reza amani

Due to the low consumption of fruits and vegetables in adults, most of them are employed in workplaces; this condition is a good opportunity to implement an intervention to influence the behavior of this group. This study aims to determine the effects of social marketing techniques in an intervention on fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake among office staff. 

This descriptive study was a formative research. This study was conducted on 70 administrative staff in a government office in Ghaemshahr City, Mazandaran Province, Iran in two stages, formative research and developing intervention strategies according to social marketing techniques. Formative research consists of two distinct phases, qualitative and quantitative. The categories were extracted using the direct content analysis method by MAX QDA at the qualitative stage, and the questionnaire data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 22 using descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple linear regression. 

In the qualitative section, factors affecting F&V consumption were extracted into five main categories, including product, place, price, promotion, and organizational support. In the quantitative stage, the mean age of participants was 42.14±6.84 years, and the lowest percentage of mean scores related to the commitment to the action plan (29.16%) was related to the construct of Pender’s health promotion model (HPM). Previous related behaviors, behavioral outcomes, preferences, and immediate demand predicted 43% of F&V consumption behavior. The mean intake of F&V per day was 1.57±1.32 and 0.45±0.75 units, respectively.

Although social marketing is a planning process, using theory can lead to the development of effective and accurate marketing strategies by covering all aspects of behavior to take more effective action to improve it.

One of the Quranic scientific achievements after the victory of the Islamic Revolution is the expansion and deepening of the translations of the Holy Quran. Although this huge movement has been accompanied by precise and careful attention from the translators in different styles of translation, sometimes they have suffered from weaknesses. One of these weaknesses can be seen in the translation of some key words such as "piety" and its other derivatives. The current research aims to achieve a correct and complete meaning of this word and with library tools and descriptive-analytical method in data evaluation, it analyzed the concept and equivalent of the word "piety" in the thought of Hazrat Ayatollah Khamenei (Dam Zaleh) and then applied it He has paid attention to a number of contemporary Persian translations of the Qur'an (the translations of the late Fouladvand, Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi, the late Ayatollah Meshkini, and Dr. Rezaei Esfahani) of this material, and evaluated them. . The result of this research is the discovery of a superior meaning compared to other common meanings for this word; What the four translators mentioned in reflecting it in their translation, generally had a considerable distance. However, Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi has performed better in translating it than other translators in this field.

The publisher has been informed of an error that occurred on page 699 in which the last authors name must be changed to Razie Hormoznejad. On behalf of the author, the publisher wishes to apologize for this error. The online version of article has been updated on 31 July 2023 and can be found at 10.18502/ijrm.v14i11.699.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary acid load (DAL) with psychological disorders and the odds of disease in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D).

This case-control study was performed on 61 patients with IBS-D and 61 healthy matched individuals aged 20 to 55 years in Isfahan. To collect data, 3‐day dietary record and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21) were used. Also, anthropometric indices were measured.  

No significant difference was found between potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores between the two groups. There was a significant direct relationship between NEAP scores with stress and depression in the IBS-D group and also with anxiety in the two groups (P<0.05). No association was found between PRAL and NEAP with odds of IBS-D in both crude and adjusted models.

Dietary acid load may be associated with psychological disorders in patients with IBS-D. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

In today's world, most attention of young people is focused on cyberspace, while the transfer of Quranic concepts in this space has not been done according to the requirements of the contemporary world. Therefore, understanding these conditions leads the Quranic trustees to the need to use new methods in transmitting Quranic concepts to the young audience. Using the descriptive-analytical method, the present study has investigated the methods of attracting Quranic concepts and the contexts of attracting the audience to the Quran by quoting verses and hadiths. Then, using the field method and publishing a questionnaire, he evaluated the effectiveness of these methods from the perspective of the audience. According to this study, the method of questioning and the use of narrative formats and performing arts have a great impact on the attractiveness of Quranic concepts and the main weakness in the transfer of Quranic concepts, practical and applicable transfer gap in their examples, and low use of images related to Quranic concepts in cyberspace.

