reza najjari

Green transformational leadership is a type of organizational leadership that can effectively foster innovative and environmentally friendly ideas among employees. The primary objective of this research is to examine the impact of green transformational leadership on employees' green creativity, with a focus on the mediating roles of green intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in 21st-century organizations. This study is classified as applied research and utilizes a descriptive-survey methodology. A standard questionnaire was employed, drawing on established research: green creativity from Chen and Chang (2013), green transformational leadership from Zhang (2020), and green intrinsic motivation from Deci (2015) and Amabile et al. (1994). The statistical population consists of managers and employees from the Sports and Youth Department of Alborz Province. Given the limited size of the population, the sample size was calculated using Cohen's formula, resulting in 51 returned questionnaires. Data collected through the questionnaire were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS 17.0 and SPSS 26 software. The findings indicate that green transformational leadership has a direct and significant impact on employees' green creativity. Additionally, both green intrinsic and extrinsic motivation serve as mediating variables that strengthen the relationship between green transformational leadership and employees' green creativity. The results highlight that the green transformational leadership style and its associated variables are crucial factors influencing employees' green creativity. Green transformational leaders can enhance this creativity by fostering both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation among their employees, thereby contributing positively to organizational development and excellence.

In the current changing and changing conditions, it is inevitable to adopt innovation and digital transformation in the field of public services. For this reason, in this research, the critical success factors of innovation and digital transformation in the public services of government organizations were identified and explained.

In terms of its purpose, the current research is an applied research with a mixed approach, and in the first stage, the qualitative method of the focus group and in the second stage, the quantitative survey method were used. The data collection tools included semi-structured interviews in the first stage and questionnaires in the second stage. In the first step, by using the purposeful sampling method and conducting expert interviews, dimensions, components and related indicators were extracted, and in the next step, by using stratified sampling, the opinions of 25 people regarding the dimensions and components of the first step were used. The validity and reliability of the research tool was confirmed through discriminant validity (Fornell and Larcker) and composite reliability.

The final propositions of the research were classified into three "key, unifying and macro" categories using the King and Harrocks coding method and the inductive approach. According to the research findings, out of 157 initial statements, 84 key categories; 29 integrative categories and 5 overarching categories were extracted and in the second phase, all the integrative and overarching categories were confirmed from the perspective of experts.

According to the results of the present research, innovation and digital transformation in public services in public organizations leads to better progress of the affairs and mutual relations of organizations with different stakeholders, which can ultimately create the potential of transformation, optimal management, excellence and improvement in public services.

This study was conducted with the goal of developing and describing a career path model based on fairness at Dana Insurance. The success of career path programs should be coordinated with the organization's human resources programs to aid the needs for employee progression in a working period in such a manner that the organization's human resources approach its objectives. Because the process of personal planning of working life contains non-native components, an indigenous model was attempted to be constructed in this exploratory study to arrange the career route.

The study was conducted qualitatively, and 44 components were found via interviews with 28 academic experts working in Dana Insurance, from the sampling approach through the theoretical saturation stage, and then through two fuzzy Delphi phases. They were classified into eight major categories based on their weight and score.

According to the findings, the eight components, which include challenging work, latitude, balancing work and personal life, job security and stability, creativity and innovation, task competence, managerial competence, and service to others, are directly related to the career path model based on Fairness and have an impact on Dana insurance company.

With the revelation of the determining role of calling at work as an internal and non-organizational factor (response to an internal call) in understanding the attitudes and behaviors related to work, the attention of researchers has increased to this concept. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of suitability of employed and job on calling at work in welfare organization in Zahedan. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of research method is among the descriptive-survey research, in which the required data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed through content validity and reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of this study was all employees of welfare in Zahedan that based on Cochran's formula and using simple random sampling, 130 people were selected as the sample members and the questionnaire was distributed among them. Also, Smart PLS 4 software was used to analyze the research data. Finally, the findings showed that suitability of employed and job has a positive and significant effect on calling at work (Non-organizational mission).

