reyhaneh soltani moghadas

There has recently occurred a massive change of land use in rural settlements in the hinterland of cities. The expansion of urbanization has induced considerable changes in rural settlements with some physical, social, economic and environmental consequences. One of the most important consequences of land use change is the conversion of agricultural land into residential applications, which has reduced the production capacity of rural settlements. The present study was carried out in Qarchak county and 4 villages were selected as the case study. Of total population of the study area, 240 cases were selected as the sample. The research method drew on both quantitative and qualitative approaches and the data was collected using documentary and field surveys. Also, the relationship between items was evaluated using factor analysis method. According to the findings, the measurement indices of each scale used at a confidence interval of 5% had a t-value of more than 1.96, indicating a significant correlation between research items. The mean villagers' views about the effect of land use change were as follows: environmental dimension (3.61), physical dimension (3.99), social dimension (3.421) and economic dimension (58.3) all obtained at a significant level of 0.0001. The estimated t-value (246.11) was larger than the critical value of 1.96, which confirmed the relationship between test items. Therefore, it can be concluded that expanded residential use, due to population absorption and its associated social impacts such as social differences and economic consequences like increased intermediary businesses and land deals have induced environmental impacts in terms of reduced green space and agricultural lands.

Historically, natural factors have been effective on the establishment, type of livelihood and displacement of populations, and the example of its influence can be seen clearly in the instability of rural settlements, This study was conducted to investigate the role of natural factors in the instability of rural settlements in Zagros mountain and foothill (case study:Villages of Marivan and Sarvabad Counties). In this study, 9 factors (climate, altitude, slope, fault, rivers, landslides, lithology, erosion, land users) were used, Layers of these factors were provided in ARC GIS environments .and weighted by using Expert choice software And by adding weights to AHP model in ARC GIS and overlapping layers, the stable, semi stable and unstable villages were specified.The research method was descriptive - analytic method, and ARC GIS software and Expert choice were used, The results showed that out of 229 settlements in the study area, about 24 villages (10/48%) were located in stable zone, 58 villages (32/28%) in the range of semi-permanent, And 147 villages (64/19 percent%) are located in unstable areas, In general, the under study area in terms of environmental - ecological factors is considered as unstable, Therefore, Fundamental and serious attention to these factors in order to avoid the risks and preventing the loss of capital in any planning, seems to be necessary

Translocal flows of capital play an important role in rural economy. They include the flow of people, agricultural products, capital, and information that exist between rural and urban areas. The severity and extent of these flows vary across geographical areas. In this regard, the environmental capacities of the geographical regions are highly important in attracting and expanding capital flows. According to Takoli (1998), these flows have a prominent role in the transformation of rural economy through stabilization and economic diversification of rural settlements. The translocal flow of capital from urban to rural areas can help expand the industrial and services sectors. Moreover, they can affect other spatial flows. Thus, the efficient utilization of these flows will bring in benefits for rural households. The capital flow is formed based on different mechanisms including: regional economy, market functions, urban services and the urban actors. The case studies of Ehlers reveal that factors such as the property relations and owners’ residence in the city will provoke the one-way flow of capital from rural to urban areas, leading to the transfer of the wealth to the cities and thus the impoverishment of the rural areas. The unbalanced distribution of the rural and urban households will encourage migration to the cities, creating a regional imbalance.