One of the most fundamental concepts in the Holy Quran is the subject of guidance and misguidance. Among the stylistic features of this group of verses is the association of the letter "Ala" with the concept of guidance (Ala Hodan) and the letter "fi" with the concept of misguidance (fi dhalalen). The intellectual level of the use of these letters with the mentioned concepts sheds light on a part of the expressive miracle of the guiding verses of the Holy Quran. Analysis of the meanings of the letters Ala and Fi along with their compatibility with the concepts of guidance and misguidance in the Qur'an shows that the Qur'an considers the wise believers as those who ride on a horse and move in a path, governing their living conditions and destiny. So that these people will advance in the path of guidance with power and dominance and will eventually reach their destination. In the face of the polytheists and infidels, they will be immersed in worldly life and immersed in darkness and the toy of Satan and worldly life, and they will fail in the end. People who are "guided" (Ala Hodan) have a "source of internal control". They are responsible for their actions and lives, are less affected by the opinions of others and external stimuli, perform better in their jobs and responsibilities, and tend to maintain their mental and physical health. Unlike misguided people who have an "external source of control", they see external factors as involved in their success or failure and are less inclined to take responsibility.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of compact food bar (CFB) designed on cardiopulmonary function in men athletes who serve in military service.

In this randomized, single?blind, controlled clinical trial, 46 men of military staff were  rranged into 2 groups and studied for 28 days; one branch used 3 packs daily, 700 kcal each, of CFB with Functional compounds (Caffeine and L?arginine) and the other group used regular food during training course. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 Max) in vitro with cardiopulmonary exercise test, body composition, and physical activity were assessed and recordedat baseline and end of the study period.

VO2 Max (P = 0.05) significantly increased in CFB group compared with baseline. Moreover, VO2 Max (P = 0.01), VO2/HR (P = 0.04), oxygen uptake/heart rate (VO2/HR) (P = 0.03), and ventilation per minute/oxygen uptake (VE/VO2) (P = 0.03) significantly increased in CFB group compared with control group. In comparison, there was no significant difference in mean ventilation per minute/carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) (P = 0.41), ventilation per minute (VE) (P = 0.69), and breathing frequency (P = 0.056). No significant effect of CFB was found on weight, body mass index (P = 0.23), lean body mass (P = 0.91), and body fat mass (P = 0.91).

Our results show that intervention with CFB is more effective than regular diet in improving cardiopulmonary function in men athletes who serve in military service.

Propaganda in religious culture has different definitions and principles than propaganda in Western culture And this is why they are different in the use of methods, which is one of the pillars of advertisingThese methods have their own requirements based on each of these two cultures At the same time, neglecting to use the correct methods of religious propaganda is associated with many harmsIn this research, using descriptive-analytical method and relying on verses and narrations, while enumerating the propaganda methods, their harms are also dealt withAmong the methods, indirect verbal method is one of the methods used in Quranic sermonsAlso, the question and answer method is one of the most widely used methods in the biography of the infallibles Its advantage over other methods is the attention to individual differences and psychological needs of the audience In such a way that the preacher conveys the message according to the situation of the recipientAlso, neglect of the level of understanding of the audience and its practical dimension, humiliation of the audience, inconsistency of the preacher's behavior with the content of his advertisement, Exaggeration in preaching or warning, stereotyping the message, and the emotional gap between the preacher and the audience are the most important harms of propaganda methodsIn order to promote the effectiveness of religious propaganda in society, it is necessary to pay attention to them

Daily consumption of fruit and vegetable (F and V) can effectively reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases; therefore it is necessary to identify the factors affecting this behavior. This study aimed to determine the Predictive Power of Pender’s Health promotion model (HPM) constructs in F and V consumption behavior and the effects of some background variables on this behavior.

