.

The psychometric properties of developed sexual self-efficacy questionnairewomen (SSEQ-W) has good validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used as a useful tool in future studies.

Assessment of sexual health literacy requires an appropriate tool. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate the level of sexual health literacy among Iranian adults. This study was designed in two phases in Tehran during 2017-2018. In the first step, the questionnaire was developed by item generation through expert panel and literature review. In the second step, the assessment of psychometric properties of the questionnaire including face, content, and structure validity (exploratory factor analysis) and convergence criterion (using general health literacy questionnaire) were done. Reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 21. The content validity indices (CVI and CVR) for all items were 0.84 and 0.81, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis identified four factors including skills of access, reading and understanding, evaluation and analysis, and application of information that explained %68.1 of the variance. Convergent validity of the questionnaire showed a correlation between the questionnaire’s dimensions and general health literacy questionnaire in the range of 0.31 to 0.70. The SHELA showed a high internal consistency reliability with Cronbach’s alpha, ranging from 0.84 to 0.94 and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), ranging from 0.90 to 0.97. The psychometric assessment of the 40-item questionnaire (SHELA) indicates desirable validity and reliability. This questionnaire is suggested for assessing the level of sexual health literacy of adults in future studies.

  Sexual desire has biological, individual, interpersonal, and social dimensions. The question raised here is whether being a woman or a man influences sexual desire or whether gender differences contribute to it. This study aimed at exploring married women’s and men’s experiences regarding the concept of sexual desire. This study conducted by a qualitative design and with a thematic analysis method. Data were collected using semi structured-interviews (with an equal number of men and women) chosen through a purposeful sampling method. After being conducted, each interview was transcribed verbatim and read several times to achieve the sense of the whole and then, the key terms were highlighted as codes. After the initial classification of the codes, subthemes and main themes gradually appeared. Two main themes were developed as follows: “feeling of arousal with the goal of achieving orgasm” and “individual conditions and relational skills strengthening sexual desire.” Participants considered physical, psychological, and interpersonal dimensions of sexual desire. They mostly intended sexual intercourse and orgasm during the feeling of sexual desire. The skills of couples to interact with each other and physical and psychological readiness for an individual to have sexual relationships strengthened sexual desire. Any evaluation and treatment in the field of sexual desire should be comprehensive and consider all contextual, individual, and interpersonal aspects of each society.

Parental education in sexuality plays a vital role in children's lives. The purpose of this study was to explore Iranian parents' perspectives about the needs of children sexuality education. This qualitative study was done in 2016. In this qualitative inquiry, seven sessions of community group interview and focus group discussions were conducted with the parents of Ghaemshahr, Iran, using purposive sampling (n = 39, 27 mothers and 12 fathers). Statistical Analysis Used: We employed thematic analysis method to extract our findings. The findings were categorized into three essential needs: (1) parents' preparedness, (2) efficacious parental management, and (3) supportive environments. The sub-theme describing the theme 1 includes “the need for adequate knowledge to answer the sexual questions and the child's sexual curiosity” and “the need for awareness about the time of beginning an appropriate sexuality education for children.” Moreover, the sub-theme describing theme 2 includes “the need for sufficient skills to begin proper and intimate communication,” “the need for effective monitoring and care,” and “the need for capability in managing the child sexual behavior.” Moreover, the sub-theme describing theme 3 includes “the need to receive training from sexual health professionals,” “the need for authorized sexuality education programs,” “the need for national-wide policy-making and strategy planning in sexuality education,” and “the need for a comprehensive and complete educational resource.” Our findings suggest that to address the goals in sexuality education for children, parents' need to be prepared in knowledge, and gaining positive attitude and practical skills. To achieve these goals, supportive environments must be provided by policy-makers and health providers with culturally appropriate strategy planning.