The main purpose of this research is to model the structural equations to investigate the relationship between scientific governance and the modification of the consumption pattern of energy carriers in the households of Yasouj city. The research method is applied and in terms of implementation time and implementation logic, crosssectional and inductive respectively. And in terms of nature, it is descriptive-correlative. The statistical population includes the households of Yasouj city, which was equal to 15,000 people. 375 people were selected by simple random method using Morgan's table as a statistical sample and for data collection, researcher-made scientific governance questionnaires with reliability of 0.79 and consumption pattern modification questionnaire with reliability of 0.72 were used. Data analysis was done using spss26 and smart pls software. The results of the research show that there is a positive and significant relationship between scientific governance in all three dimensions of knowledge, attitude and performance with the modification of the consumption pattern of energy carriers.

The main goal of this research is to model the structural equations of the relationship of hybrid governance with value creation mechanisms in Azadegan Plain education. In this research, the research method is applied and in terms of implementation time and implementation logic, cross-sectional and inductive respectively. And in terms of nature, it is descriptive-correlative. In the current research, the statistical population includes all the employees working in the education department of Azadegan Plain, which is equal to 10,000 people. By simple random method, 373 people were selected using Morgan's table as a statistical sample, and for data collection, a researcher-made hybrid governance questionnaire with a reliability of 0.87 and a researcher-made questionnaire for value creation with a reliability of 0.79 were used. Data analysis was done using spss26 and smart pls software. The results of the research show that there is a positive and significant relationship between hybrid governance with compromise in values, mixing values and legitimizing values.

Organizations, as a living organisms, take materials and energy needed for survival from the surrounding environment and provide services or products to the environment, so if the organization is sick, it makes sick the members and the society. It is unthinkable to have a healthy society without a healthy organization. The health pulse of society depends on the health of organizations. Organizational health will create a pleasant environment for work and effort, raising the spirit of creativity and achieving organizational goals. One of the necessary measures to have a healthy organization is undoubtedly to institutionalize good administrative governance in organizations. Good administrative governance facilitates and lays the groundwork for the realization of goals and development plans of organizations and has basic dimensions that distinguish it from other paradigms. In this article, an attempt has been made to answer the question of what are the main elements of administrative governance and what relationship is there between organizational health and administrative governance according to various studies have been conducted in the field. Therefore, in this study, using a systematic method, the components of administrative governance were extracted from various researches that have been conducted in this field and a model was presented. These components include justice, transparency, accountability, rule of law, quality of law, participation and technology that affect organizational health.

This research tries to provide new information about the types of governance, i.e. cultural governance, which has few records in the country. The research has been compiled by using the library method and studying Latin books and articles. Cultural governance is the governance of culture. This includes cultural policy made by governments, but also extends to cultural influence exerted by non-state actors and policies that indirectly affect culture. The tendency to discuss cultural governance rather than politics is consistent with a broader shift from government to governance, with an emphasis on shifting government policymakers to the influence of civil society organizations and the private sector. A broad interpretation of "government" can also include government policies outside the scope of cultural policy that nonetheless affect culture. In order to understand the governance of a cultural object, it must not only be considered in isolation, but also in light of the overlaps and often conflicting interactions between the different spheres of government that have an interest in the "cultural object". be taken Such considerations lead to the concept of cultural governance in a broad sense

The main goal of this research is to model the structural equations of the relationship of hybrid governance with value creation mechanisms in Azadegan Plain education. In this research, the research method is applied and in terms of implementation time and implementation logic, cross-sectional and inductive respectively. And in terms of nature, it is descriptive-correlative. In the current research, the statistical population includes all the employees working in the education department of Azadegan Plain, which is equal to 10,000 people. By simple random method, 373 people were selected using Morgan's table as a statistical sample, and for data collection, a researcher-made hybrid governance questionnaire with a reliability of 0.87 and a researcher-made questionnaire for value creation with a reliability of 0.79 were used. In order to measure the reliability of the reflective measurement model, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability tests were used, and to measure the validity of the model, convergent validity using average variance extracted (AVE) and divergent validity using Fornell and Larcker tests were used. Data analysis was done using spss26 and smart pls software. The results of the research show that there is a positive and significant relationship between mixed governance and compromise in values, there is a positive and significant relationship between mixed governance and mixing values, and there is a positive and significant relationship between mixed governance and legitimizing values.