A descriptive‑correlation study was conducted on 418 employees working in different offices of Qaemshahr, Mazandaran Province from April 8, 2019, to July 23, 2019. The participants filled out a questionnaire about perceived F and V Consumption behavior based on Pender’s HPM Constructs. The data were statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics and parametric tests, including the Pearson correlation, Independent– Sample t‑test, One‑Way analysis of variance test, and multiple linear regression, in SPSS‑22.

The mean age of participants was 40.25 ± 7.56 years. The results showed that F and V consumption behavior was positively correlated with some constructs of Pender’s HPM including, behavioral outcome (r = 0.51, P < 0.001), previous related behavior (r = 0.48, P < 0.001), commitment to action (r = 0.47, P < 0.001), perceived self‑efficacy and behavior‑related emotions (r = 0.39, P < 0.001). Behavioral outcome alone explained 26% of the dependent variable changes (F and V consumption behavior). The results also indicated that there was a significant relationship between gender and F and V consumption behavior (P = 0.01).

The study findings demonstrated that some of Pender’s HPM Constructs could predict F and V consumption behavior. Behavioral outcome alone was a strong predictor of this behavior. Therefore, in addition to background variables, these constructs should be taken into account in the development of training interventions and courses.

Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) spread has been highly effective in the treatment of malnutrition in those affected by disasters since it does not require preparation and baking and has a long shelf life and sufficient energy to improve growth and weight loss. Such features may be crucial during crises such as wars and natural disasters. The present study aimed to design a highenergy and nutrient-dense RUTF formulation.

Soybean flour and milk protein concentrate were used as protein sources, corn flour, and sugar were employed as carbohydrate sources, cacao butter substitute was used as the lipid source, and vitamin/mineral, beta-alanine, arginine, Nigella sativa, and sesame seeds were used as a functional food. The study was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and criteria for food products.

To design the formulation, we used carbohydrates (45% of total energy), protein (13% of total energy), fat (42% of total energy), vitamins, minerals, beta-alanine, and arginine, and 100 grams of the diet was considered to release 525 kilocalories of energy. The experimental results of food safety at the determined intervals (at the beginning and 45 and 90 days after the production) showed acceptable values.

Since nutritional requirements are among essential human needs (especially in the management of malnutrition in crisis), it is of utmost importance to prepare RUTF products in order to meet all human nutritional needs by facilitating the easy use of these products, particularly for the prevention of malnutrition and diseases.

Migraine is a prevalent health condition associated with significant pain and disability. Neurogenic inflammation has a key role in migraine pathophysiology. Curcumin is a well‑known herb compound with anti‑inflammatory function. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin supplementation on clinical features, as well as on serum levels of calcitonine gene‑related peptide (CGRP) and interleukin‑6 (IL‑6).

This randomized double‑blind placebo‑controlled clinical trial was carried out on 44 women with migraine, receiving either 500 mg curcumin twice a day or placebo supplements for 8 weeks. Serum CGRP and IL‑6 concentration, and clinical symptoms including headache severity, duration and frequency were measured at the baseline and end of study.

After 8‑week intervention, compared with placebo, curcumin supplementation led to significand reduction in CGRP (P < 0.001), IL‑6 (P = 0.041), severity (P = 0.001), and duration of headache ( P = 0.007). Headache frequency showed marginal improvement in curcumin group, compared to controls ( P = 0.052). Within‑analysis indicated significant decrease in CGRP and severity (P < 0.001), frequency ( P = 0.014) and duration ( P = 0.003) and no significant decrease in IL‑6 (P = 0.454), compared to baseline in curcumin group. There were no significant changes in body mass index (BMI), weight, percent body fat (PBF), and percent body muscle (PBM) between the two groups.

Curcumin supplementation improved the pro‑inflammatory markers and clinical features of migraine headaches and that could be contributed to could be to its anti‑inflammatory properties.

Personality plays an important role in food choices. The aim of this study was to assess the association of personality traits with dietary habits and food preferences.