Some researchers consider sexual desire as a biological phenomenon, while others stress its psychological aspect. The question is why people experience different levels of sexual desire in different societies. This question can be answered from a sociological perspective. This study aimed at exploring Iranian couples’ perceptions of the role of sexual socialization in their sexual desire. This research had a qualitative thematic analysis method. Data collection was performed through 14 individual semi-structured interviews with seven couples, selected through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was performed concurrently with data collection. Analyzing participants’ perceptions led to the extraction of 333 codes, five sub-sub-themes and two sub-themes “dual role of the parents” and “dual role of the community” in sexual development. The participants’ dual role of parents, included parents’ ability for sexual training of children and adolescents and the affectionate relationship between parents in the presence of children. Dual role of the community included sources of sexual information and sexual health education, beliefs and sociocultural taboos in sexual issues, and perception of couples from religious teachings about sexual issues. The main theme shared between sub-themes was “dual role of sexual socialization”. Sexual desire was stronger in those whose sexual development had occurred in an active social context. In most cases, however, the couple’s sexual desire had weakened because their sexual development had occurred in a passive social context. Educating sexual health experts, who can provide the sexual training needed at the individual, family, and community levels and act as reliable educational resources in line with the religious, cultural and social structure of the Iranian society seems necessary.

Women constitute about half of the Iranian population. Sexual behaviour is one of the most important elements in their lives. Identifying the elements associated with sexual behaviours seems necessary in order to draw a thorough picture of Iranian women's sexuality.

To elicit information from Iranian women at their reproductive ages on sexual behaviours related to their elements including sexual capacity, sexual motivation, performance and sexual scripts.

Study participants involved 295 women at reproductive age from five different cities. Women completed a national self-reporting questionnaire on elements related to sexual behaviours. The elements included sexual capacity, sexual motivation, sexual performance, and sexual script. Pearson’s correlation variance analysis and multi-linear regression were used to analyze data.

Significant positive correlation was found between the sexual capacity, motivation, performance, and sexual script (p

Identifying the elements of sexual behaviours would help women understand their sexual behaviours and related influencing factors. Therefore, enrichment of women's sexuality is needed; also a well-planned educational program is a need for women to understand their sexuality-related potentials.

Women’s sexual well-being has been the center of attention in the field of sexology. Study of sexual behavior and investigating its predictors are important for women’s health promotion. This study aimed to explore the components of women’s sexual behaviors and their possible associations with demographic variables.
This study was a cross-sectional study (descriptive and analytic) that was conducted in Kashan city, Iran. A National Sexual Behavior Assessment Questionnaire was completed by 500 women of 15 to 49 who referred to the public health centers. To analyze the data, R software was used, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis (for parametric or nonparametric data, respectively) were used to compare outcomes among different groups. In order to evaluate the correlation between the subscales, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used.
From all participants, 31.8% obtained high scores in the sexual capacity, 21.2% had high scores in sexual motivation and 0.2% had high scores in sexual function. In sexual script component, 86.2% of women who held traditional beliefs toward sexual behaviors; the majority (91.5%) of women believed in mutual and relational sexuality, 83.4% believed in androcentricity (male-dominated sexuality). Pearson correlation test showed a significant positive correlation between sexual capacity, motivation, function and sexual script. Linear Regression model showed that sexual capacity is associated with women’s education and age of her spouse. Sexual function and sexual motivation were significantly associated with the age of subject's spouses.
In this study, subjects had low scores in sexual performance while higher scores were achieved in sexual capacity and motivation. This discrepancy can be attributed to the role of sexual scripts dominating the participants’ sexual interactions in this study. We suggest gender-specific and culturally-sensitive education should become a part of women’s health programs in Iran.

This study aimed to perform a review of the literature to examine sexual behavior in Iran.
A review of Iranian literature covering all full publications in both Persian (2001- 2015) and English language (2010-2015) on sexual behavior was carried out. The search strategy included a combination of keywords ' 'Jensi'[Sexuality], Jema'[Coitus], Nazdiki[Coition], 'Mogharebat' and 'sexual attitude','sexual practice', "sexual performance','sexual function','sexual dysfunction',’sexual satisfaction', 'sexual behavior in English language. All papers were filtered by 'Hamkhabegi/Hambastari'[Intercourse], in Persian language and 'Sexual', Sexual knowledge', keywords in title, abstract and keywords. The databases we used to search the publication in Persian language were Iran Medex, Magiran and SID. Furthermore, in English language PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Science Direct and ProQuest were used. A total of 1182 abstracts were identified and after exclusion of 234 duplicates and irrelevant papers, 951 abstracts were reviewed by 2 investigators.
All scientific documents were categorized in three bio-medical, psychological and sociological domains. According to the data pool, 481 articles were classified in bio-medical, 347 in psychological and 123 articles in sociological domain.
There was relatively acceptable evidence on bio-medical and psychological issues. However, providing enough evidence on sociological perspective need further well designed investigations.