While there are currently many discussions about the impact of Covid-19 and its consequences on work practices and human resource management (HRM), no research has been conducted to explore the effective and efficient management of human resources and big theoretical gaps exist. By knowing the main categories of effective and efficient management of human resources in responsible and decision-making organizations, strategies can be adopted while avoiding its disadvantages. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to identify and prioritize the factors influencing the effective and efficient management of human resources in the Corona Pandemic.

This research in the point of the purpose is applied, and has used mixed method. In this research, thematic analysis and survey methods were used respectively. In the qualitative part, the participants includes the influential actors of Administrative and Recruitment Affairs Organization in the field of human resources. 13 experts were selected and interviewed using the purposeful sampling method, which is one of the qualitative sampling methods. In the quantitative part, the probability sampling method was used in a systematic way. Finally, 31 people answered the questionnaires. Structural equation modeling method and Smart PLS4 software were used for data analysis.

After examining the interviews, 80 codes were identified, from which 80 primary codes, 15 basic themes, 7 organizing themes, and 3 global themes were extracted. In the quantitative part, all the themes have obtained values higher than the acceptable limit, and the appropriateness of the themes (indices) of the model indicates the appropriateness of the measurement model.

In uncertain conditions caused by Covid-19, for the effective and efficient management of human resources in the organization, it is necessary to focus on the three principles: “intelligence and flexibility of organizational processes”, environmental and psychological empowerment of the organization and preparation of the necessary infrastructure”, and “management, improvement, promotion, ability and capabilities of human resources.”

The objective of the present study is to analyze and elucidate the concept of sustainable social capital within the framework of the conceptual relationship between societal security, social support, and public participation in society. The research adopts a mixed approach, combining applied purpose and research methods. The mixed methodology follows an exploratory sequential design, encompassing two qualitative-quantitative phases. Grounded theory is employed as the qualitative method in the first phase, while the second phase utilizes a quantitative survey method. The research participants consist of academic and executive experts in the field. Interviews were conducted to gather qualitative data, and a questionnaire was utilized to collect quantitative data, with 14 experts responding to the survey questions. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and PLS4 software packages. The research findings were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's systematic approach, resulting in 211 open codes, 72 axial codes, and 23 selected codes, which were categorized into six distinct categories. The study's results highlight the crucial role of the conceptual relationship between societal security, social support, and public participation in fostering sustainable social capital. This connection facilitates increased coordination, trust among citizens, improved access, enhanced social interaction, societal cohesion, collaborative problem-solving, and the development of relationships based on trust and respect, along with the creation of shared values and perspectives.

The existence of mineral potentials and diverse and unique geological base is one of God's gifts that plays a significant role in the development of infrastructure, construction, urban development and mining and mineral industries of Iran, therefore, the examination and analysis of the governance cycle In this field, it is necessary and undeniable. According to Article (8) of the Civil Service Management Law, "Government Matters" has given rise to the authority and sovereignty of the country and its interests include all sections of the society without limitation, and it is clear that exploration and geological activities are not exempted from this. In this research, using Grounde Theory analysis method, we seek to explain the basic challenges that have disturbed the governance cycle of mining and geosciences, and further by explaining the suggested solutions and strategies, we tried to explain the necessity of revolution in this sector. For this purpose, while conducting in-depth interviews with seven experts of the Geological Survey of Iran and coding and classifying the text of the interviews, 18 concepts, 6 sub-categories and finally two main challenges "human resources" and "mineral resources" were extracted. In the following, by analyzing two key strategies "Collaborative Governance " and "Revision in the policy of the human resources of governance jobs" and predicting the resulting consequences, the proposed model was presented. The results indicate that the effective cooperation and interaction of the institutions in charge of exploration of mineral and geological reserves in both the public and private sectors, increase the productivity of this process and, as a result, economic growth, increase the share of mining in the gross national product and the sustainability of civil, urban and arterial infrastructures of the country will occurred.