This cross‑sectional study was carried out on 224 healthy female students aged 18–30 years with a normal BMI. Dietary habits, food preferences, and personality were assessed using validated questionnaire.

Our results showed that neuroticism and openness were associated with low scores while conscientiousness was related to high scores of dietary habits (r = ‑0.33 P < 0.001, r = ‑0.13, P < 0.05 and r = 0.26, P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, neuroticism was correlated with preference to salty, sour and fatty foods and negatively associated with dairy products (P < 0.05). Extraversion showed a positive correlation with preference to fast foods, ice cream, chocolate, cocoa, and negative correlation with meat. Openness was positively correlated with preference for meat and biscuit and negatively correlated with fruits (P < 0.05). Agreeableness was related to having soft drinks and sweetened fruit juices and conscientiousness had a positive association with preference to dairy products, vegetables, nuts, food with salty tastes, and a negative association with biscuits (P < 0.05).

Overall, assessing personality traits could be useful to identify young women who may be at risk of unhealthy dietary habits.

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are used for various industrial and domestic purposes and its release into the environment leads to the adverse effects among humans. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rat exposure to ZnO nanoparticles on the histopathology of the liver and pancreas tissues, and serum oxidative stress parameters. 

Eighty female adult Wistar rats were divided into eight experimental, control and sham groups. They received ZnO nanoparticles at 4, 8, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, or normal saline intraperitoneally for 30 days twice a week. Then, the blood samples of the rats were collected by heart puncture for biochemical analyses, and then sacrificed. Finally, the liver and pancreas tissues were harvested for histopathological examinations. 

Significant amounts of nanoparticles were accumulated in the liver and pancreas of the rats, causing tissue and cellular damages. The ZnO nanoparticles reduced the levels of serum triglyceride, glucose, cholesterol, albumin, and increased the bilirubin and liver enzymes, such as ALT, AST, ALP, amylase and lipase at high doses. In addition, the evidence of histopathological lesions, hyperemia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and necrosis were noted in the liver and pancreas tissue slides upon microscopic examinations. Finally, the body and liver weights decreased in the rat groups receiving ZnO nanoparticle dose dependently. 

ZnO nanoparticles had toxic effects on the liver and pancreas, leading to destructive tissue and cellular changes in the rats.

Dermatofibroma is a common skin benign cutaneous tumor with many variants based on alterations in the morphology and composition of its diverse elements. The cause of dermatofibroma is unknown, it was his- torically attributed to being a reactive response to some traumatic lesion to the skin which is associated with itching and pain. This tumor usually appears on the limbs, especially the end extremities, in young adults. In the present study, a middle-aged Persian leopard was accidentally killed because of a car incident in the Golestan National Park, Iran. Following necropsy, skin mass on the right toe was observed and after sam- pling was transferred to the laboratory. After routine histopathological and immunohistochemical processes, Dermatofibroma was diagnosed microscopically with non-capsulated, circumscribed, hypocellular dermal nodule in a spiral pattern. According to the results of this study immunohistochemical staining revealed positivity for CD34. There is limited information about the Dermatofibroma in leopards. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Dermatofibroma in the Persian leopard.

Recent studies have revealed that fatty acid profile can be associated with psychological disorders. However, evidence on stress and anxiety is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between stress and anxiety, defined as mood states, and erythrocyte fatty acid (FA) profile.

This case-control study was conducted on 45 female students with degrees of stress and anxiety without depression disorder and 45 matched controls with no depression, stress, or anxiety. Self-administered questionnaires included a 28-item Food Frequency questionnaire and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), which were used to measure dietary patterns and psychological disorders, respectively. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids were analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was significantly lower in the case group (p = 0.008). Hydrogenated fats were associated with degrees of stress and anxiety (OR = 1.53, p = 0.019), while linoleate and DHA were inversely associated with stress and anxiety scores (OR = 0.37, p = 0.05; OR = 0.31, p = 0.014, respectively). Monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) and total RBC trans FA were associated with increased risk of stress and anxiety (OR = 1.81, p < 0.001; OR = 3.38, p = 0.003, respectively).

Trans-fatty acids may be related to stress and anxiety scales but linoleate and DHA could decrease the risk. The effect of MUFAs may be regarded as a result of compensatory biological mechanisms.

Infertility is a major worldwide problem which is affected by several factors such as environmental, physiological, and genetic conditions. Several studies have shown that oxidative stress or reduction of antioxidant defense can contribute to pathogenesis and depression symptoms. Lycopene is one of the most important antioxidants that can contribute to reducing or preventing the psychological damage that affects infertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lycopene supplementation on depression, anxiety and stress scales and quality of life in infertile men.

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial study 44 infertile men with oligozoospermia were randomly divided into two groups, the experimental group was supplemented with 25 mg lycopene once a day and the control group received placebo for 12 weeks. Anthropometric, physical activity, dietary assessment, mood status including depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life scores were measured pre- and post-intervention.

There were no significant differences between depression scores, anxiety and stress between the two groups while depression score significantly decreased in both groups compared to the baseline levels. No significant differences were observed on four domains of quality of life, except psychological domain was improved in the lycopene group compared to baseline (P<0.05).

Short term supplementation of lycopene has no effect on mood status and quality of life except psychological status in infertile men. This field warrants futher studies.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of long‑term exposure to VOCs on employees’ clinical parameters in one of the main petroleum centers in Iran.

In this case‑control study, 80 operational and administrative employees with 8–15 years of work experience were considered as the case and control groups. Liver function was evaluated by measuring serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and lipid profile was measured. Gas chromatography‑mass spectrometry (GC‑MS) was used to analyze the VOCs levels at the workplace.

There were increased levels of serum ALT (P = 0.003), triglycerides (P = 0.015), total cholesterol (P = 0.003), and LDL‑C (P = 0.010) among the operational staffs compared to the administrative staffs. Assessment of the relationship between worksite pollutants and ALT levels revealed that there were significant positive relationship between benzene (r = 0.45, P = 0.004) and styrene (r = 0.37, P = 0.034) with increased ALT concentrations.

VOC exposure could be contributed to reduced liver function and impaired lipid profile. Therefore, proper preventive strategies seem to be necessary for reducing hazardous exposure.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common health problems worldwide. Studies have shown that saffron and its derivatives may have therapeutic potentials in T2DM through reducing plasma glucose. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of saffron extract on serum anti-inflammatory and antioxidant variables in T2DM patients. This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted on 64 T2DM patients. Participants received either 15 mg of saffron or placebo capsules (two pills per day) for 3 months Anthropometric indices, homocysteine, serum anti-inflammatory and antioxidant variables and dietary intake were assessed pre- and post-intervention. After 3 months of treatment, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) increased significantly in both group (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA),highsensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin 10(IL-10) after the treatment period (p>0.05). Homocysteine decteased significantly in control group (p<0.05). Our results showed no improvement in homocystein levels, antioxidant status and inflammatory biomarkers in T2DM patients after treatment with saffron.

During the past decades, Tehran has suffered from subsidence crisis. Prolonged droughts and excessive exploitation of groundwater for agricultural and industrial purposes have reduced the level of aquifers and reduced the density of the subsurface soil layers. This study focuses on monitoring the displacement of the ground in west of Tehran which is affected by subsidence of Shahriyar and Tehran plains. A time series of 30 Sentinel-1 images were processed by radar interferometry technic based on the persistent scatterers in two years. Average annual displacement map was prepared for the region of study. The result of study indicates 15 centimeters of displacement in southern part of the study area where it ends to Shahriyar and Tehran plains. However, displacement is not limited to plain and non-urban areas. It has also scattered through industrial and urban areas. In industrial and residential areas, cumulative displacement of 9 to 13 centimeter was recorded in two years especially in Fath Highway which experiences more than 4 centimeters of displacement each year. Relative evaluation of results was made based on the data gathered from underpass 35. Considering the small difference in the estimates obtained from orbits 28 and 35, these areas had little Horizontal displacement. Displacement vector was high in vertical movement. Vertical displacement was computed for ascending and descending orbits in the second study region and verified by data from a GPS station.