Implementing a grooming system can manage time, quality and capital by creating a regular, disciplined and clean work environment. Organizations have to consider and implement various factors in order to adopt a beautiful face. Given that organizational neatness has many benefits, public and private organizations have tried to use it, but insufficient attention to the philosophy of neatness and its compliance with organizational elements has caused neatness not to flow as it should in organizations and despite spend money and time, they did not succeed in this field. Most of the researches have introduced and explained Five S as a technique and tool and various organizations including the statistical community mentioned in this research have tried to implement it and benefit from it. However, implementing neatness in the organization requires identifying the components affecting this process and recognizing the relationships between them, and mere attention to the Five S technique cannot make organizations successful in achieving their goals in this area.

In this research, we tried to close this research gap and introduce the components of the process implementation model of the organization with emphasis on the pillars of the organization and create a logical relationship between them to introduce this model of the organization as an emerging figure. A review of research shows that organizational tidiness is imitated only in the form of the Five S technique and organizations seek to implement and use the results without considering the organizational components that affect it. In this research, the researcher seeks to examine all aspects of the organization and design and explain a new model of the organization called the process model for the implementation of a well-organized organization.The research method is a sequential exploratory mix (qualitative and quantitative). The components of this model of the organization were identified using qualitative tools including library studies, interviews and observations and were Classified by structural-interpretive modeling method and The research model was drawn. In the quantitative part, using the partial least squares technique and PLS software, the measurement model with convergent validity, composite reliability and discriminant validity and the structural model with coefficient of determination, Stone-Geisser and goodness of fit were examined. Based on the calculated values, the value (AVE) of all variables is greater than 0.5, so there is convergent validity. The value (CR) is also greater than (AVE) and in all cases is greater than the threshold of 0.7. Cronbach's alpha of all variables is greater than 0.7, so reliability is confirmed. Also, the square root (AVE) of each structure is greater than its correlation with other structures of the model, which indicates the acceptable discriminate validity for the model in the measurement section. The coefficient of determination of the endogenous structures obtained for the research model is reported to be positive and often above 19%, so the fit of the model is desirable. The Stone-Geisser criterion index determines the predictive power of the model. This index is a criterion for evaluating cross-validity in the partial least squares model. The blindfolding technique is used to calculate the value of Stone-Geisser criterion in Smart PLS software. Using this technique, two validity indices are obtained: redundancy cross validity and shared cross validity. For redundancy and common crossover validity, positive numbers indicate the appropriate quality of the model. These values ​​are obtained for all positive research constructs. Also, the values ​​of the variables are generally obtained in the range of 0.15 to 0.35 or greater than 0.35. Therefore, the predictive power of research structures is moderately to strongly estimate. Finally, the GOF index is 0.308, so the model has a good fit.

The results of this study show that organizations can through reinforcement the organizational infrastructure, support top management, improving the organizational structure, environmental management system, proper segregation and arrangement in the environment, the use of information and communication technology, standardization and cleanliness of the environment, organizational change management, continuous employee participation, human resource empowerment, and implementation of 5S system, implement the well-organized organization model and improve employee and organizational performance and provide customer satisfaction.

It suggested that in order to achieve tangible and sustainable results in the implementation of organizational tidiness, the necessary changes should be made in the organization. These changes in the  structural dimension include hierarchical control, communication of procedures, creation of working teams, delegation of authority, and explicit management support; In the goals dimension, including neatness and its components in the strategic priorities of the organization and having a neatness statement; In the staff dimension, including continuous participation, increasing the understanding of beauty, accountability and loyalty, consistency and responsibility, continuous training at all levels and the establishment of a culture of beauty; In the technology dimension, it includes continuous evaluations, application of information and communication technology and equipment defect management, and finally in the environment dimension, it includes standardization and establishment of environmental cleanliness, definition of safety standards, observance of environmental standards and customer satisfaction.