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the size of plate, spoon, and fork on food and energy intake during a meal in obese or overweight staff. This was a crossover randomized controlled trial that was conducted on 40 obese or overweight clerical staff of the university. The staff was invited to have lunch randomly, receiving either a large or a small set of plate, spoon, and fork. Washout period was 3 weeks, and the participants were then invited to have lunch in a second intervention period and received opposite sizes of dishes compared to the frst period sizes. The meal was composed of roasted chicken (kebab), cooked rice, vegetable salad, dairy drink, and soda. Changes in food intake between large and small utensils (plate, spoon, and fork) were analyzed with paired t‑test. Rice intake using small or large eating utensils was different (P = 0.02). But total energy intake was not different. The Pearson correlation test demonstrated a positive and signifcant correlation between rice consumption and waist‑to‑hip ratio (P = 0.02). Soda (P = 0.02), carbohydrate (P = 0.01), and total energy intake (P = 0.03) were negatively correlated with the age of the participant. It seems that only the amount of grain products consumption changes with changing in dishware size with no signifcant effect on total energy intake. It is recommended that the independent effect of visual cues on food intake for foods with different textures be investigated in future studies

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of natural antioxidant formula (blend of herbs: ginger root, cinnamon bark and raw almond fruit powder, rosemary leaf powder, and honey) on oxidative status, antioxidant enzyme activity, and relative heat shock protein (HSP‑70) expression in recreational female athletes. Eighteen female participants trained for 4 weeks and randomly received either antioxidant formula (FormEX) (n = 8) or placebo (PlcEX) (n = 10) in a randomized controlled trial. Blood samples were obtained 1‑h before, 1 h and 24 h postexercise to measure malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidases (GPx), and HSP70 mRNA expression. Data analysis was performed using 2 (treatment = grouping factor) ×6 (time = within‑factor) repeated measurements analysis of variance or generalized estimating equations (GEE) test. We used the independent t‑test to evaluate any significant differences for real‑time polymerase chain reaction data. Antioxidant formula increased the relative HSP‑70 mRNA expression more than Plc‑EX group in all time points (P = 0.001). The time main effect was significant with regard to TAC and SOD concentrations (P = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). However, there were no statistically significant differences between groups for TAC, SOD, and MDA (P = 0.25, 0.06, and 0.38, respectively). Neither the time main effect for MDA nor time and intervention interaction was not statistically significant for MDA, TAC, and SOD (P = 0.19, 0.13, and 0.10, respectively). GEE results for GPx showed that there were no significant differences between the groups (P = 0.11). The results presented herein revealed that natural antioxidant rich formula had variable effects on oxidative status. However, in contrast to many antioxidant supplements, this formulation increases the HSP‑70 mRNA expression which might improve the antioxidant ability of cells in the long‑term period and exercise‑induced adaptation.

Zinc performs many biochemical and physiological functions; however, toxicological studies demonstrate that Nano-zinc oxide has harmful effects on human health and environmental species in high concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles on reproductive tissues of female rat. Eighty female Wistar adult rats weighing 180–200 gr, divided into eight groups (n= 10 in each group) including control, sham (treated with saline), and six groups injected with different doses of zinc oxide nanoparticle with 10–30 nanometer size (4, 8, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) twice a week for four weeks. At the end of the study, the rats were bled and slaughtered; the Ovary and Uterus were taken for histopathology studies and blood samples were transferred to the laboratory for biochemical analysis. Microscopic diagnoses in ovary tissue were included; increase in the corpus luteum, follicular cysts, inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis. Histopathological  changes in ovary in a dose-dependent manner. In uterus tissue the lesions consisted; epithelial destruction, hyperplasia of endometrial glands. The Estrogen and Progesterone level in the serum of rats increased in low doses and reduced in a dosedependent manner at high doses. The results of the current study proved the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the ovary and uterus organs at high concentrations, so further investigation is needed to reduce these effects.