This article tried to critically review the methodology of Islamic management articles and introduce and explain a new method in Islamic management research entitled "exploratory text analysis." For this purpose, after a comprehensive and analytical review of prevailing research methods in Islamic management research and identifying the gap in the methodology of this field, the new method of "exploratory text analysis" has been introduced in an eight-step process, initially. Next, its features and differences compared to other methods had explained. Then, a sample of work done with this method, titled "exploration of Imam Ali's leadership model from Malik Ashtar's treaty" and its stages were described. The results of this research showed that the introduced method has a suitable capacity to discover and extract the conceptual pattern hidden in Islamic texts. It provides the possibility to receive the main message and the intention of the author of the text independently and comprehensively and without prejudice.

In today's competitive world, moving on the path of organizational excellence and getting to know the world's models in the field of excellence is an inevitable necessity and one of the prerequisites for sustainable success; Therefore, more attention should be paid to the study and use of organizational excellence models. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to present a model of organizational excellence with the Mixed method based on the Qur'an, which has been investigated using a Mixed method with a sequential exploratory approach. In this research, two methods " Grounded Theory and Fuzzy Delphi" have been used, respectively. The tools used in the first part are semi-structured interviews and the unit of analysis in this part are codes or statements. 16 experts were used to extract the codes. The main tool used in the second part is the questionnaire. According to the findings of the research, in the first part - the foundation grounded theory method - 58 components were extracted and categorized into six categories. In the second part; By conducting 4 stages of survey among the extracted components, 22 Islamic components affecting organizational excellence were selected by the expert group. According to the results and analyzes carried out, it can be concluded that in a transcendental organization with an Islamic approach, people must have faith and belief in the principles of religion and Islamic values and fulfill their roles and duties before God. In this type of organization, which has an Islamic approach, it is necessary to pay attention to organizational stakeholders such as managers, employees, shareholders, customers, suppliers, competitors, government, financial institutions, unions, media, society, etc., and be loyal in communication with them. Justice and fairness, non-corruption and oppression, kindness, trustworthiness, non-treason, etc. should be at the forefront of affairs so that an atmosphere based on trust emerges and the ground for organizational excellence is provided.

Environmental protection is one of the most important human concerns, for which several actions have been taken. Organizations are no exception to this rule and have taken one of the most basic and important actions in the form of green organizational behavior of employees. Green organizational behavior of employees owes to various factors that organizational support is one of the most important. Paying attention to such issues creates a new and constructive approach in organizations, which is considered as green organizational support. The main purpose of this study is to identify and explain the elements of green organizational support as a new approach to reinforcement and enhancing the green organizational behavior of employees that using a mixed method. The approach used in this method is a concurrent triangulation strategy that taken in two qualitative-qualitative phases. In these phases, two qualitative methods of "Expert Panel-Grounded Theory" have been used, respectively. The main tool used in both quality phases is interviews, which uses 6 experts in the first quality phase, 11 people as academic and executive experts in the second phase, respectively. According to the research findings, in the panel of experts 6 thematic axes were extracted and in the second qualitative phase, 19 components were classified into six main categories of grounded theory. The results of the study indicate that green organizational support can positively affect employees attitudes to green behaviors, and in addition, the organization, managers or colleagues can adopt approaches to support employees who perform their duties be effective and provide an opportunity to create a supportive organizational environment for employees.

The issue of improving governance in countries led to the plan of good governance. In criticizing it, healthy governance is presented. Healthy governance emphasizes the free and diverse understanding of governance methods and criteria in different countries and believes that governance should be defined and organized according to the customs, traditions and local culture of each country. The purpose of the current research is to analyze and explain the components of Islamic sound governance in the light of the pure values ​​of the Islamic Revolution from the point of view of the leader of the revolution. This research is hybrid in terms of its fundamental purpose and research method. Its combined approach is an exploratory sequence that has been carried out in two qualitative and quantitative phases. In this project, the qualitative method of narrative analysis and then the modified Delphi quantitative method have been used. In the first phase, using the approach of written contextualization, key indicators and propositions related to the pure values ​​of the Islamic Revolution were extracted, and then by coding in the next step; Key components were identified. Finally, by reviewing the relevant texts, 112 semantic units were identified, and after re-refining the codes, 45 conceptual codes were counted. In the next step, by examining the conceptual codes, 9 categories and 5 main themes were extracted. In the second phase of the research, using the modified Delphi method, in which 16 experts participated in three Delphi rounds, these components were examined along with their constituent classes. From the results of this research, it can be pointed out that based on the pure values ​​of the Islamic revolution, it is possible to implement a sound Islamic governance with a government system that is based on religious democracy and present a new style of government and governance within the framework of divine and Islamic laws. To be effective and efficient in line with the growth and excellence of the country.

Nowadays, due to the growing process of global warming, increase of greenhouse gases and reduction of natural resources, environmental crises are more than ever before, therefore one of the topics that has attracted a lot of attention in educational systems is to present new attitudes of conservation. Environment is in education, which is considered one of the important tasks of the educational system and is applied in educational books. Considering the importance of the environment, the purpose of this research is to analyze the content of fourth grade textbooks based on the level of attention paid to green management components. The research method is descriptive and qualitative and quantitative content analysis, which analyzed the data using Shannon's entropy technique. The statistical population of the research includes social studies, Farsi and experimental science books of the fourth grade of elementary school, which due to the nature of the subject, sampling was not done and all the statistical population was examined. and the research tool in this research is a checklist and based on the report of the technical and research office of the "Green Management Steering Center", the indicators of green management in several main areas including energy management, water and wastewater management, benefit from renewable energy, waste management, pollution control Sound, transportation and the spread of culture and strengthening of social responsibilities in the field of environment, the selected books were studied according to these components. The obtained results showed that the highest coefficient of indicators related to green management for the fourth grade social studies course was for the index of energy management and use of renewable energy, respectively. For the Persian course, water and sewage management had an importance coefficient of 0.26, and for the experimental science course, water and sewage management, use of renewable energy, noise pollution control and transportation, energy management and promotion of culture and environment had an importance coefficient of was 0.17.

This research aims to achieve the leadership model of Imam Ali (AS) in the treaty of Malik Ashtar (RA). It seeks to answer the following question: What is the leadership model of Imam Ali (AS) according to the context of the treaty? To this end, the authors used exploratory textual analysis. For this purpose, first, the entire text of the treaty was divided into 79 verses according to each section's content and thematic relevance. After that, the conceptual diagram was extracted and drawn through the precise analysis of each phrase. Each diagram indicated the relationship between different concepts and speeches of that phrase. Then by reviewing the entire text several times along with the diagrams of the phrases, the final pattern of the text was extracted, which indicated the leadership model of Imam Ali (AS) in the treaty. Findings of this research show the leadership model of Imam Ali (AS) in the treaty is a comprehensive model according to which the leader's duty starts by obeying God and then leading himself. These two are the starting point when the leader begins to guide others. In this model, the leadership of people and subordinates is done through direct supervision and indirect leadership (through brokers). Also, according to the treaty, the emphasis of Imam Ali (AS) was on explaining the relationship between leader and people; this issue was of particular importance.

In different societies, different models of organizational excellence have been presented to achieve excellence in organizations based on the type of worldview of designers. The Holy Quran is the book of the management of the universe and the guidance of man by the Creator of the universe and is the richest source for drawing the model of organizational excellence. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to design a model of excellence in the organization of education based on Islamic teachings. This research is fundamental and for the greater coherence of the findings, the research data have been extracted from the elements of the transcendence of the Qur'an and Nahj al-Balaghah and analyzed by the method of grand theory. The components and factors of relationship with God, relationship with others, and relationship with self were identified in the organizational excellence model of the educational organization and the proposed model was designed. Faith, hereafter, justice, benevolence, thinking, moderation, patience, and perseverance are among the most basic values that are effective in forming the criteria and operational components of the model of organizational excellence with an Islamic approach. The factor analysis method was used to validate the model. All themes with a high factor load were approved, which showed the high validity of the model.