Vitamin D plays an important role in nervous health and depression. Vitamin D defciency and anxiety affect diabetic status. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on anxiety, depression, and inflammation in diabetic women with anxiety.  In this randomized controlled trial, totally 51  women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and vitamin D defciency were randomly allocated to receive one oral pearl of 50,000 IU vitamin D3 (26 women) or a placebo (25 women) fortnightly for 16 weeks. Anthropometric indices, sun exposure, dietary intake, depression, anxiety, and stress scores and biochemical biomarkers including high sensitivity C‑reactive protein (hs‑CRP) and interleukin‑10 (IL‑10) were measured at the baseline and after 16‑week supplementation. Mean ± SD age of participant was 47.43 ± 9.57 years old. Baseline values were  not different between the groups. Anxiety score changes were signifcantly lower in vitamin D group than the controls (P = 0.001). Within group comparison indicated that depression in supplement group with lower vitamin D levels was signifcantly reduced. Serum hs‑CRP reduced (P = 0.01), while IL‑10 concentrations increased (P = 0.04) in the intervention group. Vitamin D supplementation can improve mood status and anti‑inflammatory biomarkers in female diabetics with anxiety and vitamin D defciency.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles that are used for industrial and domestic purposes can cause a widespread environmental contamination. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on renal tissue in terms of bioaccumulation of nanoparticles, histopathology, serum biochemical index, and oxidative damage.

This experimental study was conducted on 80 male Wistar rats that were divided into eight groups, including one control group, one sham group (receiving saline), and six groups administered zinc oxide nanoparticles at doses of 4, 8, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 28 days twice a week. The measurement of blood urine nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, and creatinine was accomplished using an autoanalyzer. Furthermore, histopathological examinations were performed after tissue processing. The digestion of the renal tissue by nitric-perchloric acid provided suitable solutions for the determination of zinc oxide nanoparticles by atomic absorption spectrometry.

Findings: According to the results, the histopathological lesions in the renal tissue at the dose of 200 mg/kg included glomerular proliferation and fibrosis. The groups treated with zinc oxide nanoparticles showed a higher increase in the serum levels of BUN and creatinine, compared with the control group, which indicated renal toxicity. Furthermore, a significantly higher level of zinc oxide nanoparticles was observed in the renal tissue of the groups receiving higher doses than those of the other groups (P<0.05).

Discussion & The findings of the current study revealed that zinc oxide nanoparticles exerted a destructive effect on the kidney. Moreover, it was found that these nanoparticles had a toxic effect on the renal tissue at a high concentration

Given the variations in clinical presentation and physiopathological mechanisms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subtypes, it is an acknowledged fact that the response to treatments can be disparate. To assess the effect of vitamin D on inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-10, TNF-α), and biomarkers of oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) among IBS patients. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 6-month intervention study was carried out on 90 IBS patients (85 were analyzed), as defined by the Rome III criteria. Study participants were randomly assigned to receive either 50,000 IU vitamin D3 or a placebo fortnightly. Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the IL-17 and MDA serum levels (P<0.05) and observably increased the TAC and IL-10 serum levels (P<0.05), compared with the placebo group. Comparing different bowel habit subtypes, we observed that it was only in diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS-D) that vitamin D supplementation was able to significantly reduce the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-17 (P<0.05). However, in all subtypes, IL-10 and TAC increased, while MDA decreased (P<0.05) in vitamin D group, compared to the placebo group. Vitamin D3 supplementation reduces the serum IL-17 and MDA levels, and augments the serum IL-10 and TAC levels in IBS patients, particularly in IBS-D subtype. Thus, the present study demonstrates the beneficial effects of vitamin D on patients with IBS-D