With the advent of Internet businesses, many doors were opened for employment and economic empowerment, and consequently, many stores and retail brands began to offer online sales services. Creating brand love in Internet customers and consumers can lead to maintaining and loyalty to the brand, and therefore the advancement of technology, facilities such as simulation of use and virtual product pro using augmented reality technology available to online retail brands, to attract customers and retain Consumers put. The present study aims to study the field of online retail and the category of creating brand love through new reality technology. Data were collected by a questionnaire from a sample of 216 consumers and online shoppers in the city of Arak in 1399. The hypotheses of the present study were analyzed using structural equations and all hypotheses were confirmed. Findings show that psychological mechanisms have a positive effect on brand love and virtual identity through self-referral.

The aim of this study was to identify and rank human resource risk factors in government organizations based on the Ernst & Young model. The aim of this study is to identify the risk components and rank them and at the end to provide solutions to deal with the identified risks.

In this study, human resource risk components are divided into four groups based on the Ernst & Young Institute; Strategic-operational-financial and adherence to segregation and using Delphi technique and points of view of thirty-three risk factors were extracted and then using structured questionnaires in one of the government organizations, risk components and severity and probability of occurrence of each component Was evaluated. After confirmatory factor analysis, pairwise comparisons of components and extraction of component weights were performed and finally the level of risk-taking of the studied organization in relation to each of the components was determined.

The study of human resource risk components in the standard estimation mode shows that the correlation coefficient of strategic risk and human resource risk is 0.819, the correlation coefficient of operational risk and human resource risk is 0.965, the correlation coefficient of compliance risk and human resource risk is 0.825 and the coefficient The correlation between financial risk and human resource risk is 0.888.

Also, the results of ranking the components of human resource risk show that strategic risk is relatively more important than the other components under study. The components of human resource risk in the organization under consideration are in order of importance: strategic risk - operational risk - financial risk - compliance risk

This research aims to provide a comparative study on the structure and functioning of Payame Noor University with open universities abroad and to know about similarities and differentiate them in order to design the optimal structure in the future. The research method of this study is a comparative study method that has been studied by the Payam Noor University and five open universities in the world (England, Canada, Malaysia, China and Indonesia) based on components and indicators of structure and operation. All universities studied use open and distance education. The Open University of China, due to its high population, has the largest number of students, and equally has the largest number of staff and faculty. In this comparison, the UK University ranked 313 in the world's best position, and then the Payame Noir University of Iran ranked second in the study. : In terms of the structure of Payam Noor University, it has a hybrid structure. But other open universities studied more than two-part structure. Payam Noor University, with a high degree of recognition, has relative concentration and complexity compared with five open universities. All universities have more organizational agility than Payam Noor University, given the number of centers, faculty and staff, staff ratios, and levels of hierarchy. Therefore, it is suggested that the design of a desirable structure be tailored to the needs of the university in line with its mission and objectives and tasks.

Nowadays, organizations are vulnerable to various injuries as organizational trauma, and the need to manage these blows is a priority. Therefore, the present study aims to manage organizational trauma with emphasis on organizational transparency and social capital variables that are applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, descriptive-survey is. The statistical population of the study consisted of 385 employees of governmental organizations of Chalus and Noshahr cities. They were selected using simple random sampling method and based on Morgan table, 191 individuals were selected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose reliability and validity were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability, and confirmed by professors and experts familiar with the subject. Data analysis was done by SPSS and LISREL software. The findings of structural equation modeling showed that all the paths from organizational transparency and social capital to management of psychological blows, as well as the path of organizational transparency through the intermediary variable of social capital on the management of mental stroke are significant and the relationship between them is confirmed and it can be concluded investment on social capital Along with organizational transparency, it can help manage organizational mental shocks.

The main objective of this research is to design a model for increasing organizational transparency in governmental organizations, which has been implemented qualitatively using a data driven theory-based approach. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection using Strauss and Corbin method and paradigm model. The sampling technique was theoretical and purposeful and snowball, based on which 14 interviews were conducted with faculty members of universities and experts working in governmental organizations. The results of the data obtained from the interviews during the open, pivotal and selective codification process led to the creation of the data driven theory in the field of organizational transparency in governmental and educational organizations. The designed model in this research includes effective dimensions and components, barriers and strategies, causal conditions, terrain, interfaces and constituent elements that illustrate the pivotal phenomena, consequences and strategies.